EXTENT OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES USAGE FOR EFFECTIVE

RESEARCH AMONG POSTGRADUATES STUDENTS IN THE FACULTY

OF EDUCATION, NIGER DELTA UNIVERSITY, WILBERFORCE ISLAND,
BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA.

BY

ADIRE Blessing Naten

UG/21/0835

DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

FACULTY OF EDUCATION
NIGER DELTA UNIVERSITY
WILBERFORCE ISLAND
BAYELSA STATE

August, 2025.

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2
EXTENT OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES USAGE FOR EFFECTIVE RESEARCH
AMONG POSTGRADUATES STUDENTS IN THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION,
NIGER DELTA UNIVERSITY, WILBERFORCE ISLAND, BAYELSA STATE,
NIGERIA.

BY

ADIRE Blessing Naten

UG/21/0835

A Research Project Submitted to the Department of Library and

Information Science, Faculty of Education, In Partial Fulfilment of the
Requirements for the Award of Bachelor of Education (BLIS) Degree in
Library and Information Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce
Island, Bayelsa State

August, 2025.

3
 DECLARATION

I, ADIRE Blessing Naten with the Matriculation number UG/21/0835 do hereby declare that

the research project titled " Extent of Internet Technologies Usage for Effective Research

Among Postgraduates Students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University,

Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria presented here is the original work written by me

and has not been presented in part or in full in this or any other university.

Adire Blessing Naten ..................... ......................

Name of student Signature. Date

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this research on Extent of Internet Technologies Usage for Effective

Research Among Postgraduates Students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University,

Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria was carried out by Adire Blessing Naten with

Matriculation number UG/21/0835 in the Department of Library and Information Science,

Faculty of Education, in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of a BLIS

Degree of Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State.

Prof. Pereware A. Tiemo .................................... ................................

Supervisor Signature Date

Dr Bribena E. I ....................................... ..............................

Head of Department Signature Date

Dr. C. E Bedford .................................. .....................................

Department Project Coordinator Signature Date

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 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to the Almighty God who has given me the grace and ability to

successfully complete this course of study.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to express my profound gratitude and appreciation to God Almighty whom

by His grace I was able to write this project successfully. I wish to express my sincere thanks

to my project supervisor Prof. Pereware Tiemo for his criticism and corrections made on this

project. His contribution made it a huge success, thank yon sir, I won’t fail to acknowledge

my Head of Department, Dr, Bribena E. I and other lecturers in the Department of Library

and Information Science for their contribution toward my academic pursuit. I say a Big

thank you to all my lecturers in the Department of Library and Information Science. This

also includes all serving Lectures from other departments for the role they played as a

teacher to me and other students to see that we successfully completed our programme.

My unreserved thanks goes to my beloved parents, Mr. and Mrs…………

for their love, care, support and financial assistance given to me although. Also to my

siblings; ……………..for their prayers, love and support. May God bless you richly.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page

Logo Page

Title Page i

Declaration Page ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgments v

Table of Contents vi

List of Tables vii

Abstract viiii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Purpose of the Study

1.4 Research Questions

1.5 Significance of the Study

1.6 Scope of the Study

17 Operational Definition of Terms

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
13 Purpose of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope of the Study.

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1.7 Operational Definition of Terms.

CHAPTER TW0: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Conceptual Review
Internet technologies
Extent of Usage
Postgraduate student
2.2 Theoretical Review
Uses and Gratification Theory

2.3 Review of Related Literature

Types internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
Internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
Challenges of internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
Proffer solutions to enhance the use internet technologies usage among postgraduate

2.4 Empirical Evidence

Types internet technologies usage among postgraduate students

Internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
Challenges of internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
Proffer solutions to enhance the use internet technologies usage among postgraduate

2.5 Appraisal Literature

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS

3.1 Research Design.
3.2 Population of the study.
3.3 Sample and sampling Techniques.
3.4 Instrument for Data Collection
3.5 Validity of the Instrument.
3.6 Reliability of the Instrument.
3.7 Administration of the Instrument
3.8 Method of Data Analysis.

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CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1 Test of Research Questions

4.2 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Educational Implications of the Study
5.4 Contribution to Knowledge
5.5 Recommendations
5.6 Limitations of the study
5.7 Suggestions for Further Research
References
Questionnaire

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 ABSTRACT

This study focus on the Extent of Internet Technologies Usage for Effective Research
Among Postgraduates Students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University,
Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Four objectives were formulated and four
research questions were raised to guide the study. The descriptive survey method was
applied. The population consist of ….. postgraduate students in all the departments offering
postgraduate programmes in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce
Island, Bayelsa State. The sample size for the study is…….postgraduate students. The
purposive sample techniques was used.

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

Postgraduate students undertake postgraduate studies for the purpose of enhancing their
career or educational status. Some postgraduate students pursue higher degrees as job
requirement condition. Thus, their continued existence and upgrade in their job is predicated
on the possession of higher degrees. It is a general rule to have completed a bachelor’s degree
or its equivalents before pursuing a postgraduate degree. The postgraduate student undertakes
a scholarly research journey under the supervisory guidance of a very senior academic in a
particular department. The main role of the supervisor is to provide advice at every stage of
the research (Agu & Oluwatayo, 2013). Research is a major component of postgraduate
education. Postgraduate research activities are facilitated by a variety of information and
communication technologies (ICT) information resources and services, this include the
internet technologies such as social media, podcasts, video conferencing, multimedia, email
etc. Internet has emerged as a powerful educational tool. With the increasing impact
According to Reitz (2020) the advent of Information and Communication Technology and
Internet Technology has brought about the development of online information resources
services and information and communication technologies on higher education that will help
in modernizing the process of teaching, learning and research. With the advent of the Internet
learner and teacher no longer dependent on physical information resources, neither do the
learners depend on their teachers only for materials. As the world continues to experience
technological advancements and growth at a rapid rate, changes in how taking place and
bring brighter experienced in very all aspects of life.
Globally, and particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, Internet technologies
usage has been rising quickly in over the years. This technologies has reshaped the tertiary
educational settings in terms of improving academic teaching and learning (Apuke & Iyendo,
2018). The use of the Internet technologies at tertiary institutions has accelerated academic
advancement and research, as well as encouraged students of all categories to take part in
online learning, exchanging research findings, better and faster communication system
regarding your geographical location (Hussain, 2012). The Internet technologies provides a
vital platform for research and a variety of other uses, including entertainment, it is widely
used in higher education environment. There is a huge quantity of educational information
resources and services available round the clock, and students can easily access these

