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Class12 Physics Notes

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84 views1 page

Class12 Physics Notes

Uploaded by

sakshmagarwal2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 12 Physics Notes (CBSE 2025-26)

Unit I: Electrostatics

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields


• Electric Charge: Property of matter producing electric and magnetic effects. Two types: +ve and
–ve.
• Conservation of charge: Charge can’t be created or destroyed.

Coulomb’s Law: F = (1/4πε■) * (q■q■ / r²)


■ Trick: "qq over r²"

Electric Field (E): E = F/q


Electric Field Lines: Start on +ve, end on –ve; never intersect; denser = stronger.

Gauss’s Theorem: Φ = q_inside / ε■


■ Trick: "Flux = Charge / Permittivity"

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance


• Electric Potential (V): V = W/q
• Potential due to Point Charge: V = (1/4πε■) * (q/r)
• Equipotential Surfaces: Potential same everywhere, work done = 0

Capacitance (C): C = Q/V


Parallel Plate Capacitor: C = ε■A/d
Combination of Capacitors:
- Series: 1/C = 1/C■ + 1/C■
- Parallel: C = C■ + C■

Exam Pattern (CBSE 2025-26):


• 2 marks → Direct definition/formula
• 3 marks → Numericals/derivations
• 5 marks → Case-study (Gauss’s law/capacitors)
• MCQ/Assertion → Conceptual (field lines, charge distribution)

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