Lecture 12
Primary Crushers
Primary Crusher (Construction)
• Main Frame made up of Steel.
• Commonly made in Sections for easy transport and installation.
• Jaws constructed from cast steel with replaceable hard liners of (Mn steel, Ni
Hard which is a Ni-Cr alloyed cast iron)
• Apart from reducing wear, hard liners are essential to minimize crushing
energy consumption by reducing the deformation of the surface at each
contact point.
• The jaw plates are bolted in sections for simple removal or periodic reversal to
equalize wear.
• Cheek plates are tted to the sides of the crushing chamber to protect the
main frame from wear.
• These are also made from hard alloy steel and have similar lives to the jaw
plates.
• The jaw plates may be smooth, but are often corrugated, the latter being
preferred for hard, abrasive ores.
• Patterns on the working surface of the crushing members also in uence
capacity, especially at small settings.
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• The corrugated pro le is claimed to perform compound crushing by
compression, tension, and shearing.
• Conventional smooth crushing plates tend to perform crushing by
compression only, though irregular particles under compression loading might
still break in tension.
• Rocks are around 10 times weaker in tension than compression, power
consumption and wear costs should be lower with corrugated pro les.
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• Regardless, some type of pattern is desirable for the jaw plate surface in a
jaw crusher, partly to reduce the risk of undesired large akes easily slipping
through the straight opening.
• The angle between the jaws is usually less than 26 , as the use of a larger
angle causes particle to slip (i.e., not be nipped), which reduces capacity and
increases wear.
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• In order to overcome problems of choking near the discharge of the crusher,
which is possible if nes are present in the feed, curved plates are sometimes
used.
• The lower end of the swing jaw is concave, whereas the opposite lower half of
the xed jaw is convex.
• This allows a more gradual reduction in size as the material nears the exit,
minimizing the chance of packing. Less wear is also reported on the jaw
plates, since the material is distributed over a larger area.
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• The speed of jaw crushers varies inversely with thesize.
• Usually lies in the range of 100 350 rpm.
• The main criterion in determining the optimum speed is that particles must be
given su cient time to move down the crusher throat into a new position
before being nipped again.
• The throw (maximum amplitude of swing of the jaw) is determined by the type
of material being crushed and is usually adjusted by changing the eccentric.
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