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information resources and services to help with their academic activities (Alshammari, 2014).
The Internet technologies has given us access to an endless supply of information resources
and services and is an essential tool for teaching, researching, and learning. Hundreds of
millions of students worldwide have access to endless of information resources at the same
time (Kumar & Kaur, 2006). Furthermore, the Internet offers students the possibility to
acquire knowledge without time and space constraints. It is an excellent academic resource
and contains wealth of useful, easily accessible information for students of higher education
in all disciplines across the globe. It is a functional tool that has immensely changed the way
students interact with others and shared information with respect to their studies. The Internet
is used by students to accomplish a range of academic related activities: prepare course
assignments, prepare study notes, conduct self-tutorial with specialized multimedia, research
activities, exchange emails with lecturers, peers, and remote experts and access.
The Internet is acknowledged worldwide as a technology dominated by young people,
and particularly undergraduates who are more inclined to exploit Internet resources for
education, social interaction and entertainment. Smith, Hoderi and Mcdermott (2019) noted
that Internet provides a medium of communication that has extended the potential of libraries'
interaction beyond physical library to users, colleagues and other professional activities and
relationship with library users. However, the use of these Internet resources was therefore
studied by several researchers across the globe and Nigeria inclusive. Bankole and Oludayo
(2012) maintained that universities universally made a lot of investment on the provision of
Internet access because it saves time in the production and utilization of knowledge. It also
promotes multi-disciplinary research, fosters cooperation, and facilitates information sharing
and exchange of ideas among researchers from various institutions, nations or regions.
Ogunjobi and Fagbami (2012) confirmed that Internet resources and services enable
undergraduates and lecturers to update their knowledge, prepare up-to-date lecture notes,
download free e-books and e-journals, use e-mail for communication and collaboration with
colleagues. Through the use of the Internet resources and services, undergraduates keep up to
date with research and development in their fields of study, bringing them fame, recognition
and improving their institutional ranking. Ukpebor (2011) surveyed Internet resources and
services utilization by lecturers and students in engineering faculties in Edo State Nigeria.
The study showed that both undergraduates and lecturers were encouraged to utilize Internet
resources and services despite inadequate infrastructural facilities. This means that both
academics and students are making effective use of the available Internet resources and
services to carry out their academic activities. Similarly, Aqil and Ahmed (2011) provided

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the following as the Internet resources use for academic activities, they include e-books, e-
journals and online databases while Internet services include, e-mail, Mailing list, News
group, and Telnet. Provision of current, relevant and reliable information from these
resources is a major reason indicated for their utilization. According to Bukky (2006) the
internet technologies is an academic research tools that has contributed significantly to
sharing of knowledge, scholarly communication and many more opportunities open to it. The
internet provide several academic work, it is a mechanism for retrieving and disseminating
information which makes it a live moving borderless technologies. One of the basic function
of education is to prepare students irrespective of their programme for their life endeavours.
This function, in this 21st century is propelled by technology driven, to achieve innovations,
effective research and development that will improve the teaching and learning materials
used among students in universities.
Zhang (2021) stated that there have been increase in the use of the internet technologies
world wide among students and this increase has positively affected their academic
performance, similarly, Bashair (2016) stated that many postgraduate student use the internet
technologies to prepare assignments, make study notes, tutor themselves and also process
data for research findings.
Thus, this study seeks to find out the extent of Internet technologies usage for
effective research among postgraduates students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta
University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

1.2 Problem of Statement.

The majority of education institutions in Nigeria offer staff and students access to the
Internet technologies in their various campuses. The use of the Internet technologies in higher
education has improved the educational system and made a variety of information resources
and services more accessible for teaching and learning. Even though the Internet technologies
has many disadvantages and benefits for the educational system, postgraduate students
nevertheless face several difficulties in accessing and using it. It has been observed that many
students still experience some difficulties when using Internet technologies resources for
academic learning and teaching. The inability of postgraduate students to use the available
internet technologies and the difficulties they go through when accessing the internet
technologies for their research is worrisome and this causes a delay in their research writing.
This problems may be as a result of lack of usage of the internet technologies resources and
services among the postgraduate students. These difficulties also include inadequate

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computer systems, inadequate Internet access, an epileptic power supply, etc. Therefore, this
study looked at the extent of postgraduate students usage of Internet technologies and the
difficulties they faced when using it for learning and research. The work seeks to proffer
problems.

1.3 Objective of the study.

This study focus on the extent of Internet technologies usage for effective research among
postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce
Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study aims to:

1. To investigate the various types of internet technologies used for effective research for
among postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University,
Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2. To determine extent of internet technologies usage among postgraduate students in the
Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
3. To reveal the challenges of internet technologies usage among postgraduate students in the
Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
4. To proffer solutions that enhancing will overcome the challenges of internet technologies
usage among postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University,
Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

1.4 Research Questions

The study is guided by the following research questions raised:
1. What are the various types of internet technologies used for effective research for among
postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce
Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2. What is the extent of internet technologies usage among postgraduate students in the
Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
3. What are the challenges of internet technologies usage among postgraduate students in the
Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
4. What are the strategies for overcoming the challenges of internet technologies usage
among postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University,
Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

