Probability vs Non-Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling
Definition: Sampling method where every member of the population has a known, non-zero chance
of being selected.
• Simple Random Sampling – Each individual has an equal chance of being selected.
• Systematic Sampling – Selecting every kth element after a random start.
• Stratified Sampling – Population divided into subgroups (strata), random samples taken from
each.
• Cluster Sampling – Population divided into clusters, some clusters randomly selected.
• Multistage Sampling – Combination of two or more sampling methods.
Non-Probability Sampling
Definition: Sampling method where the chances of selection are unknown. The sample is based on
convenience or judgment.
• Convenience Sampling – Selecting whoever is easiest to reach.
• Judgment (Purposive) Sampling – Researcher chooses participants based on
knowledge/purpose.
• Quota Sampling – Ensuring subgroups are represented, but selection is non-random.
• Snowball Sampling – Existing participants recruit future participants (useful for rare groups).
Key Differences
• Probability Sampling: Known, equal chance | Non-Probability: Unknown chance
• Probability: Low bias | Non-Probability: High bias
• Probability: High representativeness | Non-Probability: Low representativeness
• Probability: More time & cost | Non-Probability: Cheaper, faster
