Assignment – 1
Class: B.A. – I
Subject: Fundamentals of Computer Science
Q.1. What are Computers? Write Characteristics of Computer.
Computer:
A computer is an electronic device that can receive data (input), process it according to instructions,
and give meaningful information (output). It can also store data for future use. In simple words, a
computer is a machine that helps humans to perform calculations, store data, and solve problems
quickly.
Characteristics of Computer:
• Speed – Computers can perform millions of operations per second.
• Accuracy – Computers give accurate results if the input is correct.
• Automation – Once instructions are given, computers work automatically.
• Storage – Computers can store a large amount of data and information.
• Versatility – Computers can perform many different types of tasks.
• Connectivity – Computers can connect with other computers (networking).
• Multitasking – Computers can do several tasks at the same time.
Q.2. Explain Components of Computer System (Block Diagram).
A computer system is made up of hardware (physical parts) and software (programs).
Main Components:
Input Unit – Devices like keyboard, mouse, scanner that enter data into the computer.
Output Unit – Devices like monitor, printer, speakers that show results.
Memory Unit – Stores data temporarily or permanently (Primary memory: RAM, ROM; Secondary
memory: Hard disk, CD, Pen drive).
Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Called the 'brain of computer'. It has:
• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs calculations and logical operations.
• CU (Control Unit): Controls and directs the flow of data.
• Registers: Small high-speed storage inside CPU.
Block Diagram of Computer System:
Input → [ CPU → (CU + ALU + Memory) ] → Output
Q.3. Write Applications of Computer System.
• Education – Online classes, e-learning, smart classes, research.
• Business – Billing, inventory, accounts, and data analysis.
• Banking – Online banking, ATM, money transfer, record keeping.
• Healthcare – Patient records, medical diagnosis, surgery support.
• Communication – Emails, video calls, social media.
• Entertainment – Games, music, movies, animation.
• Government – Record keeping, digital services, e-governance.
• Science and Research – Space research, weather forecasting, experiments.
Q.4. Explain Categories of Computer.
Computers can be categorized on different bases:
1. On the basis of size and performance:
• Supercomputers – Very powerful, used in research, weather forecasting, defense.
• Mainframe Computers – Large systems used by banks, railways, large companies.
• Minicomputers – Medium-sized, used in universities and organizations.
• Microcomputers (Personal Computers) – Desktops, laptops for personal use.
2. On the basis of purpose:
• General Purpose Computers – Used for common tasks like word processing, internet.
• Special Purpose Computers – Designed for a specific task (e.g., washing machine, ATM).
3. On the basis of type of data handled:
• Analog Computers – Work on continuous data (speedometer, thermometer).
• Digital Computers – Work on digital data (binary system, used in daily life).
• Hybrid Computers – Combination of both analog and digital (used in hospitals, research).