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1.5 Significant of the Study.
This study seeks to investigate the extent of Internet technologies usage for effective research
among postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University,
Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. It will be benefit to the following stake holders:
students, lecturers, university management, librarians and society at large on associated the
use with the Internet technologies.
Students will providing access to a vast amount of information, facilitating research, and
enabling communication and collaboration. It offers a wealth of resources for learning,
teaching, and research, and allows for faster dissemination of knowledge and global
collaboration. The internet provides access to a wealth of online journals, magazines, and
other information resources, allowing students to stay up-to-date with the latest research in
their fields. The internet enables students to connect with researchers and peers worldwide,
fostering collaboration on projects and facilitating the exchange of ideas. It will also help
student to communicate using email, online forums, and video conferencing tools facilitate
communication and interaction among students, faculty, and research groups
The findings of this study will help lecturers understand the internet technology and to
enable lecturers to access information on a global scale through the Internet to improve their
learning, and students use Internet resources to enrich learning experiences. It will also help
lecturers access to research papers, articles, e-books, and other scholarly materials that can
supplement lectures and provide students with up-to-date information.
Librarians will get to know the he internet and related technologies offer numerous
benefits for librarians, enhancing their ability to serve patrons and manage library resources
more effectively. These benefits include improved access to information, enhanced user
engagement, streamlined library management, and opportunities for remote services.
Librarians can utilize social media platforms to promote library resources, connect with users,
and foster a sense of community. Librarians will understand the various search engines and
online databases allow for faster and more efficient retrieval of information, saving time for
both librarians and users.
Internet technologies offer numerous benefits for university management, enhancing
efficiency, communication, and resource management. These technologies streamline
administrative tasks, improve communication channels, facilitate data-driven decision-
making, and support inclusive learning environments. Universities can automate tasks like

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registration, fee payment, and document management using online portals and systems,
reducing paperwork and manual effort. Online platforms provide a central hub for accessing
information about courses, schedules, student records, and university policies, improving
transparency and accessibility.
To this society this study would make way for more research in relevant fields
to be undertaken, contributing to information, enhancing practice, informing policy, and
helping teachers consider new ways of teaching and learning. In addition, the results would
be relevant in many ways to different stakeholders. For example, the Study would help to
uncover the value of internet usage and its effect on students' academic success is a good
learning environment to help educators and learners develop the abilities to expand their
thinking about the teaching and learning skills required to provide quality education.

1.6 Scope of the study

This study focus on the extent of Internet technologies usage for effective research among
postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce
Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. It will be limited to postgraduate students in the faculty of
education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island. The study will cover the following
various types of internet technologies used, extent of internet technologies usage, it will
reveal the challenges of internet technologies usage and it will proffer solutions that
enhancing will overcome the challenges of internet technologies usage among postgraduate
students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa
State, Nigeria.

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1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

Extent : The space, amount, or degree to which a thing extends; size; length; breadth range or

limits of anything; scope; coverage.

Extent of internet technologies usage: Internet technologies are widely used for

communication, information access, research, education, and entertainment. They facilitate

global connectivity, enabling communication across geographical boundaries and providing

access to vast amounts of information. Specifically, internet technologies are significantly

impacting education, offering tools for research, collaboration, and personalized learning.

Faculty of Education: The Faculty of Education is a unit within a university focused on

teacher training and educational studies. It offers programs like undergraduate and
postgraduate degrees in education, often encompassing various specializations within the
field. These programs prepare individuals for careers as teachers, educational administrators,
or researchers.
Internet: Is the computer network which allows computer users to connect with computers
all over the world, and which carries email. a large computer network linking smaller
computer networks worldwide

Internet technology Usage: It means the time spent by the students on internet for various
activities like surfing online educative content, emails, messaging, useless chatting,
videogames, and time killing by random searching and not doing their jobs. Internet usage in
present study refers to the scores of Internet usage

Postgraduate students: A postgraduate student is someone who is pursuing further

education at a more advanced level after completing their undergraduate degree. They are
typically enrolled in programs like master's degrees, doctoral degrees (PhDs), or postgraduate
diplomas and certificates. Essentially, they are building upon the knowledge and skills gained
during their undergraduate studies

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Technologies: Technology, at its simplest, is the application of scientific knowledge to solve
problems and achieve practical goals. It encompasses the tools, techniques, and processes
used to improve our lives, often by making tasks easier or more efficient. Essentially,
technology is anything that helps humans adapt to and change their environment

Usage of Internet technologies: The internet's usage is incredibly broad, encompassing

communication, information access, entertainment, online shopping, education, and more. It
enables instant global communication through email and messaging, provides access to vast
amounts of information for research, and facilitates online shopping and banking.
Furthermore, it serves as a platform for entertainment, social networking, and even remote
work

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 CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LETERRATURE

This chapter focused on review of related literature. This is done under the following sub-

headings.

2.1 Conceptual Review

Internet technologies
Extent of Usage
Postgraduate student
2.2 Theoretical Review
Uses and Gratification Theory

2.3 Review of Related Literature

Types internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
Internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
Challenges of internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
Proffer solutions to enhance the use internet technologies usage among postgraduate

2.4 Empirical Evidence

Types internet technologies usage among postgraduate students

Internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
Challenges of internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
Proffer solutions to enhance the use internet technologies usage among postgraduate

2.5 Appraisal Literature

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2.1 Conceptual Review
Internet technologies
The Internet is no longer merely an infrastructure; it has become an unlimited space for the
exchange of information, social networking and cyber behaviour (Cheng, at.el, 2014). The
Internet today is a worldwide phenomenon whose existence cannot be easily or clearly
described. The Internet is a large computer network that connects millions of smaller
computers for thousands of business, state, science, academic and other organisations at
numerous sites in different countries. The users can access to a large pool of information
sources of Internet with fast, user-friendly and unlimited access with less time and cost.
Based on statistics of Internet users, there has been a tremendously high penetration rate of
Internet population globally. University students are classified as the largest and the most
frequent users of Internet-based technology, which accounted for 88% compared to other
groups. This group of users is also known as the digital natives as they have been growing up
with the digital technologies throughout their life. Moreover, with the advanced development
of network facilities in universities which emphasises on learning, entertainment and
research, all these contributions have led to the increase of Internet usage among university
students. University students are regarded as a crucial asset for a nation in building and
developing its prosperity and growth in the future. Thus, the development of the university
students that are capable to strive are decisive so that they can contribute productively to the
nation. As borderless connection, people have been using Internet all over the world for so
many purposes including entertainment, social interaction, education, and commerce. Higher
education is one of the areas that experienced the inevitable changes under the growing use of
the Internet. Kudus, Sidek, Izharrudin, Kamalrudin, M Hassan, & Mohamed (2027) stated
that university students are among the largest and the most frequent users of the Internet.
Students in universities use the Internet as a platform for entertainment and socialization
while educators on the other hand, use the internet to engage students in the process of
creating and sharing knowledge and in more efficient ways of communication (Aleksandrova,
& Parusheva, 2019). Hence, Internet is no longer used for leisure but has become platforms
for interaction and engaging with learners in higher education.

