Give Class diagram for a Shape Class Hierarchy
Give Classes and Associations for a shape hierarchy. This will include a base Shape class and
several subclasses: Rectangle, Square, Circle, and Ellipse.
1. Functional Requirements
• Shape Class (Base Class):
o It must have an attribute for color.
o It must have abstract methods for calculating area() and perimeter() (or
circumference for circles and ellipses).
o It must have a method displayInfo() that prints the shape's color and its
calculated area and perimeter/circumference.
o It must have a constructor to initialize the color.
• Rectangle Class (Subclass):
o The Rectangle class must inherit from the Shape class.
o It must have attributes for length and width.
o It must implement the area() method, which calculates area as length * width.
o It must implement the perimeter() method, which calculates perimeter as 2 *
(length + width).
o It must have a constructor to initialize the length, width, and inherited color.
• Square Class (Subclass):
o The Square class must inherit from the Rectangle class. This demonstrates the
is-a relationship (a square is a type of rectangle).
o It must have an attribute for side.
o Its constructor must initialize both length and width of the Rectangle base class
to the side value.
• Circle Class (Subclass):
o The Circle class must inherit from the Shape class.
o It must have an attribute for radius.
o It must implement the area() method, calculating area as π * radius².
o It must implement a circumference() method, calculating circumference as 2 *
π * radius.
o It must have a constructor to initialize the radius and inherited color.
• Ellipse Class (Subclass):
o The Ellipse class must inherit from the Shape class.
o It must have attributes for major_axis and minor_axis.
o It must implement the area() method, calculating area as π * major_axis *
minor_axis.
o It must implement a perimeter() method (which, for an ellipse, is an
approximation). A common approximation is 2 * π * sqrt((a² + b²) / 2),
where 'a' and 'b' are the semi-major and semi-minor axes. The program should use
this or a similar formula.
o It must have a constructor to initialize the major_axis, minor_axis, and
inherited color.
• Main Class:
o The main program must create instances of each concrete shape (Rectangle,
Square, Circle, Ellipse).
o It must store these shapes in a list or array of type
3. Constraints
• Input validation is required to ensure that dimensions like length, width, radius,
side, and axes are positive numerical values.
• The constructors should handle invalid inputs gracefully, perhaps by raising an error or
setting default values.
