Variables

Data types

Type cast

Print

eval and input

Basic codes

Modules pacakges

conditional

functions

for loop

while loop

In [ ]: - Strings : This I will tell end tom end

- list : 60-40

- Tuple : 100

- dictionary

- sets

- lambda functions

- file handling

Intialization how to write the strings

In built functions

type

min

max

len

sum

sorted

reversed
 Concatenation

Index

Mutable/Immutable

Slice

Methods

In [5]: str1='python'
str2="python"
str3='i like "python"'
str4="i like 'python'"
str5="""
hello
how are you
"""

In [9]: print(str1)

python

inbuilt functions

In [16]: type(str1)
print(str1)
len(str1)

python
Out[16]: 6

In [ ]: type()
len()
print()
min()
max()
sum()
sorted()
reversed()

In [18]: str1='apple'
str2='123456'
str3='apple123'

In [22]: print(len(str1))
print(len(str2))
print(len(str3))

5
6
8

In [24]: print(min(str1))
print(min(str2))
print(min(str3))
 a
1
1

In [26]: print(max(str1))
print(max(str2))
print(max(str3))

p
6
p

In [ ]: len,min,max

In [28]: sum(str1)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[28], line 1
----> 1 sum(str1)

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'

In [30]: print(str2)
sum(str2)

123456
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[30], line 2
1 print(str2)
----> 2 sum(str2)

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'

In [32]: print(str3)
sum(str3)

apple123
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[32], line 2
1 print(str3)
----> 2 sum(str3)

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'

In [34]: 10+'a'

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[34], line 1
----> 1 10+'a'

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'

In [ ]: sum('apple')
0+'a'

In [36]: 0+'a'+'p'
Out[36]: 'ap'

In [ ]: sum('apple')

In [ ]: def f(a,/,b):
print(a+b)

f(10,20) # w
f(a=10,b=20) # n
f(10,b=20) # w

In [3]: str1='python'
#sorted(iterable, /, *, key=None, reverse=False)
# iterable: anything can be loop
# anything we can print using loop
# for i in 'python'
# print(i)
# strings ,list,tuple,dict all are consider are iterable objects
sorted()

In [5]: print('python')
print([10,20,30])

python
[10, 20, 30]

In [7]: type('python'),type([10])

Out[7]: (str, list)

In [ ]: min()
max()
len()
type()
print()

In [ ]: str1='python'
#sorted(iterable, /, *, key=None, reverse=False)
sorted('python') # works
sorted(iterable='python') # notworks

In [9]: str1='python'
sorted('python')
# by default ascending order
# there is a possibility i can make descending order

Out[9]: ['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']

In [11]: str1='python'
print(sorted('python')) # ascending
print(sorted('python',reverse=True)) # descening

['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']

['y', 't', 'p', 'o', 'n', 'h']

reversed
In [15]: str1='python'
reversed(str1)

Out[15]: <reversed at 0x243530b02e0>

In [19]: # for loop

str1='python123'
ans=reversed(str1)
for i in ans:
print(i)

3
2
1
n
o
h
t
y
p

In [21]: str1='python123'
# list type cast
list(reversed(str1)) # int() eval()

Out[21]: ['3', '2', '1', 'n', 'o', 'h', 't', 'y', 'p']

In [ ]: 5am
6am to 7.15am
7.30am to 9am
9am to 10.30am : login
10.30 to 12pm : attend
12.30 -- 1pm : class upload
1pm to 1.30pm
1.30pm to 5pm office
5.30pm to 7pm : class
7pm to 8.30pm : class
9pm
9pm to 10pm 12am 1am

In [ ]: type()
len()
print()
min()
max()
sum()
reversed()
sorted()

# l=[10,20,30,40,50]
# l=['Apple','Ball','Cat']
# l=[10,20,30,40,'Apple','Ball','Cat']

Conactenation

In [ ]: str1='hello'
str2='good morning'
str1+str2
 str1*str2
str1-str2
str1/str2

In [24]: str1='hello'
str2='good morning'
str1+str2

Out[24]: 'hellogood morning'

