MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS

Objectives:
Lipopolysaccharide in cell walls is characteristic of?
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria
Fungi
Algae
Hematologic test is an example of a -------
a.blood test b.urine test c.sputum test d.stool test
Which microorganism(s) among the following perform photosynthesis by utilizing light?
Cyanobacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Cyanobacteria, Fungi and Viruses
Growth of microbes in a solid media is identified by the formation of?
pellicle at the top of media
colonies
sediment at the bottom
turbidity
Which among the following are produced by microorganisms?
Fermented dairy products
Breads
Alcoholic beverages
Fermented dairy products, breads and alcoholic beverages
What are the blood serum proteins produced by animals called?
Enzymes
Antibodies
Amino acids
Toxins
Microorganisms are………… and their size is usually expressed in micrometers. So for routine examination of
microbial cells we require the use of high-microscope, usually at a magnification of about 1000 diameters?
Very small b.very large c.Primated.Innate
--------------- require light as a source of energy to perform photosynthesis.
cyanobacteria b.virus c.flagella d.ascaris
Growth of microorganism in a solid media is identified by the formation of -----
colonies b.scars c.colour d.odour
Plant cells do not have cell walls; they are mostly made of ---------
Cellulose b.glucose c.lactose d.maltose

You wear ------- while providing care, for hand hygiene

gloves b.mask c.google d.venicture
Normal flora are commonly ---------
a.commensals b.obligate c.facultative d.non-pathogen

Which of the following is not considered a portal of entry for bacteria

Eyes
Nose
Mouth
Intact skin
MRSA and other multi drug resistant organisms can be transmitted:
Through medical equipment that is shared and not disinfected appropriately between patients.
On the hands of health care worker who do not perform hand hygiene.
Through environmental surfaces that are not properly cleaned
All of the above
You are working on a Friday night and several patients become symptomatic with vomiting and diarrhea. You should:
Wait till Monday morning and then contact infection control
No action is required; the day shift will sort it out
Place the patient on contact precautions, chart symptoms and follow your facility’s procedure for reporting a
suspected outbreak
Ignore the situation and pretend you did not notice anything out of the ordinary
Most of the healthcare associated infections are transmitted to patients:
On the hands of healthcare worker
From dirty washrooms
From hospital food
None of the above
The scientific study of insects is called----------
a.parasitology b.ecology c.entomology d.embryology
The invisible world of microorganisms was discovered by:
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
John Tyndall
Ferdinand Cohn
Lambert
John Tyndall showed that some microbes in dust and air were resistant to
Heat
Cold
Warmth
Air
The complete removal of all life forms including endospores is called
Spores
Sterile
Centrifugation
Ionization
The alternative hypothesis that living organisms can arise only from preexisting life forms is called
Abiogenesis
Spontaneous generation
Biogenesis
Koch’s postulate
The five kingdom system proposed by Robert Whittaker in the year 1969 include the following except:
Plantae
Protista, the unicellular Eukaryotes
Monera (prokaryotae) the bacteria.
Plasmid
Water with various types of impurities is called-------------
a.sewage b.waste c.disposal d.foliage
Protozoans are
Multicellular parasite
Multicellular
Unicellular
None of the above
Eukaryotic cells contain a variety of structures called:
Organelles
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Proteins
A vector is
An organism usually an insect that carries diseases producing material from one host to another
An object that can carry pathogenic organism to a patient
A term used to describe object or items contaminated with organic matter
An ability of organism to cause disease
Epidemic means
Present within a localized area
Of a disease attacking or affecting many persons simultaneously in a community or area
The branch of medical science
The soiling or pollution of inanimate object
Infectious diseases means
Illness caused by germs
Diseases that enter the body and multiply
Communicable diseases
Contagious diseases
Candidiasis is caused by ---------
a.C.albica b. C.pylori c.Enterococci d.S.aureus
All the following are relevance of microbiology to nursing except:
Nurses are involved in controlling infection in hospital, so nurses must know about microbiology.
They help in taking care of patient
Microbiology cause help nurses to know about harmful and harmless microorganisms to human being.
Nurses apply the microbiology knowledge in health care for drug production, diagnosis and sterilization methods and
cleanliness.
Which of the following is type of infections
Self infection
Therapy
Portal
antigen
The 3 domain of life are :
Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic and plantae
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic and Animalia
Archaea, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Plantae and prokaryotic
---------- is the property that enables an organism to overcome the normal body defense and cause an overt infection.
True or false
Invasiveness b.regression c.permeability d.transferability
The correct order of taxonomic groups from higher to lower rank is?
Kingdom—Order—Class—Family
Order—Class—Division—Family—Genus—Species
Kingdom—Order—Division—Family—Class—Genus—Species
Kingdom—Division—Class—Order—Family—Genus—Species
Which of the following is NOT true of microorganism?
They produce antibiotics
They are used in production of many types of food and beverages
They decompose dead organism
They all cause disease in humans
Two major categories of microbes are called what?
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Acellular and cellular
Pathogenic and Non Pathogenic
Normal flora and archea
Which scientist is best known for his improvement of the microscope
Louis Pasteur
Alexander fleming
Thonius Philips Van leeuwenhoek
IgnazSemelweis
Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganism that can inhibit or destroy other microorganism are
called
Antibiotics
Narrow – spectrum drugs
Semisynthetic drugs
Broad spectrum drugs
---------- is the single most effective way to reduce the spread of germs
Hand washing b.wearing mask c.sanitizer d.social distancing

