String
Note Book Owner: Emdadul Hoque
String Declaration
In [1]: #declare & create a string using constructor of a str class
s1 = str() #create a empty string object
s2 = str("string declararion")
In [2]: s2
Out[2]: 'string declararion'
In [3]: #create a string with using double cotation
s1 = " " #create a empty string
s2 = "Hello"
In [6]: s2
Out[6]: 'Hello'
InBuid python functions for strings
In [7]: string = " I love my country"
In [9]: len(string) # number of charaters in string
Out[9]: 18
In [10]: min(string) #samllest character in a string
Out[10]: ' '
In [11]: max(string) #largest character in a string
Out[11]: 'y'
Access value in a string
In [12]: name = "Emdadul"
In [13]: name[0]
Out[13]: 'E'
In [18]: name[4]
Out[18]: 'd'
In [19]: length = len(name)
Accesing Characters via negative index
In [25]: name = "Emdadul"
In [26]: name[-1]
Out[26]: 'l'
In [28]: name[-3]
Out[28]: 'd'
Traversing string
In [29]: name = "Emdadul"
In [30]: for char in name:
print(char, end="")
Emdadul
In [32]: #another way
str_len = len(name)
for i in range(str_len):
print(name[i], end="")
Emdadul
Problem 01: Write a program to traverse every second character of a string
In [37]: sentence = "I love python programming"
for ch in range(0, len(sentence), 2):
print(sentence[ch], end=" ")
I l v y h n p o r m i g
In [38]: #sting immutable that means you cann't change string value in same memory location
str1 = "I love python"
In [39]: str1[0]
Out[39]: 'I'
In [41]: str1[0] = "E"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[41], line 1
----> 1 str1[0] = "E"
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
String Slicing Operator [start: end]
In [42]: s = "Emdadul"
In [43]: #string_name[start index: End index+1]
s[0:6]
Out[43]: 'Emdadu'
In [44]: s[0:7]
Out[44]: 'Emdadul'
In [46]: #string slicing with step size
s[0:7:2] #string_name[start index: end index+1:number of step]
Out[46]: 'Eddl'
In [47]: s[::]
Out[47]: 'Emdadul'
In [48]: s[::-1] #print string in reverse
Out[48]: 'ludadmE'
In [49]: s[-1:0:-1]
Out[49]: 'ludadm'
The string +, * and in operators
In [54]: # "+" operator
first_name = "Emdadul "
last_name = "Tareque"
In [55]: first_name + last_name
Out[55]: 'Emdadul Tareque'
In [58]: # "*" operator
s1 = "tareque "
s2 = s1 * 3
In [59]: s2
Out[59]: 'tareque tareque tareque '
In [60]: # "in operator"
s1 = "Emdadul Tareque"
In [61]: "tareque" in s1
Out[61]: False
In [62]: "xyz" in s1
Out[62]: False
Problem 01: Write a program to print all the letters from word1 that also appear in word2. Example: word1 = Dhaka
North City Corporation word2 = Dhaka South City Corporation #print the letter that appear in word1 and also word2
output: Dhaka outh City Corporation
In [67]: word1 = "Dhaka North City Corporation"
word2 = "Dhaka South City Corporation"
# for i in range(len(word1)):
# if word2[i] == word1[i]:
# print(word2[i], end="")
for letter in word1:
if letter in word2:
print(letter, end="")
Dhaka orth City Corporation
String Operations
The str class provides different basic methods to perform various operations on a string. It helps
to calculate the length of a string, to retrieve the individua characters from the giveb string and to
compare and concatenate the two different strings.
String comparison
In [84]: s1 = "xyz"
s2 = "XYZ"
In [86]: s1==s2
Out[86]: False
In [88]: s1>s2 #its true because in python ASCII value of "a" is 97 and "A" is 65
Out[88]: True
In [79]: s1.upper()
Out[79]: 'XYZ'
In [80]: s1==s2
Out[80]: False
In [82]: s1= s1.upper()
In [83]: s1==s2
Out[83]: True
String .format() method
In [91]: s = "my name is {} and i am from {}".format("Emdadul", "Bangladesh")
In [92]: s
Out[92]: 'my name is Emdadul and i am from Bangladesh'
Explanation The format() method is called on the string literal with arguments 4,5 and ‘nine’. The
empty {} are replaced with the arguments in order. The first {} curly bracket is replaced with the
first argument and so on. By default, the index of the first argument in format always start from
zero. One can also give a position of arguments inside the curly brackets. The following example
illustrates the use of index as argument inside the curly bracket.
In [93]: s = "my name is {0} and i am from {1}".format("Emdadul", "Bangladesh")
In [94]: s
Out[94]: 'my name is Emdadul and i am from Bangladesh'
In [95]: s = "my name is {1} and i am from {0}".format("Emdadul", "Bangladesh")
In [96]: s
Out[96]: 'my name is Bangladesh and i am from Emdadul'
In [97]: s = "I am {0} years old. I love to work on {pc} laptop".format(28, pc="HP")
In [98]: s
Out[98]: 'I am 28 years old. I love to work on HP laptop'
The split() method
The split() method returns a list of all the words in a string. It is used to break up a string into
smaller strings.
