SAFE CHEMICAL HANDLING

OSH PROGRAM
FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

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Learning Outcome

1 Understand the toxicological reaction

2 Determine control measures for chemical handling

3 Explain the processes and step in Safety Data Sheet

4 Understand chemical accident process

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Why we need to manage chemical ?
BENEFIT
ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Medical – Control and
Effect on health
prevent disease in
• Fire & Explosion
• Effects to health
YES human
• Agriculture – control
pest, insect
• Damage the • Houseware
environment
• Building materials
Chemical accidents,
• Cosmetics
Incidences & Poisoning

NO • Nutritional supplements

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Factor Contributing to Hazardous Situation
- Route of Entry

Chemical -
a) a substance which is a chemical
element and its compounds in the
natural state or obtained by any
manufacturing process
b) a chemical mixture which is a
mixture or solution composed of two
or more substances which do not
react - for use at a place of work
Hazardous chemical - a chemical
classified as a hazardous chemical
Human body is exposed to chemical
through skin, lungs, nose and mouth

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Symptom exposed
or affected by Feeling off colour
chemical
01

Light headache Nausea

07 02

Vomitting 06 03 Dizziness

Unwell with high 05 04

temperature Feeling unwell
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Legislative Req.

OSHA USECHH CLASS

1994 2000 2013

• Section 15 • Chemical
• Classification
Responsibilities Register
of Employer • CHRA • Packaging
• The
• Labelling
• Section 24 requirement
Responsibilities of SDS • Safety Data
of Employees • Information,
Sheet
Training &
Supervision

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PRINCIPLE OF HEALTH RISK CONTROL

All hazards can be controlled in some manner

and to some degree.

There are usually many alternate methods of

control.

Some methods are better than others.

Some situations will require more than one

control method to obtain optimum results.

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PRACTICABLE (REGULATION 14)

The state of
knowledge about the
The severity of the
hazard or risk and any
hazard or risk in
way of removing or
questions.
mitigating the hazard
or risk.

The availability and

The cost of removing
suitability of ways to
or mitigating the
remove or mitigate the
hazard or risk.
hazard or risk.

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 CONTROL MEASURES (REGULATION 15)

Elimination Hazardous chemical should be eliminated wherever

of hazard practicable.
or risk:
Using a physical process rather than a chemical process to
clean an object, e.g. ultrasonic cleaning.

Using clips, clamps or bolts instead of adhesive.

Purchasing supplies of materials in already cut and sized form

rather than carrying out dust producing cutting process on site.

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 CONTROL MEASURES (REGULATION 15)

Substitution: Substituting a less hazardous chemicals for a hazardous one;

using chemical, the same chemical in a less hazardous form; or
using the same chemical in a less hazardous process.

Substitution of materials: replacing a chlorinated degreasing

solvent with a detergent, using a water-based paint in place of an
organic solvent-based paint, using a chemical in paste or pallet
form rather than a dusty form.

Substitution of process or equipment: brush application of paint

rather than aerosol application; dipping in a paint bath rather than
spray painting.

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 CONTROL MEASURES (REGULATION 15)

Removing the source of hazard exposure from the workers’

Isolation: environment.
Placing the source in another location where the workers are unlikely to
come in contact with.
Enclosing or shielding the source with physical barriers.

Automating the process so that it operates within a closed system.

Separation of the process from people by distance or the use of

barriers to prevent exposure.
Removal and storage of materials in separate location.

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 CONTROL MEASURES (REGULATION 15)

Engineering Plant, processes or equipment that minimises the

controls: generation of hazardous substance, suppress or
contain hazardous substances.
Enclosure or partial enclosure, ventilation,
automation of process, and water spray.

Ventilated booth for spray painting, robot welding,

automation of the removal of objects from
degreasing both, closed reaction vessel.

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 CONTROL MEASURES (REGULATION 15)

Safe Formal work procedures that results from systematic examination of

a task in order to identify all hazards.
work
system Integration of men, machinery and materials in the correct
and environment to produce the safest possible conditions in a specific
work area.
practices:
Permit to work: written system detailing out the work to be done and
precautions to be taken to prevent injury or damage from hazard.

Safe operating procedure: a written system, detailing step-by-step

instruction on how perform a task safely.

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 CONTROL MEASURES (REGULATION 15)

Personal Seen as a “last resort” or “last line of defence” approach in that they
are least preferred over the other control methods due to problems
protective associated with workers’ compliance and cooperation.
equipment
(PPE): Situations where PPE may be necessary: where is not technically
feasible to achieve adequate control by other means; necessary to
safeguard health until such time as adequate control is achieved by
other means; during routine maintenance operations.