The one celled microorganism also known as germs or microbes are:

Viruses
Fungi
Bacteria
Cilia
Where do you report diseases or infections?
Security forces
intranet
Infection control office
commander
Infection control is the discipline concern with preventing
Happy workers
Home care infections
Nosocomial infections
None of the above
For how long should one wash their hands when using soap and water?
Under 10 seconds
Atleast 20 seconds
40-60 seconds
It doesn’t matter as long as your hand appear clean
When should a hand be washed?
After using the rest room
Before and after patient contact
After you cough or sneeze
All of the above
When should you clean your hands as healthcare provider?
Before contact with a patient
After contact with a patient
Before performing a clean or aseptic (sterile) procedure
All of the above
The best method to prevent the spread of infectious illness is by:
Staying home when ill
Using hand sanitizer on your hands after you sneeze or cough
Washing your hands when contaminated
All of the above
If a microorganism is known to produce a disease, it is referred to as:
Pathogen
Pathogenic microorganism
Normal flora
A and B only
-------- infection can be diagnosed through fecal examination
a.parasitic b. viral c.fungial d.food
Edward Jenner is credited with which of the following?
Applying germ theory to medical practices such as surgery
Discovering the antibiotic properties of pcn
Creating steps to link a specific bacteria to a specific disease
Developing the process of vaccination
Which of the following is true about the theory of spontaneous generation?
States that all cells come from pre-existing cells
States that life arises from non-living matter
Is believed to be true today
Casual break up
Louis Pasteur is credited with which of the following?
Applying germ theory to medical practices such as surgery
Discovering the antibiotic properties of pcn
Discovering the process of fermentation
Creating steps to link a specific bacteria to a specific disease
Which of the following is NOT true of archae?
They are prokaryotes
They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
They live in extreme environments
They are organism
Which is NOT true of bacteria?
They are prokaryotes
They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
They have a nucleus
Some use photosynthesis
The maximum magnification using a light microscope is?
10,000x
1,000x
100x
1x
Which is a correct term for the domain of life?
Prokaryote
Fungi
Archaea
Animal
If you boiled nutrient broth and sealed the flask and saw no growth...which of the following are valid conclusions?
Life cannot spontaneously generate
Air or "vital force" may be needed for spontaneous generation
That spontaneous generation is true
biogenesis
Who came up with the rules for attributing a certain disease to a specific microbe?
Bassi
Semmelwise
Koch
lorrogh
They have a single cell and have no nucleus.
Fungus
Protista
Bacteria
virus
Microbes present only for few hours to weeks are a.resident b. transient c.Invasion of host d.liability
-------------- is defined as the inability of microorganism to cause dieases.
Pathogenicity b.immunity c.virulence d.antibodies
Which of the following is NOT true of microorganisms?
They produce antibiotics.
They are used in production of many types of food and beverages.
They decompose dead organisms.
They all cause disease in humans.
Microorganisms are found:
In and on the bodies of warm blooded mammals.
In soil.
In air.
Microorganisms are found in all of the above places.
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms which include all of the following except:
Bacteria
Viruses
Plants
Protozoa
Which of the following groups of organisms contains members better known for transmitting agents of disease than
for causing illness themselves?
Arthropods
Protozoa
Fungi
Helminths
Which of the following fields is concerned with the study of fungi?
Bacteriology
Physiology
Virology
Mycology
A pure culture refers to:
A culture containing bacteria that all have the same shape.
A culture which has never been used to inoculate a patient.
A culture which causes only a single disease.
A culture which contains only a single type of organism.