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The Internet is a user-friendly communication medium that is cost effective and fast. The
required information can be accessed from anywhere with an Internet connection and with no
time limitation. The information on the Internet is usually up-to-date, which makes it a useful
tool to follow recent developments. Internet sites containing clinical, histo-pathological and
radiographic data create an environment for students to study at their own pace. The Internet
provides means of accessing the expertise of specialist clinicians and academicians of all over
the world. Students can have the opportunity to learn about different views on controversial
topics, review extensive case reports, and gain knowledge of rare diseases. In addition, to
serve as a learning tool, the Internet may motivate students to undertake research and help
them develop skills in collecting and analysing data. Discussion groups via electronic mailing
or chat rooms, videoconferencing, interactive learning environment by animation, and
simulation methods are further advantages of the Internet. Another important advantage of
the Internet is that students in developing countries can have the opportunity to access a large
pool of data, which could help reduce the information gap resulting from the disadvantages of
the education opportunities in these countries.

At present, Internet is a very important tool used by the students for education and
also other various purposes like entertainment. Many academic and research institutions
provide internet service to students, teachers as well as researchers. Nowadays students
access to the internet more frequently to collect information for their homework. Thus
internet has become very popular among the students. Internet also increases the skills and
capabilities of the students that can facilitate their studies and professional life. Therefore we
need to acquire much information about internet to explore the relations with other variables
regarding educational contexts which are significant for students. Internet should be ensured
for both students and teachers to facilitate research, teaching and communication. Students
also use the internet greatly to enrich their academic work. However, little has been done in
terms of research to compare among the university students coming from diverse disciplines

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in case of using the internet, purpose and impact of using the internet and the overall
perceptions towards the internet.

Extent of Usage

Postgraduate student

22.2 Theoretical Review.

Two theory were adopted for this study. The theories are: Information Capacity Utilization

Theory propounded by Curras Emilia 1986 (Shidi, 2019) and Uses and Gratification Theory

propounded by Elihu Katz in 1970.

The first theory adopted for this study is Information Capacity Utilization Theory
propounded by Curras Emilia 1986 (Shidi, 2019).Emilia (1986) States that, the user of
information has limited capacity to profit maximally from the use of available information
resources and services. This is due to some socio-economic factors like level of education,
cognitive ability, income, information media, or format and access to pool of information
resources at the disposal of a user. Information utilization is dependent on the capacity of the
user to access information and later utilizes it. One of the prerequisites for information
utilization is accessibility. Otherwise information may be physically available but
inaccessible if the user is unable to access the information for his needs. Postgraduate
students who are computer literate and proficient in the use of modern ICT tools will have the
capacity to use e-resources to achieve their academic performance.

2.2.1 Uses and Gratification Theory

The second theory used for this study is the uses and gratification theory. This theory was

propounded by Elihu Katz in 1970 and is concerned with how people use media for

gratification of their needs. This theory, which is an outcome of Abraham Maslow‟s

hierarchy of needs, posits that people choose what they want to see or read and the different

23
ICT to information needs. When different kinds of reasoning became the focus of researchers

in the 1060s and 1970.

This theory is therefore, found relevant to this study because, farmers often use ICT

facilities to satisfy their information needs such as sourcing information resources to improve

their agricultural produce, updating knowledge and lecture notes, for communication, online

registration and preparation for examination among others. In developing countries farmers also

uses ICT facilities to gain access to sowing, crop protection, and improving soil fertility that

enables them to improve agricultural productivity.

The gratification which ICT has brought to farmers has led to constant usage and reliable

channel to seek the best market price in the local markets and other daily updates for their

produce to ensure they receive fair returns. ICT farming, particularly the use of multimedia

technology and other innovative approaches to interactive knowledge transfer processes, is

transforming agricultural extension services. ICT has been instrumental in empowering

farmers through knowledge and building their capacity to incorporate various environment-

friendly practices around regenerative agriculture in order to achieve rural and agricultural

developmental goals

2.3 Review of Related Literature

Types internet technologies usage among postgraduate students
The word Internet technologies emanates from the words “Internet Connection Network
connecting computers around the world by the use of a standard protocol. The internet is a
massive, computer-linked network system used globally to access and convey information,
either by personal or business computer users and also used for communication, research,
entertainment, education and business transactions

Internet technologies usage among postgraduate students

Among technology innovations, the internet use is spreading into daily life. Since, internet
has entered into our lives all over the world billions of people started to utilize internet

