Java Program Structure (Diagram Notes)
Q. why static is used before main
method? Time: 09:30
// note: every keyword with capital initial
is class in java
🔑 Breakdown
1. class Test
class → Reserved keyword (used to define class).
Test → User-defined class name.
{ } → Curly braces (open & close define class block).
2. main Method Declaration
Statement: public static void main(String[] args)
public → Access Modifier (accessible to all).
static → No need to create object, directly accessible.
void → Return type (returns nothing).
main → Predefined method name (program entry point).
(String[] args) → Parameter
o String → Data type
o [] → Array (square brackets)
o args → Argument name
3. Method Body
{ } → Curly braces (main method block).
4. Statement → System.out.println("Hello Java");
System → Predefined class
out → Static field of System class (object of PrintStream)
println → Method of PrintStream class
() → Parentheses (method call)
"Hello Java" → String argument
; → Semicolon (statement terminator)
🔑 Additional Points (Not in your image but important)
main() method signature can also be written as:
o public static void main(String args[])
o public static void main(String... args) (varargs).
If main() is not public, JVM cannot call it → runtime error.
If main() is not static, JVM cannot call it without creating an object.
Without main(), program compiles but doesn’t run (NoSuchMethodError).
📌 Diagram Flow (Mindmap style):
1. What is a Variable?
Variables are just a name to allocate a memory in RAM where we store the
data.
Stored in: Random Access Memory (Primary Memory)
Usage: Used during runtime (runtime area).
Changeable: The value of a variable can change during program execution.
2. Need of Variables
Example: int x = 4; int y = 5; int sum = x + y;
Variable names (like x, y, sum) help in storing and retrieving values in memory.
3. Memory Representation (RAM)
RAM (Random Access Memory): Stores variables during program execution.
Example in diagram:
o Store values 4 and 5.
o Perform operations → result stored in another memory cell (sum = 9).
✅ Additional Points
1. Types of Variables in Java
o Local Variables: Declared inside a method, created when method is
called, destroyed when method ends.
o Instance Variables: Defined inside a class but outside methods, belongs
to objects.
o Static Variables: Declared with static keyword, common for all objects of
class.
2. Default Values (if not initialized):
int → 0
float → 0.0
o
boolean → false
o
String/Object → null
o
o
