Notebook
April 19, 2025
[ ]: # Immutable (Not Changable in acutual string variable)
[44]: a = "Wednesday"
"Sednesday"
[46]: a[6::] = "way"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[46], line 1
----> 1 a[6::] = "way"
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
[49]: a[0] = "S"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[49], line 1
----> 1 a[0] = "S"
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
[50]: # Mutable data type
l = [100 , 200 , 300 , 400 , 500]
l[0]
[50]: 100
[52]: l[0] = 9000
[53]: l
[53]: [9000, 200, 300, 400, 500]
1
1 String Operations
[ ]: # Indexing
# Slicing
# Concatination
# Identity
# Membership Operation
2 Concatination (+)
• joining two or more strings is concatination
[9]: a = "We are"
b = " Learning "
c = "Python"
[10]: a+b+c
[10]: 'We are Learning Python'
# Identity (is , is not)
[13]: a = "Wednesday"
b = "Wednesday"
[14]: print(id(a))
print(id(b))
1735102526960
1735102526960
[15]: a is b
[15]: True
[ ]: id(a) is id(b)
[16]: a is not b
[16]: False
[17]: str1= "Hello"
str2 = "Hello"
[18]: str1 is str2
[18]: True
[24]: addr_str1 = id(str1)
2
[27]: addr_str1
[27]: 1735150816880
[25]: addr_str2 = id(str2)
[26]: addr_str1 is addr_str2
[26]: False
3 Membership Operation (in , not in)
[28]: str1 = "Usman loves to play football"
[29]: str1
[29]: 'Usman loves to play football'
[30]: "football" in str1
[30]: True
[31]: "Cricket" in str1
[31]: False
[32]: "Cricket" not in str1
[32]: True
[33]: "l" in str1
[33]: True
[34]: "F" in str1
[34]: False
4 string methods
[ ]: Methods are functions that are defined in a class
[35]: a
[35]: 'Wednesday'
[37]: print(type(a))
3
<class 'str'>
[39]: print(dir(str))
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__',
'__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__',
'__getnewargs__', '__getstate__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__',
'__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__',
'__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__',
'__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__',
'__subclasshook__', 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode',
'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum',
'isalpha', 'isascii', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit', 'isidentifier', 'islower',
'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust',
'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans', 'partition', 'removeprefix', 'removesuffix',
'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip',
'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate',
'upper', 'zfill']
[40]: # capitalize()
s = "this is python"
[41]: s
[41]: 'this is python'
[42]: s.capitalize()
[42]: 'This is python'
[43]: s
[43]: 'this is python'
[ ]: a
[ ]: # upper()
[54]: s = "this is python"
[58]: s_upper_case = s.upper()
[59]: s_upper_case
[59]: 'THIS IS PYTHON'
[ ]: # lower()
[60]: s = 'THIS IS PYTHON'
4
[61]: s.lower()
[61]: 'this is python'
[ ]: # swapcase()
lower to upper
upper to lower
[62]: "apple BANANA".swapcase()
[62]: 'APPLE banana'
[ ]: # The methods which return bool values
[ ]: startswith()
[63]: s = "Python is a programming language"
[64]: s.startswith("P")
[64]: True
[65]: s.startswith("Z")
[65]: False
[66]: s.startswith("Python")
[66]: True
[ ]: # endswith()
[67]: s.endswith("Z")
[67]: False
[68]: s.endswith("e")
[68]: True
[69]: s.endswith("guage")
[69]: True
[ ]: isalpha
isnumeric
isalnum
5
[70]: # isalpha - True for alphabets and false for other char
s1 = "abc" # True
s2 = "123abc" # False
s3 = "$$$$" # False
s4 = "121323" # False
print(s1.isalpha())
print(s2.isalpha())
print(s3.isalpha())
print(s4.isalpha())
True
False
False
False
[71]: # isnumeric - True for numbers and false for other char
s1 = "abc" # false
s2 = "123abc" # False
s3 = "$$$$" # False
s4 = "121323" # True
print(s1.isnumeric())
print(s2.isnumeric())
print(s3.isnumeric())
print(s4.isnumeric())
False
False
False
True
[76]: # isalnum - True for if the string contains alphabet or number false otherwise
s1 = "abc" # True
s2 = "123abc" # True
s3 = "$$$$" # False
s4 = "121323" # True
print(s1.isalnum())
print(s2.isalnum())
print(s3.isalnum())
print(s4.isalnum())
s5 = "�����"
print(s5.isalnum())
True
True
False
True
False
6
[75]: # isascii
# isalnum - True for if the string is having an ASCII value false otherwise
s1 = "abc" # True
s2 = "123abc" # True
s3 = "$$$$" # True
s4 = "121323" # True
