CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Urban design is that branch of planning primarily concerned with the
functional visual relationship between people and the physical environment and the
ways in which that relationship can be consciously improved. As such design is
directly involved with many substantive areas of planning, including housing,
transportation, open space, institutional services, commerce and industry.
The practice of urban design is based on the assumption that the physical
environment can be designed, and that a designed physical form can be created
through the use of various design methods, It assumes that economics and political
forces can be influenced within the urban design process described in urban design
is generally understood to function as a part of the public sector, where it can serve
to stimulate, guide and influence actions of the private sector.
Urban design operates on various scales from orienting people through the
layout and hierarchy of streets and buildings, to valuing an attractive paving detail
in front of a store’s door. The ideas can be applied to buildings, the street, land
uses, urban park development, and anything else that is woven into the fabric of a
town. The purpose of this article is to provide you with a basic introduction to
urban design, an introduction which hopefully will lead you to further explore this
vital topic.
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Urban design can be categorized into four basic components. This includes
I. Factor
II. Elements
III. Form
IV. Principle/ concepts
1.1 Aim And Objectives
The main aim of this report is to analyze the existing situation of the site and
to make proposal that will promote character in townscape and landscape by
responding to and reinforcing locally distinctive patterns of development,
landscape and culture.
Objectives
1. To improve the living standard of people in the state and country
generally.
2. To create good relationship between the proposed institution and its
environment.
3. To prepare a through site analysis of the proposed site as to inject long-
range consideration.
4. To examine the state of physical, social, and economic wellbeing of the
people in the study area;
5. To make design/proposal to guide futuristic growth and development of
its immediate locality.
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1.2 IMPORTANT OF URBAN DESIGN
The investigation of the World Bank reveals that the urban design centres of the
Third World Countries Account for at least 50 to 70 percent of their national
income (gross national product). This is due to the fact that urban settlements are
the major centres of capital investments, especially in industrial and commercial
enterprises.
In planned cities, physical and social infrastructure times are of standard location,
provision and management, consequently, secondary and tertiary industries are
able to operate efficiently to fosters economic growth. The residents of planned
cities are also more physically, mentally, psychologically and spiritually hearltmer
than those of poorly planned or unplanned cities making them more industrious
and efficient and therefore more economically productive resulting in the
enhancement of their standard of living.
1.3 URBAN DESIGN FACTORS
I. The factors that are fundamental to efficient urban design are:
II. The creation of efficient urban and layout plans.
III. The creation of an efficient circulation system including the provision of
access roads to all land uses, buildings and structure.
IV. The provision of adequate and standard public utilities especially water and
electricity supplies sewerage and drainage system.
V. The provision of adequate and standard social infrastructures of which
educational and health facilities stand out
VI. The provision of adequate and standard areas and facilities for both formal
and informal recreation.
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CHAPTER TWO
2.1 The Study Area
The site is located along Abeokuta, Shagamu expressway. Oke-Mosan,
Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, situated in the basement complex of southern
Nigeria. The study area is located on latitude 07˚07ʹ8.0ʹʹ and 07˚07ʹ28.0ʹʹ and
longitude 03˚23ʹ12.0ʹʹ and 03˚23ʹ26.0ʹʹ which is along Shagamu-Abeokuta express
road The site which covers about 10.53hectares of land is located on an underlain
by crystalline rocks of Precambrian Basement Complex of Southwestern Nigeria.
Ogun is a state in southwestern Nigeria. Created in 1976, it borders Lagos
State to the south, Oyo and Osun states to the north, Ondo to the east and
theRepublic of Benin to the west. Abeokuta is the capital and largest city in the
state. The state's nickname is "Gateway to Nigeria". It was created in February
1976 from the former Western State. The 2006 census recorded a total population
of 3,751,140 residents, other cities and towns in the Ogun State are Ijebu Ode,
Sagamu ,Ijebu Igbo,ogere Remo, Iperu, Ilaro, Ayetoro andOta.
Fig 1: Map of Nigeria showing Ogun State. It is denoted with colour pink.
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Fig 2: Ogun State showing Abeokuta South Local Government. it is denoted
with Colour lemon green.
2.2 SITE ANALYSIS
Site analysis as a bedrock in which urban planning design must base upon. It
involves through evaluation and synthesized outfit that source environmental most
posses before approving or make use of such land.
To assure or know the details and suitability of an area, various survey have to be
conducted, which including the;
Base map
Slope analysis
Elevation analysis
Site potential
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Asset and constraints analysis
Slope profile analysis
Facilities map
2.3 ELEVATION ANALYSIS
This deals with the terrain of the land. It shows the highest and lowest structure
of the site. The mathematical expression for the elevation map is:
Highest contour value- Lowest contour value
The highest contour value on the map is 160m while the lowest contour value is
142m. After all the calculations, The analysis is grouped into three categories,
which are in the range of:
Range Depict
142m-148m
149m-155m
156m-160m
2.4 SLOPE ANALYSIS
Slope analysis is the map produced to shows the various textual traits and
slopes of varying degrees, this will enable to appreciate easily the topography
nature of the area with the acceptable limits for development.
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Hatching between contour lined is a simple technique that can be used to get the
accurate calculation, its represented does the closer the hatching the steeper the
slopes.
Slopes of an area is been calculated in the following way,
Vertical interval X 100
Horizontal equivalent 1
The resulted of the slope analysis conducted, stated the following result
Variations Range Colour Area (sqm) Percent
Flat land 0-2 0.36 3.42
Gentle slope 2.1-6 6.93 65.81
Moderate 6.1-12 3.12 29.63
slope
Steep slope 12 Above 0.12 1.14
10.53 100
2.5 ASSET AND CONSTRAINT ANALYSIS
This shows the positive and negative physical features on a site.