In [26]: str1-str2

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[26], line 1
----> 1 str1-str2

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'str' and 'str'

In [28]: str1/str2

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[28], line 1
----> 1 str1/str2

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'

In [30]: str1*str2

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[30], line 1
----> 1 str1*str2

TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'

In [ ]: TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'str' and 'str' # -

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str' # /
TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str' # *

In [32]: str1='hello'
str1*2 # can multiply sequence by int

Out[32]: 'hellohello'

In [ ]: 2*2: 2+2
'hello'*2 = 'hello'+'hello'

index

In [35]: str1='python'

In [ ]: -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
p y t h o n
0 1 2 3 4 5
 index is used to access the letters

in python method or function means ()

in python access anything indicates by []

In [48]: str1='python'
str1[0],str1[1],str1[2],str1[3],str1[4],str1[5]

Out[48]: ('p', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n')

In [50]: str1[6] # there is no letter asscociated with that number

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
IndexError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[50], line 1
----> 1 str1[6]

IndexError: string index out of range

In [ ]: str1='python'
str1[0]
str1[1]
str1[2]
str1[3]
str1[4]
str1[5]

str1[i] i in range(0,6)

In [56]: # -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
# p y t h o n
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
# 0 to -6
# 1 to -5
# 2 to -4
# i to i-6
# 0 to 0-6
# 1 to 1-6
for i in range(0,6):
print(i,str1[i],i-6)

0 p -6
1 y -5
2 t -4
3 h -3
4 o -2
5 n -1

In [64]: str1='python hai'

n=len(str1)
for i in range(n):
print(i,str1[i],i-n)
 0 p -10
1 y -9
2 t -8
3 h -7
4 o -6
5 n -5
6 -4
7 h -3
8 a -2
9 i -1

In [68]: str1='python'
for i in range(len(str1)):
print(str1[i])

p
y
t
h
o
n

In [70]: str1='python'
for i in str1:
print(i)

p
y
t
h
o
n

we are access the letters in two ways

1.using index

index means number

number means range

access through index str1[i]

i means index str1[i] letter

2.Direct access

i in str1

where i indicates direct access the letters

In [ ]: # wap ask the user find the number of 'a' in a given string
# str1='ola ola ola' ans=3

# wap ask the user find the indexes of 'a' in a given string
# str1='ola ola ola' 2 6 10

# wap ask the user find the sum of the indexes of 'a' in a given string
 # str1='ola ola ola' 2 +6 +10=18

# wap ask the user find the vowels in a given string

# str1='ola ola ola' o a o a o a

# wap ask the user find the non repated vowels

# str1='ola ola ola' o a

In [75]: # wap ask the user find the number of 'a' in a given string
# str1='ola ola ola' ans=3
str1='ola ola ola'
count=0
for i in str1:
if i=='a':
count=count+1
count

Out[75]: 3

In [81]: str1='ola ola ola'

count=0
for i in range(len(str1)):
if str1[i]=='a':
print(i,str1[i])
count=count+1
count

2 a
6 a
10 a
Out[81]: 3

In [83]: str1='ola ola ola'

count=0
summ=0
for i in range(len(str1)):
if str1[i]=='a':
print(i,str1[i])
count=count+1
summ=summ+i
count,summ

2 a
6 a
10 a
Out[83]: (3, 18)

In [9]: # wap ask the user find the vowels in a given string
# str1='ola ola ola' o a o a o a

str1='ola ola ola'

# 'aeiou' anything can be match
for i in str1:
if i=='a' or i=='e' or i=='i' or i=='o' or i=='u':
print(i)
 o
a
o
a
o
a

In [13]: str1='ola ola ola'

s='aeiou'
for i in str1:
if i in s:
print(i)
# i=='a' or i=='e' or i=='i' or i=='o' or i=='u' ====> i in 'aeiou'

o
a
o
a
o
a

In [17]: # wap ask the user find the repated vowels

# str1='ola ola ola'

str1='ola ola ola'

s='aeiou'
s1=''
for i in str1:
if i in s and i not in s1:
print(i)
s1=s1+i
# i='o' 'o' in 'aeiou' 'o' not in '' s=''+'0'='o'
# i='o' if 'o' in 'aeiou' 'o' not in

o
a

Mutable-Immutable

Mutable : Change the letters by using index operations

Immutable : No Change by using index operations

In [22]: str1='welcome' # ====> 'weLcome'

str1[2]='L'