s5 = "�����" # False
print(s1.isascii())
print(s2.isascii())
print(s3.isascii())
print(s4.isascii())
print(s5.isascii())
True
True
True
True
False
[77]: # islower()
s = "hello"
s.islower()
[77]: True
[78]: s = "Hello"
s.islower()
[78]: False
[ ]: # isupper()
[79]: s = "hello"
s.isupper()
[79]: False
[80]: s = "HELLO"
s.isupper()
[80]: True
[ ]: strip
rstrip
lstrip
[ ]: strip()
7
[81]: s = " Welcome "
[82]: s
[82]: ' Welcome '
[83]: s.strip()
[83]: 'Welcome'
[84]: s = "************Welcome**************"
s.strip("*")
[84]: 'Welcome'
[85]: # rstrip()
s = " Welcome "
s.rstrip()
[85]: ' Welcome'
[86]: s = "************Welcome**************"
s.rstrip("*")
[86]: '************Welcome'
[87]: # lstrip()
s = " Welcome "
s.lstrip()
[87]: 'Welcome '
[88]: s = "************Welcome**************"
s.lstrip("*")
[88]: 'Welcome**************'
[89]: input("Enter the Password: ")
Enter the Password: Password
[89]: ' Password'
[95]: "Welcome".strip("Wle")
[95]: 'com'
[ ]: find
rfind
8
index
rindex
[ ]: # find() - it give the index number of first occurance of the specified char or␣
↪group of char from L to R
[100]: s = "Usman c loves to play chess"
s.find("c")
[100]: 6
[ ]: # rfind - it give the index number of first occurance of the specified char or␣
↪group of char from R to L
NOTE - it only gives positive index number only
[101]: s = "Usman c loves to play chess"
s.rfind("c")
[101]: 22
[102]: s = "nUsman"
s.find("n")
[102]: 0
[104]: s = "nUsnman"
s.rfind("n")
[104]: 6
[ ]: # index() - it give the index number of first occurance of the specified char␣
↪or group of char from L to R
[105]: s = "Usman c loves to play chess"
s.index("c")
[105]: 6
[ ]: # rindex - it give the index number of first occurance of the specified char or␣
↪group of char from R to L
NOTE - it only gives positive index number only
[106]: s = "nUsnman"
s.rindex("n")
[106]: 6
[ ]: # difference between find() and index()
9
[107]: s = "Football"
[108]: s.find("Z")
[108]: -1
[111]: s.index("Z")
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[111], line 1
----> 1 s.index("Z")
ValueError: substring not found
[ ]: ljust - leftadjustment
rjust - rightadjustment
[ ]: Indian
[112]: a = "Indian"
[113]: a.ljust(30)
[113]: 'Indian '
[ ]: 30
6
24
[114]: a.ljust(30 , "*")
[114]: 'Indian************************'
[115]: a.rjust(30)
[115]: ' Indian'
[ ]: split()
join()
[ ]: split() ---> converts a sting to a list
NOTE - delimiter by default is " "
[116]: s = "Usman loves to play chess"
[117]: s
10
[117]: 'Usman loves to play chess'
[118]: s.split()
[118]: ['Usman', 'loves', 'to', 'play', 'chess']
[120]: s = "Usman@loves@to@play@chess"
s.split("@")
[120]: ['Usman', 'loves', 'to', 'play', 'chess']
[121]: l = s.split("@")
l
[121]: ['Usman', 'loves', 'to', 'play', 'chess']
[ ]: join() - convert a list to a string
[123]: " ".join(l)
[123]: 'Usman loves to play chess'
[124]: "@".join(l)
[124]: 'Usman@loves@to@play@chess'
[129]: print(list(s))
['U', 's', 'm', 'a', 'n', '@', 'l', 'o', 'v', 'e', 's', '@', 't', 'o', '@', 'p',
'l', 'a', 'y', '@', 'c', 'h', 'e', 's', 's']
[ ]: replace
count
[ ]: # replace - it replaces old char to new char
[130]: s = "Usman loves to play chess"
s.replace("chess" , "football")
[130]: 'Usman loves to play football'
[132]: new_str = s.replace("chess" , "football")
new_str
[132]: 'Usman loves to play football'
[ ]: count()
[135]: new_str
11
[135]: 'Usman loves to play football'
[138]: new_str.count("o")
[138]: 4
[139]: a = "hello" # Immutable
b = [500 , 600 ,300] # mutable
[140]: a[0]
[140]: 'h'
[141]: a[0] = "D"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[141], line 1
----> 1 a[0] = "D"
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
[142]: b[0]
[142]: 500
[143]: b[0] = -1000
[144]: b
[144]: [-1000, 600, 300]
[146]: s = "Usman@loves@,to@play@chess"
s.split("@,")
[146]: ['Usman@loves', 'to@play@chess']
[147]: s="I love to play football"
s.replace("I love to play football", "I love to play chess")
[147]: 'I love to play chess'
[148]: s
[148]: 'I love to play football'
12
[149]: s = "Usman loves to play chess"
s.split()
[149]: ['Usman', 'loves', 'to', 'play', 'chess']
[150]: l = ['Usman', 'loves', 'to', 'play', 'chess']
[151]: l
[151]: ['Usman', 'loves', 'to', 'play', 'chess']
[152]: " ".join(l)
[152]: 'Usman loves to play chess'
[153]: a = "lionel messi"
[154]: a[1: :-1]
[154]: 'il'
[ ]: i
[155]: a[1: :1]
[155]: 'ionel messi'
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