••bo ne te: a musical note

• :8 Hawaiian bird ti: = te

.,,-. expre ssing pain TV: (a) television
ox: a CO"A' or bull uh: expre ssing hesita tion
.,._ = oi um: expre ssing hesita tion
oz: Australia up: towar ds a highe r positi on
pa: one's fat.her us: the objective case of 'we'
pl: the 16th letter of the Greek alpha bet
Wa: a memb er of a people living on the
po: a chamber pot borde rs of China and Burm a
qi: (in Chinese philosophy) the life force we: onese lf and other s
ra: (in Norway and Sweden) a morai ne Wu: a dialec t of Chine se
re: a musical note xi: the 14th letter of the Greek alpha bet
rt: a Japanese unit of length xu: a mone tary unit of Vietnam
se: a Chinese musical instru ment ye (old use): the plura l form of 'thou'
sl: = te Yi: a people living in parts of China
so: therefore yo: used as a greeti ng
ta: thank you
yu: an ancie nt Chinese wine conta iner

Words with a q not foll owe d by a u

qadi: a Muslim judge
qigon g: a Chinese system of physical
qana t: an irrigation tunne l exerc ises
qasid a: an Arabic or Persi an poem qin: a Chinese music al instru ment
qaww al: a qawwali singe r qinta r: a mone tary unit of Albania
qaww ali: Musli m devotional music qiviu t: wool from the musk ox
qi: (in Chinese philosophy) the life force qwer ty: the stand ard layout of typew riters
and keybo ards
qibla: the direction towards Mecca
tariq a: the Sufi method of spirit ual learn ing

Wor ds beg inni ng with x

xanth an: a polysaccharide
xi: the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet
xanth ate: a chemical compound
xlpho ld: sword-shaped
xanth ene: a chemical compound
Xmas : Chris tmas
xanth lc: yellowif:.h
xoan on: a woode n Image of u ~od
aanth in: a yE-llow colou ring matte r xogra phy: a photo~raphlc pl'OC't'SS
aanth ine: a bioehemical compound xu: n mo1wtary unit of Vlt'tnnm
xanth oma: a yE-llow patch on the skin xylan : a com1ltmnd fouml In V.l'11.xl
aebe c: a !>ailing f:.hip xylar y: of or rt•latlt\1:1 to xylt•m
xa....: a fork-I.ailed gull xylem : 1'l1111t tissue
aenla: giH& to a gut-~! or gup1,ts xylen e: 1t liqul,I hydl'OC'arhlm
aenla l: n-lating to ho1,pitality xyllte: a volatile liquid
JIMo n: a noble gai xylol : .:. ll.) lt'n~
IIWlc: veryd ry xytoe e: 11 plant •UM•r
. . . . .: 1tbnc.rnud dryn ~" of a hody part •y"41 . a •IMe mu, herb
..,. .; to photocopy apte r: a 1urskal lnatnuMAI
- . . .: • Swtb Aft k-.an people or ttwlr .,.. _. an anclllnt Onek IJIIII"
llaauqe .,.. _:an Ull:IN IONl k ..... .
~ ommon Confusa bles
Thr·n! are many wr,rds in thP. English language which look alike or sound alike but
haw: quit~ different meanings. Such worcl, are very easy to confuse and the
f<,llowing li~t explaini, thi:! dUTerences betwP.en the pairs (or trios, of words that
cr,mmr,nl y cau-.c prublr1ms.