# strings are immutabl in nature

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[22], line 2
1 str1='welcome' # ====> 'weLcome'
----> 2 str1[2]='L'

TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

In [27]: l=[10,20,30,40]
l[2]=300
l
Out[27]: [10, 20, 300, 40]

Slice

Get the substring using index

it is similar to Range in for loop

in range we have start,stop,step

here also we have start:stop:step

range is a function (start,stop,step)

index means access we need [start:stop:step]

In [ ]: # -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

# h a i h o w a r e y o u
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

In [30]: str1='hai how are you'

# postive step stop=last-1
# negative step stop=last+1
str1[2:12]

Out[30]: 'i how are '

In [32]: str1='hai how are you'

str1[2:12:2]

Out[32]: 'ihwae'

In [34]: # -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

# h a i h o w a r e y o u
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

str1='hai how are you'

str1[2:12:-2]

Out[34]: ''

In [38]: # -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

# h a i h o w a r e y o u
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

str1='hai how are you'

str1[12:2:-2]
# str1[start:stop:step]
# direction will provide step value
# step= -2 ====> neagtive
# start=12 last=stop+1=2+1=3

Out[38]: 'yeawh'

In [52]: # -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

# h a i h o w a r e y o u
 # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

str1='hai how are you'

str1[2:-2:2]
str1[-3:2:-2]

Out[52]: 'yeawh'

In [54]: for i in range(-3,2,-2):

print(i)
# im at 12
# -2 is my back side
# my code says 2 go front side

In [ ]: # -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

# h a i h o w a r e y o u
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

str1='hai how are you'

range(13,-11,-2) # p
str1[13:-11:-2] # p

In [ ]: # -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

# h a i h o w a r e y o u
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

str1='hai how are you'

range(-11,13,-2) # np
str1[4:-4:2] # p

In [66]: # -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

# h a i h o w a r e y o u
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

str1='hai how are you'

str1[:10] # str1[start:stop] 0 to 9
str1[10:] # 10 to last
str1[:] # str1[start:stop]
str1[::] # str1[start:stop:step]
str1[::-1] # str1[stat:stop:-1]
str1[10:100]

Out[66]: 'e you'

In [ ]: - intilaization

- inbuilt : type print len min max sum sorted reversed

- concat

- index : for loop range vs in

- mutable vs immutable ----> we already seen

- slice

In [ ]: str1='python'
list1=[10,20,30,40,50,60]
 list2=['A','B','C','D']
list3=[10,20,30,40,50,60,'A','B','C','D']

len(list1)
len(list2)
len(list3)

sum(list1),sum(list2),sum(list3)
max(list1),max(list2),max(list3)
min(list1),min(list2),min(list3)
sorted(list1),sorted(list2),sorted(list3)
reversed(list1),reversed(list2),reversed(list3)
list1+list2
for i in list1:
print(i)

In [68]: list1=[10,20,30,40,50,60]
list2=['A','B','C','D']
list3=[10,20,30,40,50,60,'A','B','C','D']

len(list1)
str1='python'
len(str1)

Out[68]: 6

In [ ]: sum('python')
sum(['p','y','t','h','o','n'])

max([10,'A']) # error
sorted([10,'A']) # comaprining two diff data types

Methods

In [ ]: type()
print()
min()
max()
sorted()
reversed() these all are inbuilt functions
this not only for string
other data types list

In [ ]: strings will have string methods applicable only strings

list will have only list methods only applicable only list

In [4]: import random

random.randint(1,10)
dir(random)