Respiratory protection (air-purifying respirators), ear protection (ear

plugs and ear muffs), eye protection (safety glass), skin protection
(gloves), head protection (helmets), other protection (safety shoes).

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CONTROL MEASURES (REGULATION 15)

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LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION

• A useful method for controlling the air quality that the

workers encounters.
• Remove air pollutant from the breathing zone of the
workers.
• Remove contaminants that are generated at a local source.
• Include the hood, duct, air mover, air filter, and a vent or
outlet.

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LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION

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CONTROL OF EXPOSURE TO CARCINOGEN
• The total enclosure of the process and handling system unless this is not reasonably
practicable.
• Plant, processes, and systems of work which minimises the generation of, or suppress,
and contain, spills, leaks, dust, fumes and vapours of carcinogen.
• Limitation of quantities of a carcinogen at the place of work.
• Keeping the number of person who might be exposed to a carcinogen to a minimum.
• Prohibiting eating, drinking and smoking in areas that might be contaminated by
carcinogen.
• The provision of hygiene measure including adequate washing facilities and regular
cleaning of walls and surfaces.
• The designation of those areas and installations which may be contaminated by
carcinogens, and the use of suitable and sufficient warning signs.
• The safe storage, handling and disposal of carcinogens and use of closed and clearly
labelled containers.

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MONITORING

• The use of valid and suitable technique to derive a quantitative

estimate of exposure of employees to hazardous substance.
• Periodic and/or continuous sampling of workplace atmosphere
to derive quantitative measures of exposure to hazardous
substance through inhalation.
• A relevant exposure standard against which to compare the
result obtained.
• A standard method of analysis which is approved shall be
used.
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MONITORING

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HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

• Assist in minimising the risk to health from hazardous

substances for which there are known acceptable health
surveillance procedures by:
✓Confirming that the absorbed dose are below the acceptable
level
✓Indicating biological effects requiring reduction of exposure
✓Collecting data to evaluate exposure
• Shall be performed under the supervision of a registered
medical practitioner adequately trained in the requisite testing.

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INFORMATION, INSTRUCTION, AND TRAINING

• To improve awareness of safety and health hazards, to

expand the knowledge of the causes of illness, and to
promote the implementation of effective preventive
measures.
• The information to be given: the nature and degree of the
risk, the control measures adopted, PPE, monitoring
procedures, health surveillance.
• Training on the method of control, PPE and emergency
measures.
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LABELLING AND RELABELLING

• To ensure that the contents of a container can be readily

identified by product name.
• To draw attention of a person who is handling or using a
hazardous chemical.
• When the labels are removed, defaced, modified or altered
while chemical being used, employer shall relabelled the
container.

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WARNING SIGNS

• Posted at any area where a chemical hazardous to health

may or likely to be at risk to the health of any person.
• Shall be posted at conspicuous place at every entrance of
the area.
• Shall have the following feature:
✓Give warning of the hazard
✓Written in National and English language
✓Attract attention to facilitate identification
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Hazard Classification

Physical hazards
Health hazards

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Hazard Classification & Pictogram

Hazard Pictogram
Environmental hazards

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Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Safety Data Sheet means an updated information sheet required
under Part V containing information relevant to hazardous
chemicals (CLASS Reg 2013) To ensure that users of
hazardous chemicals recognize
The objective of SDS have the symptoms of overexposure
four as followings:
To make users of hazardous
chemicals understand safety
recommendations and the
rationale for these To encourage the users of
recommendations hazardous chemicals to provide
inputs in establishing strategies
and recommendations for the
To create awareness among safe use of the hazardous
users of hazardous chemicals of chemicals
the consequences of failure to
comply with the recommendations

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Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
SDS shall be written both in national language and English language

Section 1: Identification of the hazardous Section 9: Physical and chemical

chemical and of the supplier; properties;
Section 2: Hazard identification; Section 10: Stability and reactivity;
Section 3: Composition and information of Section 11: Toxicological information;
the ingredients of the hazardous
Section 12: Ecological information;
chemical;
Section 13: Disposal information;
Section 4: First-aid measures;
Section 14: Transportation information;
Section 5: Fire-fighting measures;
Section 15: Regulatory information; and
Section 6: Accidental release measures;
Section 16: Other information.
Section 7: Handling and storage;
Section 8: Exposure controls and
personal protection;

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Section 1: Identification of the hazardous chemical and of the supplier

(a) Product identifier;

(b) Other means of identification;
(c) Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use;
(d) Details of principal suppliers (including name, address, phone
number, etc.);
(e) Emergency phone number.

