Berikut adalah penjelasan lengkap mengenai 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris, dibagi ke dalam
4 kategori utama: Present, Past, Future, dan Future Perfect.
1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
a) Simple Present Tense
Fungsi: Mengungkapkan kebiasaan, fakta umum, atau keadaan yang selalu benar.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + Verb 1 (s/es untuk subjek orang ketiga tunggal)
(-) Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1
(?) Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1
Contoh:
(+) She walks to school every day.
(-) He does not like coffee.
(?) Do they play football?
b) Present Continuous Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + is/am/are + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + is/am/are + not + Verb-ing
(?) Is/Am/Are + Subject + Verb-ing
Contoh:
(+) I am reading a book now.
(-) They are not watching TV.
(?) Are you studying now?
c) Present Perfect Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan tindakan yang sudah selesai tetapi masih memiliki pengaruh pada waktu
sekarang.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + has/have + Verb 3
(-) Subject + has/have + not + Verb 3
(?) Has/Have + Subject + Verb 3
Contoh:
(+) She has finished her homework.
(-) We have not visited Paris.
(?) Have you eaten dinner?
d) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan tindakan yang telah berlangsung untuk beberapa waktu hingga
sekarang.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + has/have + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + has/have + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Has/Have + Subject + been + Verb-ing
Contoh:
(+) They have been working since morning.
(-) He has not been studying for hours.
(?) Have you been waiting for long?
2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
a) Simple Past Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan kejadian yang selesai di masa lalu.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + Verb 2
(-) Subject + did + not + Verb 1
(?) Did + Subject + Verb 1
Contoh:
(+) She visited her grandparents yesterday.
(-) They did not go to the park.
(?) Did you call her last night?
b) Past Continuous Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + was/were + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing
(?) Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing
Contoh:
(+) I was reading when she called.
(-) They were not playing football.
(?) Were you sleeping at 10 PM?
c) Past Perfect Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + had + Verb 3
(-) Subject + had + not + Verb 3
(?) Had + Subject + Verb 3
Contoh:
(+) She had finished her homework before dinner.
(-) We had not seen that movie.
(?) Had you ever been to London before 2010?
d) Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan tindakan yang telah berlangsung untuk beberapa waktu di masa lalu
sebelum kejadian lain.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + had + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing
Contoh:
(+) He had been studying for two hours before the exam started.
(-) They had not been living there for long.
(?) Had she been waiting for you?
3. Future Tense (Waktu Mendatang)
a) Simple Future Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan sesuatu yang akan terjadi di masa depan.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + will + Verb 1
(-) Subject + will + not + Verb 1
(?) Will + Subject + Verb 1
Contoh:
(+) I will go to Bali next week.
(-) She will not attend the meeting.
(?) Will they join us tomorrow?
b) Future Continuous Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan sesuatu yang akan sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa
depan.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + will + be + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + will + not + be + Verb-ing
(?) Will + Subject + be + Verb-ing
Contoh:
(+) This time tomorrow, I will be traveling.
(-) He will not be sleeping at midnight.
(?) Will you be studying at 7 PM?
c) Future Perfect Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + will + have + Verb 3
(-) Subject + will + not + have + Verb 3
(?) Will + Subject + have + Verb 3
Contoh:
(+) By next month, she will have graduated.
(-) They will not have completed the project by Friday.
(?) Will you have finished your homework by 6 PM?
d) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Fungsi: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan telah berlangsung untuk beberapa waktu di masa
depan.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + will + have + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + will + not + have + been + Verb-ing
(?) Will + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing
Contoh:
(+) By next year, he will have been working here for five years.
(-) She will not have been studying for long when we arrive.
(?) Will they have been traveling for a week?
Rangkuman Singkat
1. Simple Tense: Fakta, kebiasaan, kejadian.
2. Continuous Tense: Aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung.
3. Perfect Tense: Aktivitas selesai sebelum waktu tertentu.
4. Perfect Continuous Tense: Aktivitas yang berlangsung hingga titik waktu tertentu.
Semoga membantu! 😊