Out[4]: 2

In [6]: dir('')
dir('python')
str1='hello'
dir(str1)
Out[6]: ['__add__',
'__class__',
'__contains__',
'__delattr__',
'__dir__',
'__doc__',
'__eq__',
'__format__',
'__ge__',
'__getattribute__',
'__getitem__',
'__getnewargs__',
'__getstate__',
'__gt__',
'__hash__',
'__init__',
'__init_subclass__',
'__iter__',
'__le__',
'__len__',
'__lt__',
'__mod__',
'__mul__',
'__ne__',
'__new__',
'__reduce__',
'__reduce_ex__',
'__repr__',
'__rmod__',
'__rmul__',
'__setattr__',
'__sizeof__',
'__str__',
'__subclasshook__',
'capitalize',
'casefold',
'center',
'count',
'encode',
'endswith',
'expandtabs',
'find',
'format',
'format_map',
'index',
'isalnum',
'isalpha',
'isascii',
'isdecimal',
'isdigit',
'isidentifier',
'islower',
'isnumeric',
'isprintable',
'isspace',
'istitle',
'isupper',
'join',
'ljust',
'lower',
 'lstrip',
'maketrans',
'partition',
'removeprefix',
'removesuffix',
'replace',
'rfind',
'rindex',
'rjust',
'rpartition',
'rsplit',
'rstrip',
'split',
'splitlines',
'startswith',
'strip',
'swapcase',
'title',
'translate',
'upper',
'zfill']

In [ ]: import random str1='python'

dir(random) dir(str1)
# methods methods
random.randint() str1.<meth>

upper

In [9]: str1='python'
str1.upper()

Out[9]: 'PYTHON'

lower

title

capitalize

center

startswith/endswith

lstrip/rstrip/strip

In [12]: str1='HAI How are you'

str1.lower()

Out[12]: 'hai how are you'

In [14]: str1='HAI How are you'

str1.title()

Out[14]: 'Hai How Are You'

In [16]: str1='HAI How are you'
str1.capitalize()

Out[16]: 'Hai how are you'

shift+tab mandatory observe any araguments also read doc string

In [27]: str1='python' # 6
# str1.center(width, fillchar=' ', /)
str2=str1.center(10,'*')
str2,len(str2)

Out[27]: ('**python**', 10)

In [ ]: str1.upper() # upper(str1) X
str1.lower() # lower(str1) X
str1.title() # title(str1) X
str1.capitalize()
str1.center(10,'*')

In [ ]: 'python'.upper() # upper(str1) X
'PYTHON'.lower() # lower(str1) X
'hai How Are you'.title() # title(str1) X
'hai how are you'.capitalize()
'python'.center(10,'*')

In [29]: 'python'.center(6,'*')

Out[29]: 'python'

startswith

In [54]: str1='hai how are you'

#str1.startswith(prefix,start,end)
str1.startswith('hai how are you')
str1.startswith(str1)

Out[54]: True

In [62]: #h a i h o w a r e y o u
#0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
str1='hai how are you'
##str1.startswith(prefix,start,end)
str1.startswith('h') # 'hai how are you'
str1.startswith('h',4) # 'how are you'
str1.startswith('o',4,10) # 'how ar'

Out[62]: False

In [ ]: str1='hai how are you'

##str1.endswith(prefix,start,end)
str1.endswith('h') # 'hai how are you'
str1.endswith('u',4) # 'how are you'
str1.endswith('r',4,10) # 'how ar'
In [64]: str1.endswith('r',4,10) # 'how ar'

# we need to focus on 4 to 10 str1[4:10] : how ar

Out[64]: True

In [72]: #h a i h o w a r e y o u
#0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
str1='hai how are you'
#str1.endswith(suffix,start,end)
str1.endswith('u',4) # str1[4:] : how are you
str1.endswith('o',4,10) # str1[4:10] : how ar

Out[72]: False

In [ ]: ends with 4 index

starts from 4th index

strip

In [77]: str1=' hai how are you'

str1.strip()

Out[77]: 'hai how are you'

In [79]: str1='hai how are you '

str1.strip()

Out[79]: 'hai how are you'

In [81]: str1=' hai how are you '

str1.strip()

Out[81]: 'hai how are you'

