Newton's Laws

of Motion
Force And Motion At Work
TODAY, WE'LL LEARN ABOUT...

1. How is force and motion related?

2. What did Isaac Newton observe?

3. What are Newton's Three Laws of Motion

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A push
, pull,
or twis
t upon
FORCE AND MOTION an obj
ect.

An object free to move will

move once acted upon by
a r e s u l t
force. It is ofte
i n
n
t e r a c ti o n
of an
t w e e n t w o
be
objects.
 MOTION

INERTIA VELOCITY
An object free to
move will move once It is an object's resistance
to changing its motion.
The speed and direction
of an object in motion.
acted upon by force.

ACCELERATION

The change in an
object's velocity.
ISAAC NEWTON'S IDEAS
Apart from gravity, Newton also When for
balanced, t
ces are
he object w
explained how the balance of forces affect remain in
its state of
ill
motion (ei
ther at res
an object's movement. in constan
t motion)
t or

t h e f o r c e s
But when , t h e
n c e d
are unbala s p e ed
i t h e r
object will e n , o r
o w d o w
up, sl o n .
s d i r e c t i
change it
 But what about other
factors, such as friction
and air resistance?

He further developed his

ideas into what we know now
as LAWS OF MOTION
EXPERIMENT BREAK
Together with a seatmate, find different
ways of moving your chairs in different
directions without standing up.

Wha
p e n s obser t do you
a t h ap ve wh
Wh e chair is push
each
en yo
u
e n t h the sa other at
wh b y t he
u s h e d ? me ti
p s o n me?
e r p er
oth
CLASSICAL MECHANICS
Classical mechanics is a branch of physics that deals
with the motion of objects and the forces acting on
them. It is based on the laws formulated by Sir Isaac
Newton and primarily focuses on macroscopic objects
moving at speeds much lower than the speed of light.
FORCES
A force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will
change the motion of an object. Forces can cause
objects to accelerate, decelerate, remain stationary, or
change direction.
TYPES OF FORCES
Contact Forces: These forces arise from physical
contact between two objects.
Examples: Friction, tension, normal force, air
resistance.
Field Forces: Forces that act over a distance without
physical contact.
Examples: Gravitational force, electric force, magnetic
force.
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES
Gravitational Force: The force of attraction
between all masses.
Electromagnetic Force: The force between charged
particles.
Weak Nuclear Force: Responsible for radioactive
decay.
Strong Nuclear Force: Holds protons and neutrons
together in the nucleus.
Isaac Newton
Name: Sir Isaac Newton
Born: January 4, 1643, Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England
Died: March 31, 1727, London, England
Profession: Mathematician, Physicist, Astronomer, Author
Isaac Newton is one of the most influential figures in the
history of science, particularly known for laying the
groundwork for classical mechanics with his laws of
motion and universal gravitation. He made vast
contributions to physics, mathematics, astronomy, and
even optics.
Key Contributions
Physics:
Three Laws of Motion: Newton formulated the three
fundamental laws of motion that describe the
relationship between a body and the forces acting on it.
Law of Universal Gravitation: Newton's law of
gravitation states that every mass attracts every other
mass with a force proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between their centers. This law explained why
objects fall to the ground and how planets move in the
solar system.
NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

1.
The Law of Inertia
Objects in motion will stay in motion, and objects at rest
will stay at rest—unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
 1.
The Law of Inertia
The golf ball will remain on the
ground until the golfer hits it.
 First Law of Motion
(Law of Inertia)
An object at rest will remain at rest, and an
object in motion will remain in motion unless
acted upon by a net external force. This law
emphasizes inertia, which is the tendency of
objects to resist changes in their motion.
 Sample Problem: A book is lying on a table.
Why does it remain stationary?
Explanation: The book stays at rest because no
external force is acting on it. The forces (gravity
pulling down and the normal force from the
table pushing up) are balanced, so there is no
net force to change its state.
NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

2.
The Law of Acceleration
states that the acceleration of an object with constant mass
is proportional to the net force action on it and is in the
same direction of the net force
 2.
The Law of
Acceleration
The car accelerates forward since the
force due to its engine is greater than
the friction on the road.
 Second Law of Motion
(Law of Acceleration)
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional
to the net force acting on it and inversely
proportional to its mass. Mathematically, F=ma .
This law describes how the force applied to an
object affects its motion. Heavier objects (larger
mass) will require more force to accelerate.
Sample Problem: If a car of mass 1000 kg is pushed
with a force of 2000 N, what is its acceleration?
NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION

3.
The Law of Action and Reaction
Every action force has a reaction force that is equal in size
and opposite in direction.
 3.
The Law of Action
and Reaction
On a rocket launch, the shuttle
exerts a downward force, and the
reaction force of the same size
pushes it upward.
 Third Law of Motion
(Action-Reaction Law)
For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction. Explanation: When one
object applies a force to a second object, the
second object applies an equal but opposite
force on the first object.
Sample Problem: A person pushes a wall with a
force of 50 N. What is the force the wall exerts
on the person?
Solution: According to Newton's third law, the
wall will exert an equal and opposite force of 50
N on the person.