adopted, adoptive baited, bated

, hildrr-n are adopted, but parents are baited Is an Inflection of the verb 'to bait';
adoptJve. waiting for something with bated breath ls
accept, except to wait for It in a state of great suspense or
accept mr)ans 'a1;rce', whereas except excitement.
m<!ans 'n<Jt incl urling' . balmy, barmy
access. excess balmy means 'pleasantly warm', whereas
ace••• to 5vmewhcre is the means or barmy means 'mad, crazy'.
c,ppr,rtunity to enter it or use it; an exceas bass, base
of StJmcthing is more c,f it than Is bass denotes the lowest adult male singing
nr;:cr:<,sary c,r desirable. voice; the base of som ething is its
adverse, averse supportin g part, foundation, or starting
adverse means 'unfavourable, bad' point.
v. hr;reas averse means 'strongly disliking biannual , biennial
r,r oppo5C.>Cl to ~mething' as in lam not biannual m eans 'occurring twice a year',
w..:er!>e to helping out. whereas biennial m eans 'taking place
affect, effect every two years'.
affect means ' make a difference to breach , breech
y.,m,:one or somethin g', whereas effect a breach is a hole or gap, or an action that
mr~ons ·a resuJt' or 'bring about a result'. breaks a rule or agreement; the breech of
allusion, illusion a gun barrel is the back part of it.
;,.n alluaion is an indirect refE:rence to cannon,canon
Y1mHhing; an illusion is a false idea or a cannon is a gun, whereas a canon is a
b'-111:f. cler gyman, a rule or law, or a list of books
amoral , immoral or other works.
amoral mc:ans 'lacking a ny sense of canvas,canvas s
m1,ral1ty', whr~reas Immoral means 'not canvas is a kind of material; to canvass is
frJl1 11w ing a(;C(;pted 1,ta.ndards of morality'. to seek political support before an election
ante, anti or to seek people's opinions on something.
ante mtans 'l:Jl:fore'; anti mi:a ns 'against'. censure,censo r,censer
to censure someone or something Is to
appraise, apprise
express strong disapproval of them, to
tr; appralae b<JrTWthing Is to asf;(:Ss It,
censor a book or film Is to suppress
w~wrr·as to apprise 1,r,m1:1ine uf something
unacceptable parts or It, and a censer Is a
I~ t,,
lnfurm ttu: m <Jf It.
container In which Incense Is burnt.
aaaent, aacent chord, cord
••Mnt m,:ans 'am,n,val or agrecm,mt'; an
a chord Is group or musical notes sounded
••cent Ii. un Instance ,,r ~olnw up to1<cthor; n cord 1!1 R longth of string or an
r.<,mHhlt,K, IHi in tlw fin,/ usu11/ of the
unntomlcnl structure rc11emblln11 this, as ln
Mfl/wrlu,rn .
sptnnl mrd or vocal cords.
augur, auger cllm■ctlc, cllm■tlc
augur trll'ani, 'IK! u blKn of i.<,rnr-thlnw In the
cllm■ctlc means 'formln11 a climax',
lul urr!': 1.1n auger 111 u trn,J ui;ud for liorlni, whernaa cllm■tlc mean• 'relatlna to
huh,h in wo11t.1 .
climate'.
aural , oral
complacent, aomplala■nt
aural 11u•11ni; 'n•lut111w lo the tiur or 11enae of aompl■aenl mean, ••mUIJ and aelf.
tu•aring', whurnuK or■l mmm11 're1Mtln11 to utlafted'; nmplalNnl m•na 'wWIIII to
11111 mouth' or 'M1111kt•n rather than wrltt.ln'. pleue'.
 ... •
......... ....
.. • • Cr gp ?Isa
~ c om,
m p lim en t
,th m g is to en ha nc e
it ta ....,_..., .om.tht- II •. . . . .
...
,(llf'P rernent ~o 911 .... ...,_ .,J f ~ , . . .( ($
er ea s to
P1c e.xtra fea tu re s. wh w• v'" IU
naait_ ;
" c0 ~
on e or so me th Jn g la
to encJ01e1 a Jett« ordocu
, ad~: ~e nt so me llle