67.An enzyme found in tears and sweat that kills bacteria is?
Silver
Lyse
Salvarsan
Mercury
Microorganisms are nearly------------- in the environment.
Ubiquitous b.similar c.scarce d.definite
Microorganisms can be genetically engineered to produce economically essential products, such as --------and
hormones.
Enzymes b.oil c.soap d.isomers
Protozoa generally have the ------- cells of any of the organisms commonly studied by microbiologists.
Smallest b.largest c.biggest d.toughest
One of the reasons microorganisms are used in research is that they have most of the ------ structures found in a human
cell.
Same b.different c.holloid d.transferease

-----------deals with the biological response of a host to invasion by a foreign object such as a microorganism.
Immumology b.embryology c.parasitology d.anthropology

An --------- microscope is needed to visualize viruses.

Electron b.proton c.light d.dark

---------microorganisms cause disease in humans.

Most b.few c. all d.none of the above
Some microorganisms can synthesize substances called _______________ which inhibit the growth of other
microorganisms.
a.Antibiotics b.Lysosome c.Salt d.mercury
The field of ___________________ involves studying how a person defends herself against microbial infection.
a.Immunology b.Plant science c.Hyphae d.phycology
____________________are the fundamental units of life and carry out the function of all living things.
a.Cell b.Plant c.Blood d.algae
Cells or viruses that cause disease are said to be:______________________
a.Pathogenic b.Cell c.Antigen d.Culture
What is a ‘microbe’?
A virus
A bacterium
A fungus
All of the above
------------- is a plague during the middle age?
a.smallpox b.fungi c.salmonella d.sars
What is MRSA?
A space agency
A type of virus
A type of bacteria
The Irish Motorway and Road Safety Association
The word Probiotics means….
Destruction of life
For life
Robot life
Food for life
Entamoebahistolytica is an -------------protozoan
anaerobic b.aerobic c.facultative d.none of the above
Microbes are called, microbes because….?
they are killed by micro-waves
you can hear them when they are near a micro-phone
they are so small, they can only be seen using a micro-scope
they have micro-chips that help them remember information
Where do bacteria live in your body?
In your mouth
In your gut
On your skin
All of the above
Infectious ---------- is a viral disease transmitted via fecal contamination of water
a.hepatitis b.corona virus c. protozoa d.ascaris
--------- induces severe diarrhea
a.cholerae b.hepatitis c.salmonella d.prorozoa

--------- causes gastrointestinal disease

a.G.lamblia b.S.aureus c.V.cholerae d.E.coli
--------is the agent of the fatal disease AIDS
a.HIV b.COVID 19 c.typhoid d.malaria
How many different species of bacteria live in your gut and help to keep you healthy?
10
200
400
More than 400!
An adult human gut is home to almost -------- kilograms of friendly bacteria!
a.2 b.3 c.4 d.6
How long have micro-organisms been alive?
fifty years
hundreds of years
millions of years
None of the above
A virus causes….
chickenpox
flu
measles
all of the above
Pathogen responsible for bacillary dysentery----
a.Shigella b.Salmonella c.entamoeba d.schistosoma
What shape are bacteria?
rod
sphere
spiral
all of the above
Guinea worm is caused by--------
a.D.medinesis b.Diatoms c.E.coli d.Euglena
Proper sanitation of drinking water involves boiling water at------degree celsius
a.100 b.127 c.200 d.273
Another name for microbes is
Organism
Bio
Germs
Microorganism
Syphilis is caused by obligate anaerobe----------
a.T.pallidum b.C.trachomatis c.Rubella d.Pyogenes
99. Your body has-------- main defences against disease or invaders? a.two b.three c.four d.five

