Class 10 Science – Practice Question Paper (Answers & Marking Scheme)
Section A (1 Mark each)
Q1. Angle of reflection = 0° (since incidence = 0°).
Q2. Iris.
Q3. Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂↑
Q4. Lactic acid.
Q5. Photosynthesis.
Q6. Vegetable peels / cow dung / paper (any).
Q7. 25 cm.
Q8. Sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO₃.
Q9. Mitochondria.
Q10. Plastic / polythene / DDT (any one).
Section B (2 Marks each)
Q11. Refractive index = ratio of speed of light in vacuum to that in medium. Light bends
towards normal since glass is denser than air.
Q12. Dispersion = splitting of white light into colours. Example: rainbow.
Q13. Physical: no new substance (melting of ice). Chemical: new substance formed (burning
paper).
Q14. (a) CuO + 2HCl → CuCl₂ + H₂O; (b) 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
Q15. Bile emulsifies fats and provides alkaline medium for lipase action.
Q16. Decomposers recycle nutrients, break down waste, maintain ecological balance.
Q17. Causes: (i) Eyeball elongated (ii) Lens too curved. Correction: concave lens.
Q18. Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu (brown copper deposits; displacement reaction).
Q19. Oxygen; test: rekindles glowing splinter.
Q20. Food chain = sequence of energy transfer. Example: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog →
Snake → Eagle.
Section C (3 Marks each)
Q21. Concave mirror diagram: object between F and P → virtual, erect, magnified image
behind mirror.
Q22. Lens formula: f = –15 cm, v = –10 cm → u = –30 cm. Magnification = v/u = –10/–30 =
1/3.
Q23. Hypermetropia = long-sightedness. Causes: short eyeball, less converging power.
Correction: convex lens with diagram.
Q24. (a) 2Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2PbO + 4NO₂ + O₂; (b) CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂; (c) Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl →
2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
Q25. (a) Baking soda: NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂. Uses: baking, antacid, extinguisher.
(b) Plaster of Paris: CaSO₄·½H₂O. Uses: casts, moulds, decorative items.
Q26. Autotrophic: self-food (plants). Heterotrophic: depend on others (animals).
Q27. Alveoli have thin walls, large surface, rich blood capillaries, moist surface.
Q28. Excretion in plants: via stomata, lenticels, resins/gums, leaf fall.
Q29. Waste management: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle; composting; segregation.
Q30. Energy flow: Sun → Producer → Consumer → Decomposer. Unidirectional as energy
lost as heat.
Q31. Ozone depletion: due to CFCs. Effects: UV rays → skin cancer, cataracts, crop damage.
Q32. Neutralisation: Acid + Base → Salt + Water. Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O.
Section D (5 Marks each)
Q33. Eye diagram (retina, ciliary muscles, lens, pupil). Retina: image formation. Ciliary
muscles: control lens shape. Distance = 25 cm.
Q34. Snell’s Law: sin30° = 1.5 sin r → sin r = 0.333 → r ≈ 19.5°.
Q35. (a) Displacement: Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu. (b) Paint prevents rusting. (c) CaO + H₂O
→ Ca(OH)₂.
Q36. Respiration: Inhalation → alveoli → blood → mitochondria → energy. Diagram of lungs
+ alveoli.
Q37. Excretory system diagram. Urine: filtration → reabsorption → secretion.
Q38. Digestive system diagram. Process: mouth → stomach → intestine. Role of liver,
pancreas, intestine.
Q39. Trophic levels = positions in food chain. Energy pyramid diagram. Significance: energy
reduces stepwise.
Q40. Saponification = oil/fat + NaOH → soap + glycerol. Uses: cleaning.
Q41. Corrosion = rusting of iron. Prevention: paint, galvanisation, alloying.
Q42. Respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy. Aerobic vs Anaerobic differences
(O₂ use, energy yield).
Q43. Human heart diagram. Functions: pumps deoxygenated to lungs, oxygenated to body.
Q44. 3Rs: Reduce (less use), Reuse (repeat use), Recycle (reprocess). Examples: cloth bags,
recycled paper.
Section E (4 Marks each)
Q45. Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu (brown deposit). Displacement reaction.
Q46. Concave mirror: object at infinity → rays meet at focus → point image at focus.
Q47. Gas = CO₂. Test: limewater turns milky.
Q48. Digestive system diagram with labels: stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine.
Q49. Ozone hole: CFCs, halons. Effects: UV radiation → cancer, cataracts, crop loss.
Measures: Montreal Protocol, ban on CFCs.
Q50. Observation: glowing splinter rekindles. Conclusion: O₂ released in photosynthesis.