,ornP pr ais e or ap pr ov
al of them . equa bl e, tNIUlta
caJrn and ., ..
~ress an equa bl e per10 Ja
J1
e~ r,d an t, co nf id en
t 9 , , _ . II a lu r
nf id an te if th e pe rso n ts tempered; an equl ta bl
co confidant (o r co . h om on e confides; one.
a a]e) is a pe rso n m w ce p tlonat
lf-assu re d' or 'ce rta in
'. ex ce pt io na bl e, n
~~f id en t me an s 'se ex ce pt io na bl e me an
s 'causin,
nc il, co un se l . . t . e or ad vi so ry en ce ', wh er eu
dis ap pr ov al or off
co11ouncil is an a d m m1 s rat1v .
exceptional me an s 'no t typ ica l' or
I. d
ab<)cdy of pe op le; co un se lS a vice or 'un us ua lly good'.
euidance. fa w n, fa un
se llo r er an d als o a lig ht
,; 11 nc ill or, co un a fa wn ls a yo un g de
be r of a co un cil ; a Js a Ro ma n go d
co un cil lor is a m em br ow n co lou r; a fa un
id an ce on per so na l
or n, pa rt goat.
3
co un se llo r gi, ·es gu po rtr ay ed as pa rt ma
s. fla un t, flo ut
psychological pr ob lem to dis pla y it
cr ed ib le , cr ed ita
bl e to flaunt so me thi ng is ru le or Jaw is to
ut a
'be lie va bl e, co nv in cin g', os ten tat iou sly; to flo
cre d ibl e me an s rd it.
me an s 'de se rv in g op en ly di sre ga
whereas cr ed ita bl e r
flo un de r, fo un de
praise·. ne ral ly me an s 'ha ve tro ub le
flo un de r ge
cu rb , ke rb ng so me thi ng ',
strain t, as in cu rb s do ing or un de rst an di
a curb is a ch ec k or re an s 'fail or co me to
a ke rb is th e ed ge of wh ere as fo un de r me
on publu: ex pe nditu re; no th in g'.
a pa\'ement. fo rb ea r, fo re be ar
cu rr an t, cu r r en t thi ng is to stop
to fo rb ea r fro m so me
cu rra nt s ar e dr ied
fru its ; a cu rre nt is a re be ar ls an ancesto
r.
d on es elf do ing it; a fo
flow of wa ter, ai r,
or ele ctr ica lly ch arge d
fo re w or d, fo rw ar
particles. a sh or t int ro du cti on to a
a fo re wo rd is
s 'on wa rd ' or 'ahead".
de fu se , di ffu se bo ok; fo rw ar d me an
ve th e fu se fro m an us
de fu se me an s 're mo fr ac tio us , fa ct io
explosive devi ce ' or
're du ce da ng er or
fra ct io us me an s 'ba d-tempered'; fac tio us
sit uatio n'; di ffu se g or dis se nti nc
ten sio n in a dif fic ult me an s 'ha vin g op po sin
a wi de ar ea '.
means 'sp re ad ov er vie ws '.
de se rt , de ss er t fr ee ze , fr ie ze process by which
de se rts ar e lar ge
wa ter less a re as ; fre ez e de no tes the
s as a l't'Sult of
de ss er ts ar e p ud di
ng s. liq ui ds tu rn int o solid a ba nd of 9Culptwd
ex tre me cold; a frieze a wall.
is
te
di sc re et , di sc re or pa int ed de co rat ion on
di sc re et me an s 'ca refu l a nd ju di cio us ', '
an s 'se pa ra te, G al lic , G ae lic ch '; Oaellc _ . .
wh ere as di sc re te me en
Ga lll c me an s 'Fr
di stinc t'.
'Ce lti c'.
dr af t, dr au gh t
in Br itish En gl ish a
dr af t me an s 'a gr ls ly , gr lu ly rrt flc or revoltma'; •
' or 'an or de r to pa y
a grl•IY me an • 'ho
pr eli mi na ry ve rsi on t me an s 'a gr tu ly t, a bear.
a dr au gh
su m of mo ne y', wh ile of dr in ki ng '; 1n ..
cu rre nt of ai r' or 'an ac t ha ng ar , ha ng er buildlal a. 1111 -I
Am er ica n En gl
used for all se ns es
ish
.
th e sp ell ln g draft la a ha nl 8r la a Jarae
,
aircraft; a. ... ... la__...._ • .._
......,.......,....,..,,,.........,, . -- . -
clothNOft,
el lc lt, lll lc lt ... • tt

