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General Knowledge Study Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Indian history, covering ancient, medieval, and modern periods, highlighting key civilizations, empires, and events. It also outlines the Indian Constitution, its features, fundamental rights, and important articles. Key historical milestones include the establishment of the Maurya Empire, the Mughal Empire, and India's independence in 1947.

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8 views2 pages

General Knowledge Study Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Indian history, covering ancient, medieval, and modern periods, highlighting key civilizations, empires, and events. It also outlines the Indian Constitution, its features, fundamental rights, and important articles. Key historical milestones include the establishment of the Maurya Empire, the Mughal Empire, and India's independence in 1947.

Uploaded by

faltugroup870
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pavan , General Knowledge Study Notes

(History & Indian Constitution)


1. Indian History - Ancient India
Ancient Indian history includes the Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic Period, Maurya Empire,
and Gupta Empire.

Important Points
1. Indus Valley Civilization (2500 BCE - 1500 BCE): Known for town planning, drainage
system, cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
2. Vedic Period: Introduction of Vedas, caste system, and early Hinduism.
3. Maurya Empire (321 BCE - 185 BCE): Founded by Chandragupta Maurya, greatest ruler
was Ashoka.
4. Gupta Empire (320 CE - 550 CE): Known as Golden Age of India, achievements in art,
literature, science.

2. Indian History - Medieval India


Medieval India witnessed the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire.

Important Points
1. Delhi Sultanate (1206 - 1526): Five dynasties ruled, famous ruler Alauddin Khilji.
2. Mughal Empire (1526 - 1857): Founded by Babur, famous rulers included Akbar, Shah
Jahan, Aurangzeb.
Akbar known for religious tolerance, Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal.

3. Indian History - Modern India


Modern Indian history includes British rule, freedom struggle, and independence in 1947.

Important Points
1. Battle of Plassey (1757): British East India Company established political control.
2. Revolt of 1857: First War of Independence.
3. Indian National Congress founded in 1885.
4. Mahatma Gandhi led movements like Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, Quit India.
5. India got independence on 15th August 1947.
4. Indian Constitution - Introduction
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It was adopted on 26th November
1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950.

5. Features of Indian Constitution


1. Longest written constitution in the world.
2. Federal system with unitary features.
3. Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties.
4. Directive Principles of State Policy.
5. Independent Judiciary.
6. Universal Adult Franchise (right to vote at 18 years).

6. Fundamental Rights
There are 6 Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution:
1. Right to Equality
2. Right to Freedom
3. Right against Exploitation
4. Right to Freedom of Religion
5. Cultural and Educational Rights
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies

7. Important Articles of Constitution


Article 14 - Equality before law
Article 19 - Freedom of Speech
Article 21 - Right to Life and Personal Liberty
Article 32 - Right to Constitutional Remedies
Article 370 - Special status to Jammu & Kashmir (abrogated in 2019)

8. Exercises
1. Who was the founder of Maurya Empire?
2. Name the monument built by Shah Jahan.
3. When did India get independence?
4. Who is known as the Father of the Nation?
5. When was the Constitution of India adopted?
6. Write any two Fundamental Rights.
7. What does Article 21 guarantee?

Thank you

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