100. ----- organism lives on dead organic matter

a.saprophyte b.anaphylaxis c.commensal d.tumour
 THEORY
1. a.What can be said about Joseph Lister, and why are his contributions to microbiology important? (10 marks)
b.Define Asepsis (5 marks)
c. Explain two types of asepsis you know (5 marks)

2. a.List five modes of transmission of infection(5marks)

b.Define immunity(5marks)
c.Explain the term Nosocomial infection (6marks)
d.List 4 laboratory diagnosis of parasite infection (4 marks)
3.a.What do you understand by the term Parasitic infection? (5marks)
b. State 4 beneficial functions of normal flora. (4 marks)
c.Write briefly on:i.Hypersensitivity and ii.Immunodeficiencies (11marks)

Marking guide
Obejective answer
1. b
2. a
3. a
4. b
5. d
6.b
7. a
8. a
9. a
10. a
11. a
12. a
13.a
14. d
15. c
16. a
17.c
18.a
19.a
20.b
21.c
22.d
23.a
24.a
25b
26.a
27.b
28.a
29.a
30.b
31.a
32.c
33.a
34.d
35.d
36.b
37.c
38.a
39.a
40.c
41.c
42.c
43.b
44.d
45.d
46.d
47.a
48.a
49.d
50.b
51.a
52.b
53.c
54.b
55.c
56.a
57.c
58.c
59.b
60.a
61.d
l62.d
63.c
64.a
65.d
66.d
67.b
68.a
69.a
70.a
71.a
72.a
73.a
74.a
75.a
76.a
77.a
78.a
79.d
80.a
81.c
82.b
83.a
84.c
85.d
86.a
87.a
88.a
89.a
90.a
91.a
92.a
93.d
94.d
95.a
96.d
97.a
98.a
99.d
100.a

Theory Answers
1a.Joseph Lister can usually be associated with being the father of the sterile surgery. Lister used Louis Pasteurs
theories and applied them to the sterilization of medical surgical equipment and wounds. Lister did this with carbolic
acid. Lister also instructed other surgeons to apply this technique as well as change gloves, clean instruments, etc.
This later lead to the aseptic technique which is largely used in medicine. These discoveries significantly decrease
infection and potentially saved millions of lives. Listers contributions in microbiology and medicine were
groundbreaking and will continue to be used throughout history.
1b.Asepsis-the absence of pathogens from an object or area.It prevents the entry of pathogens into the body.
b.(i)surgical asepsis-techniques designed to exclude all microbes.It prevents infectious agents from reaching a
wound.Substances include betadine,isodine,ioprep and surgidine.
(ii)Medical asepsis-techniques designed to exclude microbes associated with communicable disease.It includes dust
control,handwashing,wastedisposal,care of instruments,syringes,needles etc.

2a.Water borne,food borne,air borne,soil,formites,direct contact,insect borne

b. Immunity is the state of having sufficient biological defence to avoid infection, disease and unwanted
invasion.
c.Nosocomial infection is the hospital acquired infection transmitted by health care workers themselves
carried from place to place on the hand of staff who fail to follow proper sanitary procedure to their patients.
d.blood, stool, urine, sputum, vaginal discharge

3a.Parasitic infection are infections caused by parasite which are organisms that live off other organisms to survive e.g
protozoa,helminths and ectoparasites.Spread by contaminated water, food ,and insect.
b.In mouth and lower bowel an invading pathogen may fail to compete for nutrients and receptor sites with normal
flora, some bacteria of the bowel produce antimicrobial substances, in newborn bacteria act as a powerful stimulus for
the development of immune system, bacteria of the gut can produce vitamin k.

C.i.hypersensitivity- is an immune response that damages the body own tissues.they are divided into:
i.Type1- is an immediate or anaphylactic reaction often associated with allergy.Is mediated by IgE which triggers
degranulation of mast cells and basophils when cross-linked by antigen.
ii.Type2- when antibodies bind to antigens on the patients own cells marking for destruction.
iii.Type3- immune complexes deposited in various tissues trigger its reaction.
iv.Type4- delayed reaction usually takes 2 or 3 days to develop. Involved in many autoimmune and infectious
diseases.

C.ii.immunodeficiencies- occurs when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive. Its ability to
respond to pathogens is diminished in both young and elderly, declining at 50 years of age due to immunosenescence.
Malnutrition, alcoholism and drug use are common causes of immunodeficiencies .it can also be inherited or
acquired.