CARE OF PERSON WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

UNIT: 1.0

TOPIC: Handicapping Conditions

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
- Demonstration with visuals{pictures of different type of disability}
- Lectures
- Teaching Method:
- Demonstration, using facilitator{people with disabilities}
Types of Assessment:
Questioning {oral}
Assignment
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- At the end of the unit, the students should be able to :
- Identify persons with special needs
- Explain handicapping conditions in people with special need
- Enumerate common handicapping conditions in the community
SUMMARY OF CONTENT
Introduction: The term Special need (or additional needs) describes
individuals who require assistance for disabilities that may be medical, mental,
or psychological. Special needs can include much different medical or mental
impairment from autism to epilepsy to visual impairments. Mar 10, 2018
study.com › academy.

Definition: Person with special needs is defined as an individual with a

mental, emotional, or physical disability. that can prevent someone perform
normal function that normal individual performs.
Persons with Special Needs Are:
Psychological Group: e.g. mental retarded, emotional depressed, maladjusted
specific hearing problem and defect autism.
Physically handicapped such as:
Motor group e.g. Cerebral palsy, spinal bifida, congenital dislocation of hip.
Sensory group e.g. . visual defect {blind} auditory defect.
Chronic disorder groups e.g. epilepsy, sickle cell disease and severe asthma.
1.1 Handicapping Conditions In People With Special Needs
Multiple disabilities concomitant impairments (such as mental retardation-
blindness, mental retardation- orthopedic impairment, etc.) the combination of
which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated
in special education programs solely for one of the impairments.
 “Autism” means a developmental disorder of variable severity that is
characterized by difficulty in social interaction and communication and by
restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior.
 “Deaf-blindness” means concomitant hearing and visual impairments..May
2, 2017
 “Deafness” means a hearing impairment. ...
 . “Emotional disturbance” an inability to learn that cannot be explained by
intellectual, sensory, or health factor,. An inability to build or maintain
satisfactory interpersonal relationships.
 Hearing impairment. “Hearing disability
 Intellectual Disability involves problems with general mental abilities that
affect functioning in two areas
Persons with multiple disabilities have a combination of two or more
serious disabilities (e.g., cognitive, movement, sensory), such as mental
retardation with cerebral palsy.Jun 8, 2020

www.encyclopedia.com › education › severe-and-multipl...

Orthopedic impairment is one that includes impairments caused by congenital

anomalies such as or impairments for other causes to include amputations,
fractures, cerebral palsy, burns etc.Oct 9, 2009

www.disabled-world.com › disability › orthopedic-impair...

1.3 Common handicapping conditions in the community include:

 Deafness: Or hearing loss refers to the total or partial inability to hear

sounds. Symptoms may be mild, moderate and severe or profound
 Epilepsy: Most common neurological disorder, affects people of all ages
and can cause unpredictable seizures
 Asthma: - Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell
and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and
trigger coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and
shortness of breath.
 Diabetics: is a condition that impairs the body's ability to process blood
glucose, otherwise known as blood sugar. In the United States, the
estimated number of ...
  Blindness: he state or condition of being unable to see because of injury,
disease, or a congenital condition, a leading cause of blindness in the
elderly.
 Mental normality: Behavioral normality pertains to a
patient's mental condition aligning with that of a model, healthy patient.
 Poliomyelitis; Commonly called polio, is a highly infectious disease,
caused by the ...
 Cripple:Means disable, weaken and incapacitate.

DISABILITY.

Test item: List the common handicapping conditions in the community

STUDENTS ACTIVITY:

Topic: Handicapping Conditions

LEARNING OUTCOME:
1. Apply skill on how to care for people with special needs

TASK:
In pairs brainstorm on person with special needs.

UNIT: Number 2.0

Topic: Management of common handicapping conditions
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL:
 Audio-visual{video, compact disc, internet etc}
TEACHING METHOD:
 Responding to students questions
 Explanation
TYPES OF ASSESSMENT:
 Group work
 Continuous assessment test
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
AT THE END OF THE UNIT, THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO:
1. Demonstrate Skills on managing common conditions in the clinic using
the standing order
2. Demonstrate skills on how to refer clients to appropriate facilities
Introduction: The focus on condition or impairment management includes self-
care management—a person’s ability to manage everyday self-care in the home
given specific conditions or a long-term disability. Self-care is often linked with
overall health-promotion strategies, including nutrition and exercise to maintain
or prevent declines in function.

MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES

Resource management as it applies to disabilities focuses on the right of

disabled persons to live in the community and have access to equitable
supportive resources. This area of disability management views disability as the
oppression of a minority group by societal and environmental barriers,
including barriers in access to community living resources. Thus, resource
management involves finding, accessing, controlling or coordinating, and
troubleshooting supportive resources, including affordable and accessible
housing, personal attendant services, transportation, assistive technology, and
other supports for community living.

Disability management of resources places emphasis on self-advocacy skills

and on collective activism to change systems, assert civil rights, and improve
societal conditions and opportunities for the disability community as a minority
group. Resource management has been emphasized within centres for
independent living and other disability activism organizations, and it has been
used increasingly as a model approach within the delivery of home and
community-based waiver programs to support transition out of institutions and
long-term community living choices.Joy HammelThe Editors of Encyclopaedia
Britannica

Definition: Handicapping condition means a physical or mental impairment

which substantially limits one or more of a person's major life activities.

2.1 Practicum on the use of the standing order to manage common

handicapping conditions in the clinic

 Ascertain the clients age and locate the appropriate section.

 Look up the clients condition in the table of contents under the
section and turn to appropriate page
  Always elite all the sign and symptoms in the complaint column.
 Perform all the examination as listed in the examination column.
 Assemble and record all significant information, including negative
ones, for example in the examination of Neck for stiffness, an
absence of stiff neck is to be recorded as no stiff neck.
 Base on your findings, make a clinical judgment.
 Take appropriate action based on your clinical judgment.{National
Standing Orders For CHOs & CHEWs March 2010.}
Example: Complain: Difficulty in reading and seeing far object
Examination: Cannot read well or see far big object on eye board or SNEILS
TEST for reduced visual acuity.
Clinical judgment: moderate or suspect short sightedness.
ACTION AND TREATMENT:
 Counsel on process of ageing
 Give multivitamin tab 1 tds time 2weeks
 Yeast tab 1 tds times 2weeks
 Adequate intake of food like green and yellow vegetable, fruits, meat,
diary products.
 Read with good light and larger prints
 REFER to Eye specialist.
2.2 Practicum on referring clients with disabilities to appropriate facilities
includes:
 Help your client think of specific people he knows.
 Write the referrals' names on cards.
 Ask qualifying questions about the referrals, e.g disabilities
 Ask for the referrals' contact information..
 Ask the client to call and set up your meeting with the referrals.
TEST ITEM:

 Demonstrate skills on how to use standing order to manage common

handicapping conditions in the clinic

STUDENTS ACTIVITY:
Topic: Care of persons with special needs
LEARNING OUTCOME:
 Apply skills on how to use standing order to manage common
handicapping conditions
 Demonstrate on how to refer clients to appropriate facilities
TASK:
  Group/Individual work
UNIT: Number 3.0
TOPIC: Social Support of persons with special needs
Instructional Material:
 Field trip to homes of people with disabilities
 LECTURES
Teaching Method:
 Demonstration, using facilitators {people with disabilities}.
Types of Assessment:
 Group/Individual work
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the unit, the students should be able to:
1. Educate families of persons with special needs on the care and
rehabilitation of persons with special need
2. Identify the resources in the community for the screening and care of the
persons with special needs
Introduction:
Usually the patient's family is the caregiver and thus plays a vital part in
the rehabilitation process for a number of reasons: Positive attitudes and
reinforcement from family members can inspire patients' commitment to
recovery and help them adapt to new physical challenges or limitations. Nov 4,
2014

DEFINITION:

Rehabilitation is a combine and coordinated used of medical, social education

and vocational measures for training and retraining an individual to the highest
possible level of functional ability.