24
services for various purposes like entertainment, shopping, business, education etc. It has
captured bigger and bigger part of young people’s daily activities. The internet has become a
helpful source of students to get information. The internet enable individuals to interacts and
share information, resources and services. The growth of ICT has directly and indirectly
affected people’s ideas, habits and behaviour. Internet has become way of life for majority of
students all over the world at different educational level. There has been a considerable
increase in the number of internet users worldwide in the last decade as it has emerged as an
effective tool in eliminating human geographical barriers. The internet is a worldwide system
of computer networking. It connects billions of computers webpages, servers and websites. It
is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. It consists of public,
academic, private, government business networks of local to global scope. It carries a vast
range of information resources and services. Internet has crept into every aspect of our lives.
So there is a need to study the level of internet usage among secondary school students.
Internet is used by students for various purposes like social communication, recreation,
shopping and academic. The use of internet in sphere of life leads to change in behavioural
pattern among people. In 2020, the number of internet users worldwide was 4.83 billon which
means that over 60% of the global population connected to the internet. This is so far cry
from 1995 where a mere 16 million (0.4%) of the world’s population had access to the
internet. Going forward it has been estimated that 90% of the human population, aged 6 years
and older, will be online by 2030. Cyber security ventures predicts that there will be 6 billion
internet users by 2022 (75% of the projected world population of 8 billon) and more than 7.5
billon internet users by 2030 (90% of the projected world population of 8.5billon). Internet is
a multifarious tool which enables the students to interact globally and helps to share their
experience, ideas, knowledge etc. It strengthens capabilities potentiality and skills among
students which assist them in their personal as well as professional life. According to Devi
and Roy (2012), academic career of students is greatly influenced by the use of internet.
Internet use has both positive and negative aspects. Kim (2003) maintained that the positive
aspects of internet are recreation, convenient, informative and resourcefulness. Roy (2009)
asserted that internet users experienced relaxation and leisure, wide range of exposure, higher
global exchange of information and self-development. Though internet has many advantages
but detrimental effects due to excessive use of internet cannot be ignored. Zavodny (2006)
maintained that unrestricted use of modern technology lead to increase in attention
difficulties, decrease in the amount of sleep and poorer academic achievement. Wolak,
Mitchell and Finkelhor (2003) asserted that use of internet can pose significant threats like

25
online exploitation, online relationships, and other undesirable effects of cyber relationships.
It is also proved by researches that severe use of internet can cause unfavourable,
psychological and academic consequences as well as the risk of internet addiction. The
extreme use of internet can lead to the wastage of time and antisocial or unacceptable
behaviour. In reality, it has brought a very open approach on learning where students are no
longer depending on their instructors or textbooks as their only sources of information.
Internet is not only a means of social interaction but also used as a tool for facilitating
teaching learning.
Deepika (2014) conducted a study on effect of “internet usage on academic
performance and face-to-face communication.” The results of the study indicated that
restrictive use of internet can have a positive effect on academic performance. It was also
found that no significant relationship existed between internet usage and academic
performance. Mashhor Al-hantoushi and Saad Al-abdullateef (2014) investigated the
correlates of internet addiction among secondary school students in Riyadh city. The findings
of the study revealed that internet addiction was correlated with lower level of parental
control, more hours using internet every day, a lower degree of school performance, and
higher level of depression. Adjoa and Yebowaah (2018) investigated the impact of internet
use on senior high school students in the Wa municipality. Findings revealed that mobile
phones, school information communication laboratory, public internet cafe, household
internet facilities were various sources of internet. It was also found that students’ access to
internet had a positive effect on academic performance. Fatema, Nasreen, Parvez and
Rahaman (2020) attempted to study the “impact of using the internet on students: A
sociology analysis at Bangabandhu Shrikh Mujibur Rahma Science and Technology
University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh.” The findings of the study indicated that majority of
respondents used internet for educational purposes, and another majority of respondents used
it for browsing social networking sites. It was also revealed that some of the respondents used
internet for recreation purpose. Results also indicated that internet can have positive influence
on academic performance and quality of life. Furthermore, it was also revealed that internet
addiction has negative effect on students’ academic performance and social life. Jama (2020)
examined the “the impact of internet usage on academic performance in tertiary education.”
The findings of the study revealed that internet positively influenced the academic
performance with respect to interaction between students and faculty members accessibility
of current knowledge , completion of assignments and course work, availability of library
resources, better exam preparations and grades, accessibility of examination results ,

26
availability of study materials etc. the results also indicated some negative impacts of internet
on academic performance in terms of stress, disturbances of reading and learning time etc.
Ihuoma and Rotimi (2020) examined the “level of internet usage among secondary school
students in mainland area of logas state.” The results indicated that students had a ‘very high’
level of internet usage. It was also found that internet-enable devices enhanced academic
performance among secondary school students. Saini and Kaur (2020) investigated the
“relationship between internet usage and parenting styles” the results showed a significant
positive relationship of overprotecting, over demanding, autocratic and rejecting parenting
style with internet usage. On the other hand, internet usage had a significant negative
relationship with accepting and democratic parenting style. Alya, Mawgood, Yousef and Ali
(2021) investigated the predictors of Internet Addiction (IA) among on a sample of high
school students in Sohag, Egypt. Results of the study indicated that majority of the students
were categorized as mild internet addicts. Only a few students were classified as severe
Internet addicts. Findings also revealed that bad family relationship, Internet access on a
smart phone, having a Facebook account, Internet access outside the house, presence of the
Internet at home, access to the Internet for entertainment being in 2nd grade of high school,
and were the predictors of IA. Further, a significant positive correlation was found between
IA and deterioration of their mental health.

Challenges of internet technologies usage among postgraduate students

Mamman and Abubakar, (2022) identified poor internet connectivity, insufficient computer
terminals, inadequacy of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills as the
major factors working against the smooth access and use of EIRs in higher institutions in
Taraba State, Nigeria. However, Ankrah and Atuase, (2018) revealed that the use of
electronic resources has provided unimaginable support to modern teaching and learning,
created access to current information for the research output of postgraduate students in
universities of Cape Coast, Ghana. The study recorded some challenges such as low
publicity, poor internet connectivity, inadequate computers, power outage, and inadequate
searching skills. Also, Dogradive, (2015) maintained that students of Mekelle, university,
Ethiopia, are comfortable with electronic resources because of its speedy delivery through e-
database, e-journals and other media although they are challenged by poor connectivity and
inadequate searching skills. The finding on the study carried out by Adenariwo, (2022)
indicated that majority of the students interviewed indicated they were unaware of the