Asset: This shows the positive physical features on the site. The site have
following asset:
I. The existing road
II. The gentle/ flat areas on the site
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Constraint: This shows the negative physical features on the site. The
constraints in the site include:
I. The steeper areas on the sit
II.6SITE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL ANALYSIS
Site development potential it map that show the details development suitability of
the site is can be determine through the topography (slope) nature of the area.
Site development potential is categorized into three (3) parts:
High development potential (suitable for development)
Medium development potential (condtional development)
Low development potential ( not suitable for development)
Range Depict
Highly developable
Developable
2.6.1 Slope profile map
The slope profile map shows a side view and shappiness of the site where a
segment line drawn an a topographic map of the site.
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CHAPTER THREE
3.0 INTRODUCTIN TO THE ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS
This design is basically prepared to allocate sub divided and plan of a public
utilities, with the future physical form and structure is meant the spatial pattern or
arrangement if urban land uses on a functional basis. Life is about learning, apart
from living, education forms the foundation of every society. Education is
responsible for the economic, social, and political growth and development of
society in general. The thread of the growth of society depends upon the quality of
education that is being imparted. Therefore; schools play an important role in
moulding a nation’s future by facilitating all round development of its future
citizens (children and youths; this is based on the fact that, the children of today
are the adult citizens of tomorrow). Hence, education is one of the key components
that bring growth, development and progress into society. The more people in a
given society are educated, the more they can provide a beneficial contribution to
their environment. This fact increases the importance of education in many
societies and has resulted in both governments and private institutions investment
in education more than ever before. A school is an educational
institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for
the teaching of students (or "pupils") under the direction of teachers. In Nigeria,
the term school broadly covers day-cares, nursery schools, primary
schools, secondary schools and tertiary institutions. Primary and secondary
schools are either privately funded by religious institutions and corporate
organisations, or government-funded. Government-funded schools are commonly
referred to as public schools. Today, schools have become more expensive to
operate, and educationists are increasingly concerned with questions of quality,
cost, effectiveness, and efficiency.
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3.1 ALTERNATIVE A
The land allocated for various public uses, the total hectares of land 10.53 is to be
use for the proposed public use (Institution)
1. Allocation of land for public use 8.77 hectares of land
2. Allocation of land for recreation use 1.10 hectares of land
3. Circulation (Transportation) is been allocated with 0.66 hectares of land
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Land Use Hectares Colour Percentage
Public 8.77 83.29
Recreation 1.10 10.45
Transportation 0.66 6.27
Total 10.53 100
3.2 ALTERNATIVE B
This alternative is prepared to show the amendment which are required to meet
transaction ability and usage.
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It contains the following features
1. Allocation of land for recreation use 1.10hectares of land
2. Provision of land for public use 8.55hectares of land
3. Creation of more accessibility 0.88hectares of land
Land Use Hectares Colour Percentage
Public 8.55 81.20
Recreation 1.10 10.45
Transportation 0.88 8.36
Total 10.53 100
3.3 PROPOSAL DETAILS OF ALTERNATIVE A
Administrative Block: the office is the office of the head of the administration
where administrative functions will be carried out for the smooth running of the
development.
Sporting Complex: this is a place designated for recreational activities both field
and track events such as football and others.
The Parking Area: this is a designated area within the site for parking of vehicles.
The space provided is for effective parking by lecturers, parents and visitors within
the site of the development. It is designed to accommodate enough vehicles at a
time. This provision for parking will be in accordance to the Ogun State Building
Regulations 2010.
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Religious Centre: this is meant for a place of worship both the Islam student and
Christian and for the visitors as well.
HEALTH CENTRE: This should be provided for the workers to help them live
healthier and also when any casual accidents.
INSTITUTION: The institution proposed in this site mainly for those who will be
come to learn either from the craft industry or dry industry. The technical school
could be used to train new employees who don’t have knowledge about the work.
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3.4 PHASING PLAN
Phasing is very important in planning for a particular area, because it will facilities
monitoring and the execution of the proposed project for the up liftment of the site.
Also it enables the execution of the program to be effectively done.
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 EVALUATION
Evaluation is the process of taking different possible courses of action, setting
them side by side and drawing a conclusion as to their respective merits, merits
will depend both on the extent to which each alternative satisfies the values of the
evaluation and the degree of certainly it possesses. The evaluation method which is
mostly used in assessing studies in order to make planning decisions is the cost
benefit analysis, with its best known variant, the planning balances sheet and the
goals achievement.
The following are the factors that were considered before choosing the most
preferred concept;
1. COST: This is concerned about the finance that will be required in the
implementation of the plans.
2. AESTHETIC: This is concerned about the beauty and art of each concept.
3. FLEXIBILITY: ‘Change’ as they say is constant. The plan must be flexible
so as to aid easy modification of the design as change occurs. It also helps to
know if the given project can be possible.
4. SAFETY: The safety of lives and property must be put into consideration
whenever plans are been formulated.
5. ACCESSIBILITY: There must be roads for the people in that community
for the easy flow of traffic and there are different types of roads namely.
The table below shows the different criteria used in the choice of the concept
and also the reasons for preferring the concept plan to the alternative.
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Table 4: EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES
CRITERIA PREFERED [A] ALTERNATIVE [B]
ACCESSIBILITY 3 4
SAFETY 4 4
COST 3 4
FLEXIBILTY 3 4
AESTHETIC 4 5
TOTAL 17 21
4.1 Conclusions
With all the site analysis prepared and the visitation to site, we were able to come
into conclusion that the land is suitable for urban design. The existing road serves
as an asset to the site; it is the route that link to the site from different place. In
taken all the site analysis into consideration, there is no much constraint in on the
site except the valley/ hill land and this can be rectifies by filling and leveling the
land during construction.
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