Section 2: Hazard identification

(a) Classification of the substance /mixture and any nation or

regional information;
(b) Label elements (hazard pictogram or symbol, signal word,
hazard statement and precautionary statements).
(c) Other hazards which do not result in classification

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 Section 3: Composition and information of the ingredients of the
hazardous chemical

Identify Substance & Mixture

(a) Chemical identity;
(b) Common name, synonyms, etc;
(c) CAS number and other unique identifiers;
(d) Impurities and stabilizing additives

Section 4: First-aid measures

(a) Description of necessary measures, subdivided according to the

different routes of exposure
(b) Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed;
(c) Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment
needed, if necessary.

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Section 5: Fire-fighting measures

(a) Suitable (and unsuitable) extinguishing media;

(b) Specific hazards arising from the chemical
(c) Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters.

Section 6: Accidental release measures

(a) Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency

procedures;
(b) Environmental precautions;
(c) Methods and material for containment and cleaning.

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Section 7: Handling and storage

(a) Precautions for safe handling;

(b) Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Section 8: Exposure controls and personal protection

(a) Control parameters e.g. permissible exposure limit and

biological limit values;
(b) Appropriate engineering controls;
(c) Individual protection measures, such as PPE

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Section 9: Physical and chemical properties
(a) Appearance (physical state, colour, etc.); (k) Vapour pressure;
(b) Odour; (l) Vapour density;
(c) Odour threshold; (m) Relative density;
(d) pH; (n) Solubility(ies);
(e) Melting point/freezing point; (o) Partition coefficient : n-octanol/water;
(f) Initial boiling point and boiling range; (p) Auto-ignition temperature;
(g) Flash point; (q) Decomposition temperature;
(h) Evaporation rate; (r) Viscosity.
(i) Flammability (solid, gas);
(j) Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits;

Section 10: Stability and reactivity

(a) Reactivity;
(b) Chemical stability;
(c) Possibility of hazardous reactions;
(d) Condition to avoid (e.g. static discharge, shock or vibration);
(e) Incompatible materials;
(f) Hazardous decomposition products.

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Section 11: Toxicological information

(a) Information on the likely routes of exposure

(b) Symptoms related to the physical, chemical and toxicological
characteristics;
(c) Delayed and immediate effects and also chronic affects from
short and long term exposure;
(d) Numerical measures of toxicity

Section 12: Ecological information

(a) Ecotoxicity (aquatic and terrestrial, where available);

(b) Persistence and degradability;
(c) Bioaccumulative potential;
(d) Mobility in soil;
(e) Other adverse effects.

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Section 13: Disposal information

Description of waste residues and information on

their safe handling and method of disposal, including
the disposal of any contaminated packaging

Section 14: Transportation information

(a) UN number;
(b) UN proper shipping name;
(c) Transport hazard class(es);
(d) Packing group, if applicable;
(e) Environmental hazards
(f) Transport in bulk
(g) Special precautions

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Section 15: Regulatory information

Safety, health and environmental regulations

specific for the product in question

Section 16: Other information

(a) Date of preparation of the SDS;

(b) Date of revision of the SDS;
(c) Key literature references and sources for data used to compile
the SDS;
(d) Key/legend to the abbreviations and acronyms used in the SDS;
(e) Other information deems necessary by a supplier.

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Chemical Accidents

Itai-Itai and Minnamata Disease

• Itai-itai disease given to the mass
cadmium poisoning of Toyama
Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912.
• Effects of itai-itai include weak and brittle
bones, spine and leg pain, coughing,
anemia, and kidney failure.
• Minnamata disease caused by severe
mercury poisoning in the city of
Minnamata, Japan in 1956.
• Effects of minnamata include numbness
in the hands and feet, general muscle
weakness, loss of peripheral vision, and
damage to hearing and speech.

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Chemical Accidents

Bhopal Disaster
• Chemical accident on the night of 2
December 1984 at pesticide plant in
Bhopal, India.
• 500 000 people in the small towns
around the plant were exposed to the
highly toxic gas methyl isocyanate.
• Initial effects of exposure were
coughing, severe eye irritation and a
feeling of suffocation, burning in the
respiratory tract, stomach pains, and
vomiting.
• 3 787 victims killed and 574 366 injured
victims.

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"If you want to achieve greatness stop asking for permission." --Anonymous

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