27
existence of electronic library resources but, many still resort to the traditional library system
for their research. In the contrarily, Akinola et. (2018) reported that most postgraduate
students of the University of Ibadan are aware of the databases at their disposal and have
benefited a lot from them. One can conclude that e-resources usage varies in each of the
universities. Other challenges as discovered by Alhassan & Macaulay, (2015) are limited
access to computer terminals, lack of ICT knowledge, non-assistance from library staff to
facilitate easy access and network failure were some of the hindrances to effective use of
electronic information resources in universities in Niger State, Nigeria. In a similar research
carried out by Sambo et. al., (2022)on the challenges faced by undergraduate students using EIRs
in universities in southwest Nigeria discovered that high cost of access, poor funding, information
overload, absence of proper maintenance of the facilities are the teething problems confronting
the use of EIRs in universities. They recommended that there should be provision of alternative
method of funding for libraries, constant maintenance of e-resources and computer training on the
use of EIRs. Likewise Abubakar & Yar’adua, (2021) identified slow Internet services, erratic
power supply, inadequate computers and searching skills as challenging confronting the use EIRs
in academic libraries in Kastina state. Abdullahi,et. al., (2019) identified slow speed of network,
poor funding, low bandwidth, and technological equipment, lack of policy guideline and lack of
continuous training as causes of low level use of EIRs. In another study by Ankrah and Atuse,
(2018) on their survey found that e-resources, gave postgraduate students access to current
information needed for their work. The study recorded some bottle neck to the use of e-resources
encountered as insufficient training, limitation of access like passwords and usernames,
insufficient computers, power outage and lack of search skills. Mole & Edewor, (2021)
maintained that cost of subscription to online journals, poor funding to attract skilled manpower
to manage online technology and to access online journals posed a big challenge. This is
supported by the findings of Mukhtar & Maidabino, (2021) where they recorded that inability to
subscribe to the necessary academic e-journals and databases present a big problem in the use
of e-resources. Gbenga, (2016) investigated perceived ease and use of EIRs by undergraduate
students of private universities in Oyo state Nigeria. Respondents presented some challenges
that impede their use of e-resources, as follows; they confirmed that power outage is a major
challenge, followed by lack of necessary information skill, lack of knowledge and lack of
time. Adeleke and Nwalo, (2017) recorded that postgraduate student of university of Ibadan
were constrained by lack of power supply, followed by problems with speed and capacity of
computers. (Ugwu and Orsu, (2017) categorised the challenges into direct and indirect
factors; under the direct factors about 97% rated unstable power. The indirect factors were;

28
lack of internet connectivity at home, limited internet access, and lack of personal laptop
among others.

Proffer solutions to enhance the use internet technologies usage among postgraduate
Postgraduate students who possess information literacy stand the chance of using intemet
better than those who are deficient of the skills. Ankrah and Atuase, (2018) indicated that
students both undergraduate and postgraduate should be taught how to search for information
on the internet, internet to be marketed and promoted for greater efficiency by patrons.
University libraries should occasionally conduct orientation programme, workshops and
seminar on the usage of internet resources. Osinulu, (2020) recommended that librarians
should create awareness on the new acquisitions of electronic information resources through
social media technology such as Blog or Instant Messaging (IM), organise training on the use
of electronic resources and specialized databases for staff and students across all the
departments. Also, in a research carried out by Anyim, (2022) on relevance of electronic
resources and improvement of access for effective distance learning and continuing education
programme identified that access to e-resources can be enhanced through the creation of user-
friendly interfaces for easy access to online contents and provision of online user guideline
for accessing e-resources.
The result from research conducted by Galciboyo, (2013) on ways to enhance the use of
internet in Mbara university libraries, the respondents indicated that new students should be
acquainted with the use of a computer from their first year, others suggested that more
networked computers should be made available by university libraries. Information retrieval
skills should be inculcated in the curriculum and first-year should be thought early. This is in
agreement with Kwafoa, et. al., (2018) which explained that to arouse the interest of PG
students on use of e-resources, the school of graduate should work in synergy with university
library, and organize orientation on availability and utilization of e-resources every session
for new PG students. They emphasized that the workshop should aim at introducing the new
PG students to the electronic databases, search designs, search engine and how to get the
essential information for research through the internet. Ankrah and Atuase, (2018) observed
that the volume of information which appear in diverse manner and which all cannot be
trusted and training is paramount. To enable information users possess the necessary skills
that will enable them appreciate the potentials of e-resources. They stressed further that
training is part of learning process which empowers users to embark on independent research.

29
The training should be conducted by librarians who are knowledgeable in technology
applications and searching strategies. In view of this Galciboyo, (2013) opined that the

2.4 Empirical Evidence

Types internet technologies usage among postgraduate students

Internet technologies usage among postgraduate students

Several studies have sought to identify the time and nature of internet usage among
students. Bruce-Ennin (2013) investigated internet usage among students. Data were gathered
from 370 students from four senior high schools in the Atwima Nwabiagya District of the
Ashanti Region. The study found out that students have very high general knowledge of the
internet. It was also found that the level of internet use among students was very high. At
least 80% of the students used the internet. However, what engaged the attention of students
was more of things that had little or no direct positive impact on their academic work.
Majority of the students indicated that they spent more time on watching movies, chatting,
surfing, playing games, rather than on academic related issues.
Puspita and Rohedi (2017) conducted a study on internet usage among students. The
study used a sample of 120 students. The study found that in terms of usage of the internet for
social media, 68.33% answered always while 41.67% answered frequently. In terms of use
for online gaming activity, 17% answered always while 41.67% answered frequently. In
terms of utilizing the internet to watch Youtube videos, 46.67% answered frequently use
while 51.67% indicated always use. Finally, in terms of using the internet to learn, majority
(34.17%) answered rarely use the internet to learn and seek information.
Luambano and Nawe (2004) conducted a study on internet use by students of the University
of Dares Salaam. The findings revealed that the students who had access to the internet were
not using it effectively. They used it mainly for communication with friends and relatives
more than for academic purposes. The cause of this was found to be lack of skills required for
effective use of the internet.
Wanajak (2011) investigated internet addiction among Thai secondary school
students. A mixed methods research design was employed. The study was conducted in three
stages. The study found that internet addiction involved neglecting other activities to spend
time on the internet, having relationship problems with family members, friends, or others

