Name Social Structure Community Institution Culture Status Role Group Marriage Family Name
MacIver Marked by some Pursuing specific (& Page) A social position Collection of human (& Page) sex MacIver
degree of interest expression of our beings relationship
coherence (& Page) nature
Established forms of
conditions
Lundberg Human population Social mechanisms Comparative Pattern of expected Consists of rules Lundberg
in limited geo. area of behaviour amount of prestige behaviour and regulations
Kingsley Davis Smallest territorial Complexes of Position in general Carries out Based on Kingsley Davis
GROUP norms institutional system requirement of consanguinity
folkways, mores, position
laws
Ogburn & Nimkoff Total organization Rank or position in Social expected & More or less Ogburn & Nimkoff
of social life a group APPROVED durable
behaviour pattern ASSOCIATION
Ralph Linton Collection of ideas Position in a Dynamic aspect of Ralph Linton
and habits particular system status
Bogardus We feeling & living Organised to meet All the way of doing Common object of Bogardus
in a given area needs of people & thinking attention
Morris Ginsberg Social organisations Relations b/w social Grouping of Morris Ginsberg
i.e. type of groups, beings & external relations
associations & object
institutions
Sumner Net of folkways Miniature, Sumner
Including at least
two generations
Malinowski Handiwork of man Contract for Malinowski
production and
maintenance
Edmund Leach Bundle of rights Edmund Leach
Talcott Parsons Territorial AREA Limits of Talcott Parsons
institutional
cohesion
J Raymond Firth No distinction Accumulated J Raymond Firth
ephemeral & most resources
enduring material & non-
material
Radcliffe Brown Concrete reality Arrangement of Radcliffe Brown
existing relations structure
SF Nadel Ordered SF Nadel
arrangement of
parts
Louis Wirth Expression Louis Wirth
emphasizes unity
W. Hamilton Group procedures W. Hamilton
H Gouldner Standardized & H Gouldner
society’s problems
Gillin & Gillin Functional
configuration of
culture pattern
Robert Redfield Organised body of Robert Redfield
conventional
understanding
EB Tyler Knowledge, belief, EB Tyler
art, morals, law,
customs
Bidney Artifacts, agrofacts, Bidney
sociofacts,
mentifacts
Clyde Kluckohn Blueprint of all lives Clyde Kluckohn
Bierstedt Complex whole of Bierstedt
everything
Herskovits Man-made part of Herskovits
society
Robert Lowie Sum total of what Robert Lowie
an individual
acquires
Arnold Green One more interests Arnold Green
and activities
Merrill Communication Merrill
over appreciable
Bottomore Aggregate of Bottomore
individuals
Sheriff & Sheriff Definite & role Sheriff & Sheriff
relationships
Edward Durable Edward
Westermark CONNECTION Westermark
Hoebel Control relations of Hoebel
mated pair
Horton & Hunt Approved social Horton & Hunt
pattern
H.M. Johnson Stable relationship H.M. Johnson
HT Mazumdar Secondary HT Mazumdar
institution derived
by society
GP Murdock Common GP Murdock
residence,
economic
cooperation &
reproduction
Burgess & Locke Persons united by Burgess & Locke
ties
सस ससस ससस
सससस
Elliot & Merrill Biological social Elliot & Merrill
unit
R. Briffault Social Promiscuity R. Briffault
Stratification Socialisation Religion Social Change Society
Williams Superiority-
inferiority-equality
Raymond W Murray Horizontal division
into “higher” and
“lower”
Melvin M Tumin Power, position,
social evaluation
and psychic
gratification
Ogburn & Nimkoff Enduring hierarchy Attitude towards
of status superhuman
powers
Lundberg “lower” and Individual learns Established patterns
“higher” habits, skills, beliefs of human
relationships
Horton & Hunt Internalises norms
of his group
Green Acquires cultural Governed by faith
content rather than
knowledge
Peter Worsley Transmission of
culture
H.M. Johnson Enables learner to Coherent system
perform social roles
Durkheim Unified system of
beliefs and
practices
E.B. Tyler The belief in
spiritual beings
J.M. Frazer Powers superior to
man
Malinowski Sociological
phenomenon as
well as personal
experience
MacIver Man and higher (& Page) change in System of usages &
power these relationships procedures,
authority & mutual
aid (&Page)
Kingsley Davis Alterations as occur
in social
organisations
Ginsberg Composition or Collection of
balance of its parts individuals
Merrill & Eldridge Immediate
forefathers
Gillin & Gillin Variations from the
accepted
H.T. Mazumdar New fashion or
mode
M.D. Jenson Doing and thinking
Jones Social process,
social pattern, social
interaction
Anderson & Parker Functioning of social
forms
S. Koenig Modifications in life
patterns
CH Cooley Complex form of
processes
Giddings Union in itself
Lapiere Complex patterns of
norms of
interaction