In [89]: str1='***hai how are you '

str1.strip().strip('*')

Out[89]: 'hai how are you'

In [91]: str1='hai how *** are you'

str1.split()

Out[91]: ['hai', 'how', '***', 'are', 'you']

In [ ]: #regex operations nlp

count

In [94]: str1='ola ola ola'

# how many 'a' are avaialble
c=0
for i in str1:
if i=='a':
c=c+1
print(c)
 3

In [96]: str1='ola ola ola'

#str1.count(sub,start,end)
str1.count('a')

Out[96]: 3

In [98]: str1='hai how are you'

str1.title()

Out[98]: 'Hai How Are You'

In [100… sorted('python')

Out[100… ['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']

In [106… str1='ola ola ola'

#str1.count(sub,start,end)
str1.count('a')
str1.count('a',3) # str1[3:]
str1.count('a',3,5) # str1[3:5] = ' o'
str1.count('z')

Out[106… 0

In [112… str1='ola ola ola'

str1.count('ola ola')

Out[112… 1

In [114… str1.count('ola')

Out[114… 3

In [122… str1='ola ola ola'

# how many 'a' are avaialble
count=0
for i in range(len(str1)):
#print(i,str1[i:i+3])
if str1[i:i+3]=='ola':
count=count+1
print(count)

Upper/Lower/Casefold

title/capitalize

lstrip/rstrip/strip (which char we want to strip)

startswith/endswith (char,start,end)

count (sub,start,end)

replace
 we already know strings are immutable

which means we can not make charcter assign based on index

which means we can not replace or modify a charcter

so the same operation we can do with replace method

In [6]: str1='welcome'
# output : 'weLcome'
#str1.replace(old, new, count=-1)
str1.replace('l','L')

Out[6]: 'weLcome'

In [8]: # Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
str1='welcome welcome'
str1.replace('l','L')

Out[8]: 'weLcome weLcome'

In [12]: str1='welcome welcome'

str1.replace('l','L',1)

Out[12]: 'weLcome welcome'

In [ ]: str1='welcome'
str1.replace('l','L')
str1='welcome welcome'
str1.replace('l','L')
str1='welcome welcome'
str1.replace('l','L',1)

In [14]: str1='welcome'
str1.replace('z','L')

Out[14]: 'welcome'

In [18]: str1='welcome welcome'

str1.replace('l','L',1)

Out[18]: 'weLcome welcome'

In [20]: 'welcome weLcome'

Out[20]: 'welcome weLcome'

In [30]: str1='welcome welcome welcome'

#'welcome welcome weLcome'
str1.replace("l","L").replace("L","l",2) # okay i like this

Out[30]: 'welcome welcome weLcome'

In [38]: str1='welcome welcome welcome'
str1[::-1].replace('l','L',1)[::-1]

Out[38]: 'welcome welcome weLcome'

In [42]: str1='ola ola ola'

# when i say second 'l' means
# human eyes will search second 'l' from which index
# o l a o l a
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
str1.replace('l','L',1)

Out[42]: 'oLa ola ola'

In [50]: ##### SLICE === REPLACE === Conactenation ######

s='ola ola' # trigger 'l'
s1=s[:2] #'ol '
s2=s[2:] #'a ola'
s3=s2.replace('l','L')
s4=s1+s3
s1,s2,s3,s4

Out[50]: ('ol', 'a ola', 'a oLa', 'ola oLa')

In [56]: s='ola ola ola'

s1=s[:6]
s2=s[6:].replace('l','L')
s1+s3

Out[56]: 'ola ola oLa'

In [58]: s='ola ola ola ola'

s1=s[:10]
s2=s[10:].replace('l','L')
s1+s3

Out[58]: 'ola ola ola oLa'

In [60]: s='ola ola' # index =2

s='ola ola ola' # index=6
s='ola ola ola ola' # index=10

# as letters increases we are manually counting

# always remeber a human being doing hard stuff
# there is an alternative method is available

index-find

In [63]: s='ola ola'