30
because of internet usage and having academic problems, such as school absences, poor
grades, or low performance due to internet use. Again, the study found that 3.7% of the
respondents were classified as addictive internet. Internet addictive users spent significantly
longer periods on the Internet than students who were classified as normal users. School
problems, physical and mental health problems, and relationship problems were reported as
being negative impacts of internet use.
Akin-Adaramola (2014) conducted a study to understand internet usage among
secondary school students. The study used both a quantitative and qualitative survey to
investigate the internet usage among Senior High Schools students in Labone High School,
Accra, Ghana. The study found that 40% of the population spend most of their time chatting
using the internet several times daily. However, 14.4% of the sample used the internet for
academic purposes daily. The implication of the findings is that the use of the internet for
academic purposes was minimal.
Internet usage has been researched to identify how it influences academic
performance. Agwi and Nonyelum (2018) assessed the impact of social media sites on
student academic performance in Samuel Adegboyega University. The results showed that
there was a significant relationship between time spent on social media sites and academic
works. It was also revealed that the nature of social media activities which the students
engaged in did not have any significant impact on the academic performance of students.
Yebowaah (2018) investigated the internet use and its impact on Senior High School
students in the Wa Municipality. The results indicated that sources of internet to senior high
school students included the school information communication laboratory, mobile phones,
household internet facilities, and public internet cafes. Students’ access to internet was found
to have a positive influence on their academic performance. However, different uses of the
internet among students did not influence their academic performance. The study concluded
that availability of different internet sources to students does not grant all of them immediate
access.
Kim (2011) investigated the relationship between internet usage and academic
performance in Korea. The findings indicated that internet use for educational purposes was
associated with adolescent academic achievement. Social and recreational-internet use of the
internet was associated with lower academic achievement.
Agyemang and Mereku (2015) investigated technology use among Ghanaian senior
high school mathematics teachers and to also uncover the factors influencing their technology
use. A cross-sectional survey design with mixed quantitative and qualitative data was

31
gathered for the study. The population of the study comprised of all mathematics teachers in
Ashanti region. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 80 mathematics teachers
from both rural and urban districts in Ashanti region. The findings revealed that the extent to
which SHS mathematics teachers use technology in teaching was very low.
Kubey, Lavin, and Barows (2001) conducted a study on internet use and academic
performance among students. Kubey et al. (2001) used a survey that dealt with technology
use among college students, the main focus being on internet use, television use, sleep, online
shopping, and web browsing. Generally, the study found that “69% of students, and 69% of
teachers, said that they have personally seen students’ grades improve through use of the
Internet” (p.1). The researchers however expanded their study to internet dependency. Kubey
et al. (2001) defined internet dependent as a person who spends roughly 11.18 hours per
week on the Internet, while an individual who is not dependent is said to spend roughly 3.84
hours on the internet in a week. Based upon the results from 576 college students, Kubey et
al. found that 9% reported to being psychologically dependent on the Internet. They also
found that among students who were psychologically dependent on the internet “20%
reported that they had occasionally, frequently, or very frequently missed class because of
their internet use” Additionally, Kubey et al (2021) reported that 50% of students who
experienced academic failure stated that the use of internet dependency played a large part in
the reason they failed.
Shahibi and Rusli (2017) discussed the use of the Internet among final year students of the
Faculty of Information Management, UiTM Puncak Perdana and the impact of its use on their
academic achievement. The results obtained revealed that student interest in university
among final year students of the faculty of information management was the most effective
factor in improving student academic achievement. Besides, the researcher found that online
media usage for education helped students in improving their academic achievement.
Dorji (2015) used the descriptive quantitative method to study the impact of the
internet on academic performance of the Bhutanese students. In total 154 participants from
three academic institutions took part in the study. Results indicated that only academic
oriented internet utilization contributed to the better academic performance with the
significance value 0.000 while social and recreational function of the internet would hinder
the achievement of better academic result. Also, there were difference between internet use
and gender and internet use and age groups.

32
2.5 Appraisal Literature

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The methodology for conducting the research will be considered based on the following

subheadings: research design, the study population, sample and sampling methodology,

instrumentation, instrument validity, instrument reliability, instrument administration, and

data processing method are all factors to consider.

3.1 Research Design

The study adopted the descriptive survey design. Descriptive survey design was suitable for

this study as it involves collecting data as they were discovered in the field by the researcher

and perceived by the respondents without subjecting them to any manipulation. Leavy (2017)

opined that quantitative research is characterized by deductive approaches to the research

process aimed at proving, disproving, or lending credence to existing theories. This approach

of research therefore involves measuring variables and testing the variables in order to reveal

extent of usage of the internet technologies resources among users. According to Burns and

Grove (2003) descriptive survey research is designed to provide a picture of current situation

as it naturally happens. This research design was therefore considered appropriate for this

study because it seeks the opinions of respondents by collecting data in order to answer the

research questions raised in the study.

33
3.2 Population of the Study.
The population for this study consist 101 postgraduate students in the Department offering

programmes in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island. The

Departments offering postgraduate programmes are Educational Foundations, Educational

Management, Science Education, See bellow table 1.1 for population of Study

Table 1.1: Postgraduate Student in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University

S/N Departments in Faculty of Education, Niger Delta No. of Postgraduate Students

University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State
1 Agricultural Education 20
2 Arts Education 4
3 Business Education 15
4 Counselling and Educational Psychology 10
5 Educational Management 18
6 Education Foundation 12
7 Health education and human kinetic 8
8 Library and Information Science Non
9 Science Education 10
10 Technology Education 4
Total no. of Postgraduate Students 101
Derived from the record of HOD of the various Departments offering Postgraduate
programmes in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University (2024/2025) academic
session.