In [99]: str = "My name is tareque"
str.split()
Out[99]: ['My', 'name', 'is', 'tareque']
Problem 02:Consider a input string that has a list of names of various multinational companies,
such as TCS, INFOSYS, MICROSOFT, YAHOO and GOOGLE. Use split method and display the name
of each company in a different line.
In [101… it_company = "Meta Google Microsoft Amazon OpenAI"
it_company_list = it_company.split()
print(it_company_list)
for item in it_company_list:
print(item)
['Meta', 'Google', 'Microsoft', 'Amazon', 'OpenAI']
Meta
Google
Microsoft
Amazon
OpenAI
Testing String
A string may contain digits, alphabets or a combination of both of these. Thus, various methods
are available to test if the entered string is a digit or alphabet or is alphanumeric
isalnum() --> Returns True if characters in the string are
alphanumeric and there is at least one character.
In [135… s = "python"
s.isalnum()
Out[135… True
In [110… s = "Python Programming"
s.isalnum()
Out[110… False
In [113… s = "Age23"
s.isalnum()
Out[113… False
In [116… s = "Age:23" # ইংেরিজ শ দ অথবা সংখ া বােদ য কান িকছু থাকেল এই ফাংশন ফলস িরটান িদেব
s.isalnum()
Out[116… False
isalpha() --> Returns True if the characters in the string are
alphabetic and there is at least one character.
In [118… s = "Emdadul"
s.isalpha()
Out[118… True
In [119… s = "age45"
s.isalpha()
Out[119… False
isdigit() --> Returns True if the characters in the string contain only
digits.
In [121… s = "1234"
s.isdigit()
Out[121… True
In [122… s = "abc"
s.isdigit()
Out[122… False
islower() ---> Returns True if all the characters in the string are in
lowercase.
In [132… s = "happy"
s.islower()
Out[132… True
In [133… s = "Happy"
s.islower()
Out[133… False
isupper() --> Returns True if all the characters in the string are in
uppercase.
In [128… s = "happy"
s.isupper()
Out[128… False
In [129… s = "Happy"
s.isupper()
Out[129… False
In [130… s = "HAPPY"
s.isupper()
Out[130… True
isspace() ---> Returns true if the string contains only white space
characters.
In [136… s = "My name is tareque"
s.isspace()
Out[136… False
In [137… s = " "
s.isspace()
Out[137… True
Searching Substring in a string
endswith(str str1) --> Returns true if the string ends with the substring Str1.
In [140… s = "python programming"
s.endswith("programming")
Out[140… True
In [141… s = "python programming"
s.endswith("python")
Out[141… False
startswith(str) -->Returns true if the string starts with the substring Str1
In [142… s = "python programming"
s.startswith("python")
Out[142… True
find(str) --> Returns the lowest index where the string Str1 starts in this string or
returns -1 if the string Str1 is not found in this string.
In [148… str = "Emdadul Hoque"
str.find("Hoque")
Out[148… 8
In [151… str = "Emdadul Hoque"
str.find("Hoque")
Out[151… 8
rfind(str) --> Returns the highest index where the string Str1 starts in this string
or returns -1 if the string Str1 is not found in this string
In [154… str = "Emdadul Hoque"
str.rfind("Hoque")
Out[154… 8
Methods to Convert a String into Another String
In [161… s = "emdadul hoque"
s.capitalize()
Out[161… 'Emdadul hoque'
In [162… s.lower()
Out[162… 'emdadul hoque'
In [163… s.upper()
Out[163… 'EMDADUL HOQUE'
In [164… s.title()
Out[164… 'Emdadul Hoque'
In [166… s = "Emdadul Hoque"
s.swapcase()
Out[166… 'eMDADUL hOQUE'
In [167… s = "I have brought two chocolates, two cookies and two cakes"
str = s.replace("two", "Three")
In [168… str
Out[168… 'I have brought Three chocolates, Three cookies and Three cakes'
In [169… s = "I have brought two chocolates, two cookies and two cakes"
str = s.replace("two", "Three", 2)
In [170… str
Out[170… 'I have brought Three chocolates, Three cookies and two cakes'
Stripping Unwanted Characters from a String
In [171… s = " my name is khan"
s.lstrip() # সনেটে র শুর েত পস থাকেল িরমুভ কের দয়
Out[171… 'my name is khan'
In [172… s = "\t \t \t my name is khan"
s.lstrip()
Out[172… 'my name is khan'
In [184… s = "my name is khan!!! \t \t \t"
s = s.rstrip() # Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.}
In [185… s
Out[185… 'my name is khan!!!'
In [187… s = "\t \t \t \t my name is khan \t \t \t"
s.strip() #Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
Out[187… 'my name is khan'
Formating String
In [199… s = "Apple Macos"
s.center(20)# Return a centered string of length width.
Out[199… ' Apple Macos '
In [200… s.ljust(15)
Out[200… 'Apple Macos '
In [201… s.rjust(15)
Out[201… ' Apple Macos'
In [ ]:
