Natural Language Processing in Healthcare Records: A Clinical
Text Mining Study
1st Mishba Shaik
CS(AIML), Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi
example1@[Link]
2nd Divyashree Dilip Kammar
CS(AIML), Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi
example2@[Link]
3rd Kartik L Raikar
CS(AIML), Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi
kartikraikar2005@[Link]
4th K Suma
CS(AIML), Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi
example4@[Link]
Abstract Entity Recognition (NER) and relation extraction. Tools like
NegEx and cTAKES have also enhanced negation detection
The digitization of healthcare has led to an explosion of data, and clinical concept mapping.
much of it stored in unstructured formats such as clinical
notes, discharge summaries, and physician reports. Natu-
ral Language Processing (NLP) offers a transformative ap- 3. Methodology
proach to extracting, classifying, and summarizing this in-
formation to improve clinical decision-making. This pa- • Dataset: Clinical notes, discharge summaries, and
per explores the implementation of an NLP pipeline tailored pathology reports from simulated EHR datasets.
for Electronic Health Records (EHRs), leveraging tools like • Preprocessing: OCR, tokenization, normalization,
BioBERT and spaCy. We evaluate the system using preci- NER, and relation extraction.
sion, recall, F1-score, and clinician feedback, revealing ef- • Models Used: BioBERT, PubMedBERT, GPT-based
ficiency gains, accuracy improvements, and workflow en- summarizers.
hancements, while identifying challenges related to model • Evaluation Metrics: Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-
bias, privacy, and integration. score. Secondary metrics include clinician satisfaction
and time saved.
1. Introduction
Healthcare records contain vast amounts of data, but over 4. Results and Discussion
80% of it is unstructured, making it difficult to analyze. Doc-
tors face time constraints and cognitive overload when re- NLP models tailored for medical text achieved up to 95%
viewing detailed patient histories. NLP, a subset of AI, en- accuracy in clinical entity recognition. Summarization re-
ables machines to process and understand human language, duced record review time by 31%, and clinicians reported
offering solutions like text summarization, sentiment analy- improved decision-making. However, integration challenges
sis, and clinical concept extraction to make healthcare data remain, including data privacy, model interpretability, and
more usable. EHR compatibility.
2. Related Work
5. Conclusion
Previous work has explored the use of generic NLP models
for processing medical data, but with limited success due to NLP has immense potential to improve healthcare delivery.
the specialized vocabulary and abbreviations in clinical text. Domain-specific models can convert unstructured text into
Domain-specific models like ClinicalBERT, MedBERT, and actionable insights. Future work should address generaliz-
BioBERT have significantly improved outcomes in Named ability, annotated dataset expansion, and explainable AI.
1
6. References
1. McNicholas et al., 2025 - Natural Language Processing
in Critical Care.
2. Kondra et al., 2024 - Unlocking the Power of Clinical
Notes.
3. Altinok, 2024 - Evaluating Clinical Inference Capabil-
ities.
4. Giordano et al., 2015 - NLP Summarization of Medical
Records.
5. Han et al., 2019 - NLP-Driven Medical Information Ex-
traction.