3.1 Education of family of persons with special needs on the care and
rehabilitation of the persons with special needs are:

 Building Confidence – An accident or brain stroke can have a drastic

impact on patients. It can leave them feeling severely depressed about
their health condition. It is in times like these that you can boost their
confidence with positive words and also by your active participation. •
 Educating Oneself – The healing process for a patient depends on
several factors. As a family member, you can educate yourself on certain
factors. For instance, the patient’s recovery time from the ailment or
injury along with the treatment procedures. Also important is paying
 attention to and learning about post-treatment care, rehabilitation goals,
etc.
 Aspect of Cognitive Therapy – Addressing the emotional aspects of a
therapy primary depends on the patient’s response to them. The patient’s
family can partake in the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy sessions and
understand the entire procedure.
A patient’s impairment and disability can be better explained with coping
strategies, their mood and stress handling levels. Family members, with
their positive words can help patients in recognizing and recovering from
their symptoms.

Work in collaboration with community development committees to

provide:

 shelter for the people with special needs in the community

ICTs to provide support for learning, help disabled pupils, teachers
and promote their skills, help with written work, regular assessment is
needed to ensure equipment is suitable.

www.apc.org › blog › how-icts-can-enhance-teaching-an...

 Community mobilization: is important when tackling health issues

because it has advantages such as: local ownership and the sustainability
of the programmes. Motivating the people and encouraging participation.
building community capacity to identify and address people with
special needs, and empowering the community
 community interventions: refer to actions that address social problems
of the persons with special needs or unmet human needs, and take place
in a neighborhood, community, or other setting community members’
well-being or welfare involving both material sufficiency and non-
economic aspects of living such as health and education;
 Resource development: Involving increased production and efficiency.
 Organizational development: Involving the maintenance and creation of
social and economic structures through which members of the community
may channel their energies for the betterment of community living
(Baker, [email protected] to achieve their goal).
Rehabilitations of persons with special needs include:
 Medical rehabilitation: which concern with restoration function
example plastic surgery to correct deformity
  Vocational rehabilitation: This involves restoration of capacity to earn a
living.
 Social rehabilitation: This is concern with restoration of social and
family relationship i.e. motherless baby
 Psychological rehabilitation/Psychotherapy: Restoration of personal
dignity and confidence[ psychotherapy]
Remember: Eventual care and recovery primarily depends on the emotional
support of family members. As rehabilitation for stroke or spine injury is a
gradual procedure, being patient is quite essential. Being in touch with the rehab
practitioners and doctors will be optimal as this will help in tracking the
patient’s progress.
3.2 Resources in the community for the screening and care of the persons
with special needs are:

 EARC Educational Assessment and Resource Centers (EARC) [ main

objective is to equalize education opportunities for children with special
needs and facilitate their full integration into the school system and their
community

 SPECIAL EDUCATION now serves students at all levels in Nigeria.

Considerable efforts have been made to promote integration
though special schools are also an important part of the service
pattern. Special education needs to be coordinated with improved health
care and early diagnosis of disabilities. Specific government agencies,
non-profit assistance, community support, funding resources and
information that may be beneficial to caregivers and family members
touched by individuals with special needs such as:
 Family-to-Family Health Information centers (F2F HICs) are non-
profit organizations that help families of children and youth with special
health care needs (CYSHC) and the professionals who serve them.
 OVERNMENT SPECIAL NEEDS RESOURCES: This directory is a
select listing of government agencies and centers offering information to
address the needs of individuals with disabilities for parents, educators,
adults and professionals. Government programs and community resources
are available to address the needs of individuals
 wiDisabilities. Directory>> CCC

SSS

SPECIAL NEED CHILDREN

 PARENT TO PARENT PROGRAMS: A directory of programs that

offer information and emotional support to parents who have a child or
family member with special needs by matching families with a trained
“veteran” parent.
 SPECIAL NEEDS RESOURCES FOR TEACHERS: This directory
provides teachers and other educational professionals with the specific
information and resources required to assist in teaching students with
disabilities
 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION PROGRAMS: A state-by-state
directory of vocational rehabilitation programs:
 ADAPTIVE RECREATION ORGANIZATIONS: A directory of
national organizations offering adaptive sports and recreational activities
to individuals with special needs and disabilities. Directory>>>
 WHEELCHAIRS AND WALKING AIDS:Is one of the most
commonly used assistive devices to promote mobility and enhance quality of
life for people who have difficulties in walking (e.g. a person with spinal cord
injuries resulting in quadriplegia or paraplegia, muscular dystrophy,etc).
 Referral Services: They can be screened by referring them to the hospital.

A child with special needs

that have learning
disability are screened by
1.Special education and related
services 2.Person is evaluated
3.Eligibility is 4.Person found
decided eligible for services 5.IEP meeting is scheduled
.

More items...

1. Child is identified as possibly needing special education and related

services.
Children are usually referred to professionals for review and diagnosis after
being referred by a parent or teacher. Another method used to determine special
needs children is the Child Find program. This program is used by educators in
every state.
Child Find. A law passed by the federal government in 2004 known as the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act mandates that all state public
schools evaluate students demonstrating signs of potential disabilities. If a child
is diagnosed with a disability, school districts must provide adequate special
education assistance. Many educators rely on the Child Find program to locate
at-risk children.
Referral or request for evaluation. Teachers often refer children to school
counselors or psychologists to be evaluated for possible disabilities. When this
happens, parents must be notified to give their consent. Concerned parents can
also refer their children directly to professionals.
After parents grant their consent to an evaluation of their child, the law requires
that evaluations be concluded within 2 months after parents agree to the
decision. However, this timeframe can differ in individual states.
2. Child is evaluated.
The evaluation stage is very important and is intended to determine whether
children:
Most Popular Articles
Have a disability that would necessitate assistance through a special education
program
Have any needs requiring special education instruction
Require any type of special education assistance
The first session between a counselor or psychologist and child demonstrating
symptoms indicative of a disability is often intended to determine whether the
child has a problem requiring further assessment. Many facets of the child's life
will be evaluated. If it's determined the child needs assistance, then
recommendations for special education programs will be provided by the
counselor or psychologist.
Parents uncomfortable or in disagreement with their children's diagnosis can
request an Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE). School districts often
cover the costs of these evaluations.

3. Eligibility is decided.
After a child is evaluated, parents and other professionals review results to
decide whether the child requires special education assistance. Parents can
always seek a re-evaluation if the results are not conclusive.

4. Child is found eligible for services.

When children are diagnosed with disabilities, they can enroll in a special
education program. Within a month of a diagnosis, educators must prepare an
Individual Education Program (IEP) to aid children diagnosed with disabilities.

5. IEP meeting is scheduled.

Schools are responsible for setting up and administering IEPs. It's also their
responsibility to:
Contact parents and notify them in advance of an IEP planning session, so they
can be present
Schedule an IEP planning session at a time and location convenient for parents
Notify parents of educators and other professionals who will be present at the
meeting, including professionals specializing in the type of disability afflicting
the child.
Students Activity:
Topic: Social support of persons with special needs
Learning Outcome:
At the end of the unit, the students would be able to:
  Educate families of persons with special needs on the care and
rehabilitation of persons with special need
 Identify the resources in the community for the screening and care of
the persons with special needs
Task:
 Continuous assessment test
 MCQs on the care and rehabilitation of persons with special needs
Unit Number 3.0
Topic: Social support of persons with special needs
Instructional Materials:
 Visuals [pictures of different peoples with different disabilities
Teaching Method:
 Explanation
 Responding to students questions etc.
TYPES OF ASSESSMENT:
 Questions
 End of semester examination
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the unit, the students should be able to:
- Enumerate the importance of record keeping and types of record to be
kept
Introduction: Any record keeping system should be accurate, reliable, easy to
follow, consistent as to the basis used and be very simple. Good record
keeping is vital in regards to meeting the financial commitments of the business
and providing information on which decisions for the future of the business can
be based. We believe that keeping good records of your child’s behaviors,
treatments, therapies, and educational experiences can help you and service
providers make more effective services available. Families that include a child
or adult with special needs learn that paperwork becomes a common part of
everyday living. Paperwork from physicians, from the government, from
school, and other sources can get out of control quickly. No doubt, a system of
keeping records organized is needed.
School administrators and government agencies ask for records to help them
make decisions about services or benefits. With that information at one’s
fingertips, it becomes easier to provide information quickly and without
frustration. It ensures that a child or adult receives the services they deserve,
and a family requires.
DEFINITION:
 The activity of organizing and storing all the documents, files, invoices,
etc. relating to a company's or organization's activities etc.

Record keeping. There are many reasons for keeping records in health care,
but two stand out above all others: to compile a complete record of the
patient's/client's journey through services. to enable continuity of care for the
patient/client both within and between services.