3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques

Due to the size of the population that the researcher can easily manage, the entire population

of 101 postgraduates students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University,

Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The reasons for using the entire population was

that it was not too large and also have adequate representation of the view of the entire

respondents (Egbule & Okohia, 2001).

3.4 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

34
 A self-design questionnaire was used in collecting data for this study. The

questionnaire is title Extent of Internet technologies usage for effective research among

postgraduates students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce

Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria (EITERPE).

The questionnaire consists of Section A: Background information. Section B: sought to

seek awareness of types of ICT known to farmers in rural communities in Southern Ijaw

Local Government Area, it consist of 10 items. Section C: Sought to seek information on

Sources types of ICT used farmers in rural communities in Southern Ijaw Local Government

Area, it consist of 10 items. Section D: Sought to seek on perceived benefits of using ICT

among farmers in rural communities in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, it consist of

13 items. Section E: sought to seek information on Extent of usage of ICT among farmers in

rural communities in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, it consist of 5 items.

The study will adopt the 4-point rating scale of Strongly Agreed (SA) = 4, Agreed (A) =

3, Strongly Disagreed (SD) = 2, and Disagreed (D) = 1.

3.5 Validity of the Instrument

The questionnaire was subjected to face and content validity with the assistance of two (2)

experts. One Associate Professor from Department Library and Information Science, Ignatius

Ajuru University of Education, Rivers State and one Senior Lecture expert in test and

measurement, in the Department of Educational Foundation Niger Delta University,

Wilberforce Island, Bayalesa State. The title of the project work, purpose of the study,

research question, scope of the study and statement of the problem were given to each of the

lecturers to use for the validation of the instrument. All corrections where done in line with

their suggestions. See Appendix 1 for final copy of questionnaire

3.6 Reliability of the Instrument

35
 To establish the consistency of the questionnaire, test-retest method on 15 similar

respondents in Department of Library and information science, Ignatius Ajuru University of

Education, Rivers State, was used for this study. After test-retest the instruments were

subjected to a test of core reliability to guarantee its consistency and how reliable it was.

Cronbach Alpha (x) was used. The scores were used to calculate the variations. The

reliability calculated for the 4(four) sections of the questionnaire are as follows: Section B:

awareness of types of ICT known to farmers in rural communities in Southern Ijaw Local

Government Area had a reliability of 0.65. Section C: Sources types of ICT used farmers in

rural communities in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area had a reliability of 0.67. Section

D: Perceived benefits of using ICT among farmers in rural communities in Southern Ijaw

Local Government Area had a reliability of 0.76. Section E: Extent of usage of ICT among

farmers in rural communities in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area had a reliability of

0.64. The reliability obtained in each section showed that the instrument was reliable to be

used for the study

3.7 Administration of the Instrument

The researcher sought the assistance of the administrative staff in the various Departments

offering postgraduate programmes in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University,

Wilberforce Island to administer the questionnaire. The questionnaire were distribution of the

questionnaire to the respondents after lecturer periods, thesis and dissertations defense.

Furthermore, contact details were used from the departments to contact them. This is

to have adequate numbers of respondents. During data collecting, the researcher physically

visited each Departments and was also involved in the distribution of the questionnaire in

order to ensure consistency and high rate of respondents. The researcher personal made

phone calls, chatted on WhatsApp with the research assistances in order to coordinate the

36
entire process. The excess took two weeks to complete. The distribution of the questionnaire

took one (1) month.

3.8 Method of data analysis

The data collected from the respondents were analysed using simple percentage, mean

statistics and standard deviation. Research questions 1 was analysed using simple

percentage while 2, 3 and 4 were analysed using mean statistics and standard deviation.

All the statistical analyses were carried out using the Statistical Package for Social

Science (SPSS Version 20) for the mean, any item that scores a mean value of 2.50 and

above was regarded as agree while any item with a mean value below 2.50 was seen as

disagree judging from the criterion mean score of 2.50.

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 APPENDIX I

QUESTIONNAIRE

Department of Library and

Information Science.
Faculty of Education,
Niger Delta University,
Wilberforce Island
Bayelsa State

25th August, 2025.

Dear Respondents,

EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

AMONG LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE STUDENTS IN FEDERAL
UNIVERSITY OTUKE, BAYELSA STATE

The researcher is a final year student from the above named Department and institution, am
carrying out a research on the Effect of social media on students academic performance
among library and information science students in Federal University Otuke, Bayelsa State.
Please respond to the items as sincerely as possible. Any information given will be treated with

confident and use for research purpose only.

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Thanks for your anticipated corporation.

Yours Faithfully,

ADIRE Blessing Naten

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SECTION A: Background Information.

Instruction: Please fill the blank space.

Name of Institution: ………………………………

Department :………………………………………..

Section B: Instruction: Please tick (V) in the appropriate box below

Research Question 1: What are the various types of internet technologies used for
effective research for among postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger
Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
The various types of internet technologies used for Agee Disagree
effective research for among postgraduate students in the
Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce
Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Facebook
Whatsapp
Instagram
Twitter
Snapchat
Badoo
Hangout
Linkedin
Wechat
Viber

Research Question 2: What is the extent of internet technologies usage among

postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce
Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The extent of internet technologies usage among SA A D SD

postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education.
Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island,
Bayelsa
AcademicState, Nigeria
purpose
Encourages increased responsibility and autonomy
Stay up to date with news and current events
Research/share products to buy
Share photos or videos with others
Recreation and entertainment

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Research Question 3: What are the challenges of internet technologies usage among
postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce
Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

What are the challenges of internet technologies usage Agree Disagree

among postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education,
Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State,
Nigeria.
Slow internet bandwidth
Inadequate maintenance of computer systems
Lack of internet awareness
Poor power supply
Lack ICT skills

Research Question 4: What are the strategies for overcoming the challenges of internet
technologies usage among postgraduate students in the Faculty of Education, Niger
Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

strategies for overcoming the challenges of internet Agree Disagree

technologies usage among postgraduate students in the
Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce
Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
High Internet bandwidth
Constantly maintenance of Computer systems
Create internet awareness usage
Constant electricity supply
ICT training

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