....... , .,.
el lc lt 1a a ve rb , me
aninai 'dr aw ou t a ... ... ... . . . . .
'; lll lcl l II an atU•ctlve n ar 1• 1 • •
.. .. , .. .. 11 ■ ro
Ne po na e or rea cti on
un law fu l'.
me an tn a 'fbrbidden or
ate
.. .. .ra te . IMml■rtn n U. .ir m1111arr •
a pe no n em ., .. _
.., ..... ........._.,
... ... ... ... . Jnto IUIOf.m
..... ,....
r. _ _ _ _ ... ..
IL •·
com mo n Co nfu sab le•
- ·- - - - - -- llOI
ground chic kpea s; hum u• is an orga nic to mov e by mea ns of ped als; to pee l.._
•
component of soil. goods is to sell them.
Inc red ible , Inc red ulo us pol e, pol l
Incr edib le mea ns 'Imp ossi ble or hard a pol • is a long thin piec e of wood and
to also
bPllrve', whe reas lncr edu lou• mea ns each of the two opp osit e poin ts of a
·unwilling or unab le to believe som ethi mag net; poll den otes the process of \-Oti
ng'. ng
Inte rme nt, Int ern me nt in an elec tion .
Inte rme nt mea ns 'bur ial'; Inte rnm pou r, por e
ent
mea ns 'imp riso nme nt'. liqu ids pou r or are pou red: to por e ove
ra
lam a, llam a boo k is to read it atten tive ly.
a lam a is a Bud dhis t mon k; a llam a is pra ctic e, pra ctis e
a
South Ame rica n anim al . in Brit ish spel ling pra ctic e is the nmm
loa th, loa the and pra ctis e the wrb.
if you are loat h to do som ethi ng, you are pri nci pal , pri nci ple
relu ctan t or unw illin g to do it; to loat he
prin cipa l mea ns 'most imp orta nt.
someone or som ethi ng is to disl ike them mai n'; a
prin cipl e 1s a ~e nera l law or rule
greally. used as a
bas is for a !-YSt<'m t'f t,c,li cf or beh avio
loo se, los e ur.
pro scr ibe . pre scr ibe
as a verb loos e mea ns 'unf asten or 5 C'l
to pro scr i~ -:nn~<'thm~ l"- tn forb
free' ; lose mea ns 'no long er have ' or id or
c••nd..,rr,:i it 1,, pres crib e !'-fll11Pthin g is
'become unab le to find '.
f'l'r" ,"r i , r, - •1; ·~· 1 n,i t h <' \1, e 0 f
lux uria nt, lux urio us a med icin e
,,r 1n: -,· ·•·. ··• <' : t• <-: " " (lfhC'ia lly
luxu rian t mea ns 'rich and profu,e that
in c;.r1rr• . ,_ .... ~ , '· • ~ \·..... rl•'I IH'
growth' , whe reas luxu riou s nw a ns ' \r-n
· sce ptic . s ept ic
comfortable, eleg ant, and expPn'> iw '.
.1 sce pt 1c , , ,·, '~<·\•, h n Q\IP !-tio
ma rita l , ma rtia l ,, r, i.
ns
• f., r ~• 11 ,· rnC' nt<.: n sep tic
mar ital mea ns 'to do wilh mar riag
e·. .t h 1~ l1Mn mc- lnfl'<'lC'd with
whe reas mar tial mea ns ' lo do with war
· l :-11 • , r ,,1
me ter , me tre
she ar . she er
a met er is a mea suri ng device. whe reas
a Ill she ar a <-h 1-<- p , , 10 r ut off its wool; to
met re is a met ric unit ; met re is also
the she er m f•:in-, <-\\ e nc or chan ge cour
rhyt hm of a piece of poet ry. se
qu 1ckl~ · or 'a\"0 1d an u nple asan t topi c',
mil itat e, mit iga te as
in ha min d sheerf.'d au:a y from these
to mili tate agai nst som ethi ng is to be unu·elrom e ima ges.
a
stro ng fact or in prev enti ng it: to miti gate
sig ht, site
som ethi ng unp leas ant or unw elco me
is to sigh t is the abil ity to see or som ethi
mak e it less seve re. ng
seen; a site is a plac e whe re som ethi ng
nat uri st, nat ura list is
loca ted or hap pen s.
a natu rist is a nud ist; a natu ralis t is an
sta tio nar y, sta tio ner y
exp ert in natu ral hist ory.
the adje ctiv e stat iona ry mea ns 'not
om it, em it mov ing or chan ging '; stat ione ry is a
to omi t som ethi ng is to leave it out: to nou n
emi t mea ning 'pap er and othe r writ ing
som ethi ng is to disc harg e it, as infa ctor mat eria ls'.
ies
whic h emit poll utan ts into rivers.
sto ry, sto rey
ord ina nce , ord nan ce a stor y is a tale or acco unt; a ator ey
an ord inan ce is an official orde r or a is a
floor of a buil ding.
relig ious rite; ord nan ce is a term for
gun s sw at, sw ot
or mun ition s.
to swa t a fly is to hit or crus h it with
pal ate , pal ette , pal let a
sha rp blow; to swo t for an exa m is to
a pers on's pala te is the roof of thei r stud y
hard for it.
mou th , a pale tte is a sma ll board on whi
ch tea m, t-m
an arti st mix es colo urs, and a paft et is
a a team is a grou p of spo rts play ers; teel
port able plat form on whi ch good s can ll
be mea ns 'to be full of som ethi ng' or 'to
stacked or tran spor ted; a pall et is also pou r
a with rain '.
straw mat tres s.
ped al, ped dle tltl llat e, titi vat e
a ped al is a foot -op era ted ~ to ped to tlllllala aomeone la to adt 8 . _ .
al is Ullcsta . . . . . . or .... ,.... ~ , I :•
 C IT

•••-•--m --• r
• t lu
- -· s,.-
ltl':1ffl1111Jlw.m' - ?; ,., ~ - · -
~OWi. ~ 9'V't. a a s• - , t
-.: i t ' ~ vr...ai ~:w _, I: £
a:r!r.~~sr
aI d a1 "at
.. . . . . .:"EU".&. li"..ar'.P-.,r.ble r.. ' % ' ~ . •
-:_·.:;,.-.:,.,----4:.": ~Jr,.cc: l . . . . lilt .:?t :zM M
.., -..--;, .,._ "-wr.s - • - ---~ .,._ ~
.J,,#,' ~A,,J. ....... _ . , _ _ . _ ~ _...._. . . . . . . . ~.. ~~
--

,nealS.. WI e .,:V
~ r ~ ...1 ;:::: ~-Ji"!'O',c: ".f. !,:;♦.i. L -X.
~ac• ...:1 :: F.-:-:--:.r;--i:: z ~c=~