RRr

RR

Hospital registers

3.3 Importance of record keeping

3.1.1 Record keeping of a register of names, sex, age and addresses and activity
of persons with special needs helps

 To ensure good record ,Record keeping makes the continuity of care

easier;

 Record keeping promotes better communication and dissemination of

information between members of the multi-professional team;
 Helps to address complaints or legal processes;
 Supports clinical audit, research, allocation of resources and performance
planning;
  Helps to identify risks and enables the early detection of complications;
 Supports patient care and patient-centered communication;
 Supports effective clinical judgments;
 Supports delivery of services;
 Helps improve accountability;
 Shows how decisions were made relating to the patient’s care. keeping to
promote patient care(Jevons 2012) Example:
- NAME: Musa Bala Ahmad
- SEX: Male
- AGE: 15years
- ADDRESS:Sabon titi Kano
- ACTIVITY: Poliomyelitis
Conclusion
When caring for a patient, it is important to ensure good record keeping to
promote patient care and better communication. Good record keeping is a
product of good teamwork and an important tool in developing high-quality
healthcare and reinforcing professionalism within nursing. May 27,2018.

3.1.2 Keep a directory of persons, institutions, including NGOs

caring for persons with special needs example:
- Institutions: Homes for people with special needs
- NGOs caring for persons with special care: WHO {World
Health Organization].
- Organization – easy retrieval of documents when needed.
- Share with care providers – share information between
members of the care team.
- Treatment care planning – track treatment, including tests,
diagnosis and medical care for use in care plans, goal setting
and evaluating progress.
- Efficiency – requesting records can be expensive and time
consuming delaying the ability for other providers to begin care.
- Government assistant and benefit programs – proof of
condition, expenses and financial status is often requested to
qualify for disability benefit programs.
- Education planning – Federal guidelines mandate that a child
is evaluated for special needs educational programs through
Independent Education Planning (IEP) sessions.
- Insurance reconciliation – health insurance billing and
compensation requires copies of bills, treatment and proof of
expenditure for reimbursement of medical bills.
 - Tax credit and benefits – tax credits and benefits are often
available to those with exorbitant medical expenses or
dependent upon financial status.
- Caretaking – those in charge of caring for a child with Cerebral
Palsy will better understand the type of Cerebral Palsy, its
associative conditions and co-mitigating factors.
- Vocational planning and career development – workforce
development specialists will be able to better provide career
focus and training if the activity restrictions and participation
constraints are known and if they can be overcome.
- Estate planning – provides a document of care to be
transferred to others in the unfortunate event the parent or legal
guardian is no longer able to provide for the child.

TYPES OF RECORD TO BE KEPT ARE:

 Hospital records must be obtained through the hospital records
department.
 Mental health records that can be withheld if the provider believes
by obtaining the records the patient may endanger themselves. A
physician may deny access to the following under specific
circumstances:
 Doctor’s personal notes or observations (typically speculations,
impressions or reminder but not actual diagnosis)
 Information obtained by other practitioners, not used in diagnosis
and the original practitioner is still in business. These records
should be obtained by the original practitioner.
 Information disclosed to the practitioner on the condition it be kept
“confidential.”
 Mental health records
 Information the physician believes would cause the patient to harm
him or herself.
 Property records - title deeds and settlements.
 Accounting papers - including rentals, vouchers, surveys and
valuations.
 Legal papers.
 Inventories.
 Correspondence.
 Enclosure papers.
 Manorial papers - court rolls, custumals, surveys etc.
 Personal and political papers
Keeping records also helps when you think IEP goals are not evolving. If you
can pull out an IEP from four years ago and show the team that the same goals
are listed and there hasn’t been progress, you can ask for a new approach and
avoid conversations that go around and around. The simplest way to organize is
to get a binder, put in tabs, and organize with the most current information in
front. I also suggest putting a current picture of your child in the sleeve on the
binder cover. Too often, adults talk about what they can and cannot do and
forget that there is a child at the center of their debate. A picture is a tangible
reminder of why you are meeting.

STUDENT ACTIVITY

Topic: Social support of persons with special needs

LEARNING OUTCOME:

 Describe the importance of record keeping

 Enumerate the importance of record keeping and types of record to be
kept

TASK:

 In pairs brainstorm on the various types of record to be kept

 Question [oral]