# s.index(sub,start,end)
s.index('l')

Out[63]: 1

In [69]: s='ola ola ola ola'

i1=s.index('l') # first 'l' avaibale at index 1 1
i2=s.index('l',2) # second 'l' i need to search from 2 =5
 i3=s.index('l',6) #
s.index('l',10)

Out[69]: 13

In [71]: s='ola ola ola ola ola'

i1=s.index('l') # 1
i2=s.index('l',2) # 5
i3=s.index('l',6) # 9
i4=s.index('l',10) # 13
i5=s.index('l',14)

Out[71]: 13

In [ ]: s='ola ola ola ola ola'

i1=s.index('l') # 1
i2=s.index('l',i1+1) # 5
i3=s.index('l',i2+1) # 9
i4=s.index('l',i3+1) # 13
i5=s.index('l',i4+1)

In [73]: s='ola ola ola ola'

n=s.count('l')
print(n)

In [75]: s='ola ola ola ola'

i1=s.index('l')
i2=s.index('l',i1+1)
i3=s.index('l',i2+1)
s1=s[:i3+1] # 3 'l' 3rd index+1
s2=s[i3+1:].replace('l','L')
s1+s3

Out[75]: 'ola ola ola oLa'

In [ ]:
i3=s.index('l',s.index('l',s.index('l') +1) +1)

In [79]: s='ola ola ola ola ola'

i1=s.index('l')
i2=s.index('l',i1+1)
i3=s.index('l',i2+1)
i4=s.index('l',i3+1)
i5=s.index('l',i4+1)
i6=s.index('l',i5+1)
i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[79], line 7
5 i4=s.index('l',i3+1)
6 i5=s.index('l',i4+1)
----> 7 i6=s.index('l',i5+1)
8 i1,i2,i3,i4,i5

ValueError: substring not found

In [81]: s='ola ola ola ola ola'
i1=s.find('l')
i2=s.find('l',i1+1)
i3=s.find('l',i2+1)
i4=s.find('l',i3+1)
i5=s.find('l',i4+1)
i6=s.find('l',i5+1)
i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6

Out[81]: (1, 5, 9, 13, 17, -1)

In [91]: s1='[email protected]'
s2='[email protected]'
s3='[email protected]'

first=s1.index('.')
secont=s1.index('.',first+1)
at=s1.index('@')
fname=s1[:first]
sname=s1[first+1:at]
cname=s1[at+1:secont]
cname

Out[91]: 'rcb'

In [93]: dir('')
Out[93]: ['__add__',
'__class__',
'__contains__',
'__delattr__',
'__dir__',
'__doc__',
'__eq__',
'__format__',
'__ge__',
'__getattribute__',
'__getitem__',
'__getnewargs__',
'__getstate__',
'__gt__',
'__hash__',
'__init__',
'__init_subclass__',
'__iter__',
'__le__',
'__len__',
'__lt__',
'__mod__',
'__mul__',
'__ne__',
'__new__',
'__reduce__',
'__reduce_ex__',
'__repr__',
'__rmod__',
'__rmul__',
'__setattr__',
'__sizeof__',
'__str__',
'__subclasshook__',
'capitalize',
'casefold',
'center',
'count',
'encode',
'endswith',
'expandtabs',
'find',
'format',
'format_map',
'index',
'isalnum',
'isalpha',
'isascii',
'isdecimal',
'isdigit',
'isidentifier',
'islower',
'isnumeric',
'isprintable',
'isspace',
'istitle',
'isupper',
'join',
'ljust',
'lower',
 'lstrip',
'maketrans',
'partition',
'removeprefix',
'removesuffix',
'replace',
'rfind',
'rindex',
'rjust',
'rpartition',
'rsplit',
'rstrip',
'split',
'splitlines',
'startswith',
'strip',
'swapcase',
'title',
'translate',
'upper',
'zfill']

In [ ]: 'isalnum',
'isalpha',
'isascii',
'isdecimal',
'isdigit',
'isidentifier',
'islower',
'isnumeric',
'isprintable',
'isspace',
'istitle',
'isupper',

In [97]: 'Python'.istitle()

Out[97]: True

In [ ]: