Electromagnetic Induction 1

Chapter
23
Electromagnetic Induction
Magnetic Flux is produced in the circuit called induced emf. The induced emf

(1) The total number of magnetic lines of force passing persists only as long as there is change or cutting of flux.

normally through an area placed in a magnetic field is equal to (2) Second law : The induced emf is given by rate of change of

the magnetic flux linked with that d  . For N turns
dA area.
 magnetic flux linked with the circuit i.e. e  
B dt

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Fig. 23.1
e
N d
dt
; Negative sign indicates that induced emf (e)

opposes the change of flux.

(3) Other formulae :  = BA cos ; Hence  will change if
either, B, A or  will change
d N (2  1 ) NA (B2  B1 ) cos 
So e   N  
  dt t t

(2) Net flux through the surface   B  d A  BA cos θ

NBA(cos 2  cos1 )
( is the angle between area vector and magnetic field t

vector) Table 23.1 : Induced i, q and P

If  = 0o then  = BA, If  = 90o then  = 0
Induced current (i) Induced charge ( q) Induced power (P)
(3) Unit and Dimension : Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity.
It’s S.I. unit is weber (wb), CGS unit is Maxwell or Gauss × cm2; e N d N e2 N 2  d 
2
i  . dq  i dt    d P   
R R dt R R R  dt 
( 1 wb  10 8 Maxwell ).
Induced charge is
(4) Other units : Tesla × m2 It depends on time
N  m Joule Volt Coulomb time independent.
   and resistance
Amp Amp Amp
 Volt sec = Ohm × Coulomb = Henry × Amp. It’s Lenz's Law
dimensional formula [] = [ML T A
2 –2 –1]
This law gives the direction of induced emf/induced current.
Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
According to this law, the direction of induced emf or current in a
(1) First law : Whenever the number of magnetic lines of
circuit is such as to oppose the cause that produces it. This law
force (magnetic flux) passing through a circuit changes an emf
is based upon law of conservation of energy.
 2 Electromagnetic Induction
(1) When N-pole of a bar magnet moves towards the coil, induced current as seen by observer O is in anticlockwise

the flux associated with loop increases and an emf is induced in direction. (figure)

it. Since the circuit of loop is closed, induced current also flows
v
in it.
S N N

(2) Cause of this induced current, is approach of north pole

Observer
and therefore to oppose the cause, i.e., to repel the approaching
Fig. 23.2
north pole, the induced current in loop is in such a direction so

that the front face of loop behaves as north pole. Therefore

Table 23.2 : The various positions of relative motion between the magnet and the coil

S N G S N G N S G N S G
Position of magnet Observer Observer
Observer Observer

Direction of induced Anticlockwise direction Clockwise direction Clockwise direction Anticlockwise direction
current

Behaviour of face of As a north pole As a south pole As a south pole As a north pole
the coil

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Type of magnetic

Magnetic field linked

Repulsive force

Cross (×), Increases

Attractive force

Cross (×), Decreases

Repulsive force

Dots () Increases

Attractive force

Dots () Decreases

with the coil and it’s
progress as viewed
from left

(3) If the loop is free to move the cause of induced emf in A time varying magnetic field
dB
always produced
dt
the coil can also be termed as relative motion. Therefore to
induced electric field in all space surrounding it.
oppose the cause, the relative motion between the approaching
magnet and the loop should be opposed. For this, the loop will Induced electric field (Ein) is directly proportional to induced
 
itself start moving in the direction of motion of the magnet. 
emf so e  Ein  d l ..…(i)

(4) It is important to remember that whenever cause of d

From Faraday's second laws e   ..…(ii)
dt
induced emf is relative motion, the new motion is always in the
  d
direction of motion of the cause. 
From (i) and (ii) e  Ein.d l  
dt
This is known as

Induced Electric Field integral form of Faraday’s laws of EMI.

It is non-conservative and non-electrostatic in nature. Its
dB/dt in cylindrical space  
field lines are concentric circular closed curves. B(t) 
  P
  
       r
 
      
 
Concentric circular field    

 a 
lines of induced electric 

field existing
(A) everywhere inside and (B)

outside Fig.
of 23.3
cylindrical
space
 Electromagnetic Induction 1295

(3) Motion of conducting rod on an inclined plane : When

A uniform but time varying magnetic field B(t) exists in a
conductor start sliding from the top of an inclined plane as
circular region of radius ‘a’ and is directed into the plane of the
paper as shown, the magnitude of the induced electric field ( Ein) shown, it moves perpendicular to it’s length but at an angle
 Fm cos
at point P lies at a distance r from the centre of the circular (90   ) with the Q
direction ofBmagnetic field. R
 (90 – )
region is calculated as follows. Fm
mg cos (90–)
P v
  d

dB dB
So Eind l  e  A i.e. E(2r)  a 2 
R
mg 
dt dt dt
(A) (B)
Fig. 23.6
a 2 dB 1
where r  a or E  ; E in 
2r dt r
Dynamic (Motional) EMI Due to Translatory Motion
(1) Consider a conducting rod of length l moving with a
 Hence induced emf across the ends of conductor

uniform velocity v perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field B ,
e  Bv sin(90   )l  Bvl cos
directed into the plane of the paper. Let the rod be moving to the
Bvl cos 
right as shown in figure. The conducting electrons also move to So induced current i  (Directed from Q to P).
R
the right as they are trapped within the rod.
The forces acting on the bar are shown in following figure.

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× × × P × × ×
++ The rod will move down with constant velocity only if
× × × × ×  × ×
e v
Fm cos  mg cos(90   )  mg sin  Bil cos   mg sin
× × × × × × ×

F  Bv l cos   mgR sin θ

× × ×
– –
× × ×
B T  l cos   mg sin  v T  2 2
Q  R  B l cos 2 θ
Fig. 23.4
Motional Emi in Loop by Generated Area

If conducting rod moves on two parallel conducting rails as

Conducting electrons experiences a magnetic force shown in following figure then phenomenon of induced emf can
Fm  evB . So they move from P to Q within the rod. The end P also be understand by the concept of generated area (The area
of the rod becomes positively charged while end Q becomes swept of conductor in magnetic field, during it’s motion)
negatively charged, hence an electric field is set up within the
× × ×P × × × ×
rod which opposes the further downward movement of electrons
× × × × × ×
i.e. an equilibrium is reached and in equilibrium Fe = Fm i.e. eE = R l v v
× × × × × ×
V
evB or E = vB  Induced emf e  El  Bvl [ E  ]
l × × × × × × ×
Q vt
(2) If rod is moving by making an angle  with the direction
Fig. 23.7
of magnetic field or length. Induced emf e = Bvl sin

   

As shown in figure in time t distance travelled by conductor = vt

   
v sin l  Area generated A = lvt. Flux linked with this area  = BA =

v l sin
   
d
v Blvt. Hence induced emf | e |   Bvl
v cos 
B    
dt

(A) (B)

Fig. 23.5
 1296 Electromagnetic Induction
(1) Induced current : i 
e

Bvl Bvlv where l = length of the axle or distance between the tips of
R R
the wings of plane, Bv = vertical component of earth's magnetic
(2) Magnetic force : Conductor PQ experiences a magnetic
field and v = speed of train or plane.
force in opposite direction of it’s motion and
 Bvl  B 2vl 2 Motional EMI Due to Rotational Motion
Fm  Bil  B l 
 R  R
(1) Conducting rod : A conducting rod of length l whose one
(3) Power dissipated in moving the conductor : For uniform end is fixed, is rotated about the axis passing through it’s fixed
motion of rod PQ, the rate of doing mechanical work by external end and perpendicular to it’s length with constant angular
agent or mech. Power delivered by external source is given as velocity . Magnetic field (B) is perpendicular to the plane of the
dW B 2 vl 2 B 2v 2 l 2 paper.
Pmech  Pext   Fext . v  v 
dt R R

emf induces across the    


(4) Electrical power : Also electrical power dissipated in B
resistance or rate of heat dissipation across resistance is given ends of the rod      

Q P
as where  = frequency    l  
2
H  Bvl  B 2v 2 l 2 (revolution per sec) and T =     
Pthermal   i2 R    .R ; Pthermal 
t  R  R
Fig. 23.10
Time period.
(It is clear that Pmech. = Pthermal which is consistent with the
principle of conservation of energy.) (2) Cycle wheel : A conducting wheel each spoke of length l
(5) Motion of conductor rod in a vertical plane : If is rotating with angular velocity  in a given magnetic field as
conducting rod released from rest (at t = 0) as shown in figure shown below in fig.
then with rise in it’s speed (v), induces emf (e), induced current

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Due to flux cutting each metal spoke becomes identical cell
(i), magnetic force (Fm) increases but it’s weight remains of emf e (say), all such      
B
constant. identical cells connected in      
O l
Rod will achieve a constant maximum (terminal) velocity vT parallel fashion e net  e      

if Fm  mg × × × × × (emf of single cell). Let N be      

R
B 2 v T2 l 2 × × × × × × ×
the number of spokes hence      

So  mg l
t=0 1 Fig. 23.11
R e net  Bwl 2 ;  2
× × × Fm mg × × 2
mgR
 vT  2 2
B l × × × ×
mg × × Here e net  N o i.e. total emf does not depends on number of

Fig. 23.8 spokes ‘N’.

(3) Faraday copper disc

Special cases
 
generator : A metal disc can be B
Motion of train and aeroplane in earth's magnetic field
assumed to made of uncountable

radial conductors when metal disc O r

rotates in transverse magnetic

field these radial conductors cuts

Fig. 23.12
(A) (B) away magnetic field lines and
Fig. 23.9
because of this flux cutting all becomes identical cells each of
1
emf ‘e’ where e  B r 2 ,
Induced emf across the axle of the wheels of the train and it 2

is across the tips of the wing of the aeroplane is given by e =

 Electromagnetic Induction 1297
(4) Semicircular conducting loop : If a semi-circular (2) Induced current : At any time t,
e e0
conducting loop (ACD) of radius i  sin  t  i0 sin  t where i0 = current amplitude or max.
  R R
‘r’ with centre at O, the plane of C S A e NBA   0 
r   current i0  0  
 R R R
loop being in the plane of paper. r B
  
Inductance
The loop is now made to rotate O
  
 = t (1) Inductance is that property of electrical circuits which
with a constant angular velocity , B
Fig. 23.13 opposes any change in the current in the circuit.
about an axis passing through O
(2) Inductance is inherent property of electrical circuits. It
and perpendicular to the plane of paper. The effective
will always be found in an electrical circuit whether we want it or
resistance of the loop is R.
not.
In time t the area swept by the loop in the field i.e. region II
(3) A straight wire carrying current with no iron part in the
1 1 dA r 2
A  r(r )  r 2 t ;  circuit will have lesser value of inductance.
2 2 dt 2
(4) Inductance is analogous to inertia in mechanics,
Flux link with the rotating loop at time t   BA
because inductance of an electrical circuit opposes any change
Hence induced emf in the loop in magnitude
of current in the circuit.
d dA Br 2 | e| B r 2
| e| B  and induced current i  
dt dt 2 R 2R Self Induction
Periodic EMI Whenever the electric current passing through a coil or

Suppose a rectangular coil having N turns placed initially in circuit changes, the magnetic flux linked with it will also change.

a magnetic

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field such
magnetic field is perpendicular to
it’s plane as shown.
that  = 2

n̂

B
As a result of this, in accordance with Faraday’s laws of
electromagnetic induction, an emf is induced in the coil or the
circuit which opposes the change that causes it. This

 – Angular speed phenomenon is called ‘self induction’ and the emf induced is

 – Frequency of rotation of called back emf, current so produced in the coil is called

coil induced current.

R – Resistance of coil Induced current Induced current

R
Fig. 23.14
For uniform rotational motion
with , the flux linked with coil at any time t

  NBA cos  NBA cos t

Rheostat Key Rheostat Key
  0 cos ωt where 0 = NBA = maximum flux

(1) Induced emf in coil : Induced emf also changes in (A) Main current (B) Main current decreasing
increasing Fig. 23.15
periodic manner that’s why this phenomenon called periodic
EMI
d
e  NBA  sin t  e  e 0 sinωt where e0 = emf
dt
amplitude or max. emf  NBA    0  (1) Coefficient of self-induction : Number of flux linkages
with the coil is proportional to the current i. i.e. N  i or
N  Li (N is the number of turns in coil and N – total flux
N
linkage). Hence L  = coefficient of self-induction.
i
 1298 Electromagnetic Induction
(2) If i = 1amp, N = 1 then, L =  i.e. the coefficient of self
induction of a coil is equal to the flux linked with the coil when
the current in it is 1 amp.
d
(3) By Faraday’s second law induced emf e   N .
dt Toroid
di di Winding
Which gives e   L ; If  1 amp / sec then |e|= L. 0 N 2r Core
dt dt L
2
Hence coefficient of self induction is equal to the emf r
i
induced in the coil when the rate of change of current in the coil
is unity.

(4) Units and dimensional formula of ‘L’ : It's S.I. unit

Square coil
weber Tesla  m 2 N m Joule Coulomb  volt
   
Amp Amp Amp 2 Amp 2 Amp 2 2 2 0 N 2 a
L
volt  sec  O
  ohm  sec . But practical unit is henry (H). It’s
amp
dimensional formula [L] = [ML2T–2A–2]

(5) Dependence of self inductance (L) : ‘L’ does not depend

Coaxial cylinders r1

upon current flowing or change in current flowing but it depends r

0 r
upon number of turns (N), Area of cross section (A) and L log e 2
2r r1
permeability of medium ().
l
2 .303 r r2
0 log10 2

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‘L’ does not play any role till there is a constant current
flowing in the circuit. ‘L’ comes in to the picture only when there
is a change in current.
2r r1

(6) Magnetic potential energy of inductor : In building a Mutual Induction

steady current in the circuit, the source emf has to do work
Whenever the current passing through a coil or circuit
against of self inductance of coil and whatever energy
changes, the magnetic flux linked with a neighbouring coil or
consumed for this work stored in magnetic field of coil this
circuit will also change. Hence an emf will be induced in the
energy called as magnetic potential energy (U) of coil
neighbouring coil or circuit. This phenomenon is called ‘mutual
i N i

1 2 1
U Lidi  Li ; Also U  (Li)i 
0 2 2 2 induction’.

(7) The various formulae for L

i1 i2

Condition Figure Variable

current Load
Circular coil P S
R
0N 2r M
L
2
Fig. 23.16

Solenoid
l
 0 r N 2 A N 2 A
L  (   0 r )
l l

i
 Electromagnetic Induction 1299
(1) Coefficient of mutual induction : Total flux linked

with the secondary due to current in the primary is N2 2 and (A) k=1 (B) 0 < k < 1 (C) k=0
N2 2  i1  N 2  2  Mi 1 where N1 - Number of turns in

primary; N2 - Number of turns in secondary; 2 - Flux linked

(7) The various formulae for M :
with each turn of secondary; i1 - Current flowing through

primary; M-Coefficient of mutual induction or mutual Condition Figure

inductance. Two concentric coplaner circular i

coils
(2) According to Faraday’s second law emf induces in R P
r
d 2 di  0 N 1 N 2 r 2
secondary e 2   N 2 ; e 2  M 1 M  S
dt dt 2R

di1 1 Amp
(3) If  then |e2| = M. Hence coefficient of
dt sec
Two Solenoids
mutual induction is equal to the emf induced in the secondary l

coil when rate of change of current in primary coil is unity.

i1
μ0 N1 N 2 A Secondar
M Primary
(4) Units and dimensional formula of M : Similar to self- l y (N 2
(N1 turns)
inductance (L) turns)

(5) Dependence of mutual inductance Two concentric coplaner square

(1)

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coils (2)
(i) Number of turns (N1, N2) of both coils i
0 2 2 N1 N 2l 2
(ii) Coefficient of self inductances (L1, L2) of both the coils M l
L
(iii) Area of cross-section of coils L

(iv) Magnetic permeability of medium between the coils ( r)

Combination of Inductance
or nature of material on which two coils are wound
(1) Series : If two coils of self-inductances L1 and L2 having
(v) Distance between two coils (As d increases so M
mutual inductance are in series and are far from each other, so
decreases)
that the mutual induction between them is negligible, then net
(vi) Orientation between primary and secondary coil (for 90o self inductance LS  L1  L2
orientation no flux relation M = 0)
When they are situated close to each other, then net
(vii) Coupling factor ‘K’ between primary and secondary coil
inductance LS  L1  L2  2 M

(6) Relation between M, L1 and L2 : For two magnetically

(2) Parallel : If two coils of self-inductances L1 and L2
coupled coils M  k L1 L 2 ; where k – coefficient of coupling or having mutual inductance are connected in parallel and are far
coupling factor which is defined as 1 1 1
from each other, then net inductance L is   
LP L1 L2
Magnetic flux linked in secondary
k ; 0k1 L1 L2
Magnetic flux linked in primary LP 
S L1  L2
P S Air S P
P
gap When they are situated close to each other, then

Fig. 23.17
 1300 Electromagnetic Induction
L1 L2  M 2
LP 
L1  L2  2 M

Growth and Decay of Current In LR- Circuit LC- Oscillation

If a circuit containing a pure inductor L and a resistor R in When a charged capacitor C having an initial charge q0 is

series with a battery and a key then on closing the circuit current discharged through an inductance L, the charge and current in
through the circuit rises exponentially and reaches up to a the circuit start oscillating simple harmonically. If the resistance
certain maximum value (steady state). If circuit is opened from of the circuit is zero, no energy is dissipated as heat. We also
L
it’s steady state condition then current through Lthe circuit assume an idealized situation in which energy is not radiated
Induced
decreases exponentially. Induced
away from the circuit. The total energy associated with the
current current
circuit is constant.
Main
Main
+ + Frequency of oscillation is given by
current
B K current K L
B
(A) Growth of current (B) Decay of current 1 rad
Fig. 23.18  
LC sec
q0
+ –
1
or   Hz
2 LC C
Fig. 23.20
Eddy Current
(1) The value of current at any instant of time t after closing
When a changing magnetic flux is applied to a bulk piece of
the circuit (i.e. during the rising of current) is given by

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  t
R conducting material then circulating currents called eddy
E
i  i 0 1  e L  ; where i0  imax  = steady state current.




R currents are induced in the material. Because the resistance of

(2) The value of current at any instant of time t after opening the bulk conductor is usually low, eddy currents often have large

from the steady state condition (i.e. during the decaying of magnitudes and heat up the conductor.

R
 t (1) These are circulating currents like eddies in water.
current) is given by i  i0 e L

(2) Experimental concept given by Focault hence also

L
(3) Time constant () : It is given as   ; It’s unit is
R named as “Focault current”.

second. In other words the time interval, during which the

(3) The production of eddy currents in a metallic block leads
current in an inductive circuit rises to 63% of its maximum value
to the loss of electric energy in the form of heat.
at make, is defined as time constant or it is the time interval,
(4) By Lamination, slotting processes the resistance path
during which the current after opening an inductive circuit falls to
i
i for circulation of eddy current increases, resulting in to
37% of its
i0 maximum value.
i0
i = 0.63i0 weakening them and also reducing losses causes by them

Plane metal Slotted metal

i = 0.37i0
plate plate
t= t t= t × ×
(A) (B) × × × ×
Fig. 23.19 × × × ×
×
× ×
× × ×
× ×

(A) Strong eddies (B) Feeble eddies

produced Gradual damping
Cause excessive electro
B
magnetic damping Feeble eddy currents

Strong eddy
currents
 Electromagnetic Induction 1301
(v) Energy meter : In energy meters, the armature coil

carries a metallic aluminium disc which rotates between the

poles of a pair of permanent horse shoe magnets. As the

armature rotates, the current induced in the disc tends to

oppose the motion of the armature coil. Due to this braking

effect, deflection is proportional to the energy consumed.

dc Motor
It is an electrical machine

which converts electrical energy

into mechanical energy.

(5) Application of eddy currents : Though most of the times
(1) Principle : It is based on
eddy currents are undesirable but they find some useful
the fact that a current carrying coil
applications as enumerated below
placed in the magnetic field experiences a torque. This torque
(i) Dead-beat galvanometer : A dead beat galvanometer
rotates the coil.
means one whose pointer comes to rest in the final equilibrium
(2) Construction : It consists of the following components
position immediately without any oscillation about the
figure. B C C B
equilibrium position when a current is passed in its coil. 
F2

large
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This is achieved by winding the coil on a metallic frame the

eddy currents

electromagnetic damping.
induced in the frame provide
N

A

F1

R1 R2 D
S N

D R2 R1 A
S

(ii) Electric-brakes : When the train is running its wheel is B1 B2 B1 B2

moving in air and when the train is to be stopped by electric

(A) (B)
breaks the wheel is made to move in a field created by Fig. 23.22

electromagnet. Eddy currents induced in the wheels due to the

changing flux oppose the cause and stop the train.

(iii) Induction furnace : Joule's heat causes the melting of a

ABCD = Armature coil, S1, S2 = split ring comutators
metal piece placed in a rapidly changing magnetic field.
B1, B2 = Carbon brushes, N, S = Strong magnetic poles
(iv) Speedometer : In the speedometer of an automobile, a

magnet is geared to the main shaft of the vehicle and it rotates (3) Working : Force on any arm of the coil is given by
  
according to the speed of the vehicle. The magnet is mounted in F  i(l  B) in fig., force on AB will be perpendicular to plane of
the paper and pointing inwards. Force on CD will be equal and
an aluminium cylinder with the help of hair springs. When the
opposite. So coil rotates in clockwise sense when viewed from
magnet rotates, it produces eddy currents in the drum and drags
top in fig. The current in AB reverses due to commutation
it through an angle, which indicates the speed of the vehicle on
keeping the force on AB and CD in such a direction that the coil
a calibrated scale.
continues to rotate in the same direction.
 1302 Electromagnetic Induction
(4) Back emf in motor : Due to the rotation of armature coil lifts, dc drills, fans and blowers, centrifugal pumps and air
in magnetic field a back emf is induced in the circuit. Which is compressors, etc.

given by e = E – iR. ac Generator/Alternator/Dynamo

Back emf directly depends upon the angular velocity  of An electrical machine used to convert mechanical energy

armature and magnetic field B. But for constant magnetic field into electrical energy is known as ac generator/alternator.

B, value of back emf e is given by e   or e = k (e = (1) Principle : It works on the principle of electromagnetic
NBA sint) induction i.e., when a coil is rotated in uniform magnetic field, an
induced emf is produced in it.
E  e E  k
(5) Current in the motor : i   ; When motor
R R (2) Construction : The main components of ac generator are
E
is just switched on i.e.  = 0 so e = 0 hence i   maximum B C
R
and at full speed,  is maximum so back emf e is maximum and
i is minimum. Thus, maximum current is drawn when the motor
is just switched on which decreases when motor attains the
N A D S
speed. B1
R1
(6) Motor starter : At the time of start a large current flows
RL Output
through the motor which may burn out it. Hence a starter is used
R2
for starting a dc motor safely. Its function is to introduce a B2
suitable resistance in the circuit at the time of starting of the Fig. 23.24

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motor. This resistance decreases gradually and reduces to zero
when the motor runs at full sped.

R R R R R (i) Armature : Armature coil (ABCD) consists of large number

C of turns of insulated copper wire wound over a soft iron core.
1 2 3 4 5 6
H (ii) Strong field magnet : A strong permanent magnet or an
Spring E
electromagnet whose poles (N and S) are cylindrical in shape in
M
dc mains a field magnet. The armature coil rotates between the pole
Fig. 23.23 pieces of the field magnet. The uniform magnetic field provided
by the field magnet is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the
coil.

The value of starting resistance is maximum at time t = 0 (iii) Slip rings : The two ends of the armature coil are
and its value is controlled by spring and electromagnetic system connected to two brass slip rings R1 and R2. These rings rotate
and is made to zero when the motor attains its safe speed.
along with the armature coil.
(7) Mechanical power and Efficiency of dc motor :
(iv) Brushes : Two carbon brushes (B1 and B2), are pressed
P P e Back e.m.f.
Efficiency   mechanical  out   against the slip rings. The brushes are fixed while slip rings
Psup plied Pin E Supply voltage
rotate along with the armature. These brushes are connected to
(8) Uses of dc motors : They are used in electric
the load through which the output is obtained.
locomotives, electric ears, rolling mills, electric cranes, electric
 Electromagnetic Induction 1303
(3) Working : When the armature coil ABCD rotates in the It consists of two coils wound on the same core. The
magnetic field provided by the strong field magnet, it cuts the alternating current passing through the primary creates a
magnetic lines of force. Thus the magnetic flux linked with the continuously changing flux through the core. This changing flux
coil changes and hence induced emf is set up in the coil. The induces an alternating emf in the secondary.
direction of the induced emf or the current in the coil is Laminated sheets

determined by the Fleming’s right hand rule.

The current flows out through the brush B1 in one direction

Load
Source ~ Input Output
of half of the revolution and through the brush B2 in the next half
Iron core
revolution in the reverse direction. This process is repeated.
Fig. 23.26
Therefore, emf produced is of alternating nature.
Nd 
e  NBA  sint = e0 sint where e0 = NBA
dt
(1) Transformer works on ac only and never on dc.
e e
i  0 sint  i0 sint R  Resistance of the circuit (2) It can increase or decrease either voltage or current but
R R
dc Generator not both simultaneously.

(3) Transformer does not change the frequency of input ac.

If the current produced by the generator is direct current,
then the generator is called dc generator. (4) There is no electrical connection between the winding
but they are linked magnetically.
dc generator consists of (i) Armature (coil) (ii) Magnet
(iii) Commutator (iv) Brushes (5) Effective resistance between primary and secondary
winding is infinite.
In dc generator commutator is used in place of slip rings.

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The commutator rotates along with the coil so that in every cycle
when direction of ‘e’ reverses, the commutator also reverses or
makes contact with the other brush so that in the external load

(6) The flux per turn of each coil must be same i.e.  S   P ;
d S
dt
d
 P .
dt

(7) If NP = number of turns in primary, NS = number of turns

the current remains in the some direction giving dc
in secondary, VP = applied (input) voltage to primary, VS =
Armature (Coil)
Voltage across secondary (load voltage or output), eP = induced
emf in primary ; eS = induced emf in secondary,  = flux linked
with primary as well as secondary, iP = current in primary; iS =

S current in secondary (or load current)

N
Commutator
Brushes As in an ideal transformer there is no loss of power
+ – i.e. Pout  Pin so VS iS  VPiP and VP  e P , VS  e S . Hence
eS N V i
 S  S  P  k ; k = Transformation ratio (or turn
eP NP VP iS
Load
Fig. 23.25 ratio)

Table 23.3 : Types of transformer

Step up transformer Step down transformer

Transformer It increases voltage and It decreases voltage and

It is a device which raises or lowers the voltage in ac decreases current increases current
circuits through mutual induction.
P S P S
 1304 Electromagnetic Induction
energy is lost due to hysteresis. However, the loss of energy

can be minimised by selecting the material of core, which has a

narrow hysterisis loop. Therefore core of transformer is made of

soft iron. Now a days it is made of “Permalloy” ( Fe-22%, Ni-

VS > VP VS < VP 78%).

NS > NP NS < NP (iv) Magnetic flux leakage : Magnetic flux produced in the

ES > EP ES < EP primary winding is not completely linked with secondary

iS < iP iS > iP because few magnetic lines of force complete their path in air

only. To minimize this loss secondary winding is kept inside the

RS > RP RS < RP
primary winding.
tS > tP tS > tP
(v) Humming losses : Due to the passage of alternating
k>1 k<1
current, the core of the transformer starts vibrating and
(8) Efficiency of transformer () : Efficiency is defined as produces humming sound. Thus, some part (may be very small)
the ratio of output power and input power
of the electrical energy is wasted in the form of humming
P V i
i.e.  %  out  100  S S  100 sounds produced by the vibrating core of the transformer.
Pin VP i P

For an ideal transformer Pout = Pin so   100% (But efficiency (10) Uses of transformer : A transformer is used in almost

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of practical transformer lies between 70% – 90%) all ac operations e.g.
For practical transformer Pin  Pout  Plosses
(i) In voltage regulators for TV, refrigerator, computer, air
Pout Pout (P  PL )
so    100   100  in  100
Pin (Pout  PL ) Pin conditioner etc.

(9) Losses in transformer : In transformers some power is (ii) In the induction furnaces.
always lost due to, heating effect, flux leakage eddy currents,
(iii) Step down transformer is used for welding purposes.
hysteresis and humming.
(iv) In the transmission of ac over long distance.
(i) Cu loss ( i 2 R) : When current flows through the

transformer windings some power is wasted in the form of heat Transmission lines

Low House or
(H  i 2 Rt). To minimize this loss windings are made of thick Cu G
Low
High V Load
High V
V V factory
wires (To reduce resistance)
Power Step up Step down
(ii) Eddy current loss : Some electrical power is wasted in Station transformer transforme
Fig. 23.27 r
the form of heat due to eddy currents, induced in core, to

minimize this loss transformers core are laminated and silicon is

added to the core material as it increases the resistivity. The

(v) Step down and step up transformers are used in
material of the core is then called silicon-iron (steel).
electrical power distribution.

(iii) Hystersis loss : The alternating current flowing through (vi) Audio frequency transformers are used in radiography,
the coils magnetises and demagnetises the iron core again and television, radio, telephone etc.
again. Therefore, during each cycle of magnetisation, some
 Electromagnetic Induction 1305
(vii) Radio frequency transformers are used in radio the north-south direction, then no potential difference or emf
communication. will be induced.
(viii) Transformers are also used in impedance matching.  When a conducting rod moving horizontally on equator of
earth no emf induces because there is no vertical component
of earth's magnetic field. But at poles BV is maximum so
maximum flux cutting hence emf induces.

 When a conducting rod falling freely in earth's magnetic

field such that it's length lies along East - West direction then
induced emf continuously increases w.r.t. time and induced
 If a bar magnet moves towards a fixed conducting coil,
current flows from West - East.
then due to the flux changes an emf, current and charge
 1 henry = 109 emu of inductance or 109 ab-henry.
induces in the coil. If speed of magnet increases then induced
i1 increases but vinduced i2
 Inductance at the ends of a solenoid is half of it's the
emf and
v1 induced current 2 (> v1) charge remains
 1 
same inductance at the centre.  Lend  Lcentre  .
S N S N  2 
 A thin long wire made up of material of high resistivity
behaves predominantly as a resistance. But it has some
amount of inductance as well as capacitance in it. It is thus
difficult to obtain pure resistor. Similarly it is difficult to obtain
pure capacitor as well as pure inductor.
Induced parameter : e1, i1, q1 e2 (> e1), i2( > i1), q2 (= q1)

 Can ever electric lines of force be closed curve ? Yes,  Due to inherent presence of self inductance in all

 No flux cutting

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when produced by a changing magnetic field.

  
  
No EMI
Vector form of motional emf : e  (v  B).l
electrical circuits, a resistive circuit with no capacitive or

inductive element in it, also has some inductance associated

with it.
 In motional emf B, v and l are three vectors. If any two
The effect of self-inductance can be eliminated
vector are parallel – No flux cutting.
      
B B as in the coils of a resistance box by doubling
     v
v back the coil on itself.
l v
  l   l
 It is not possible to have mutual inductance without self
    
    inductance but it may or may not be possible self inductance
  B || l so e = 0 v || B so e = 0
v || l so e = 0 without mutual inductance.
di
 If main current through a coil increases (i) so will be
dt
positive (+ve), hence induced emf e will be negative (i.e.
 A piece of metal and a piece of non-metal are dropped
opposite emf)  Enet  E  e
from the same height near the surface of the earth. The non- E K E

metallic piece will reach the ground first because there will be
Circuit is made on  di
no induced current in it. e  L
dt
or i increasing
 If an aeroplane is landing down or taking off and its i i
e
wings are in the east-west direction, then the potential
difference or emf will be induced across the wings. If an
aeroplane is landing down or taking off and its wings are in  Sometimes at sudden opening of key, because of high
 1306 Electromagnetic Induction
inductance of circuit a high momentarily induced emf
produced and a sparking occurs at key position. To avoid
sparking a capacitor is connected across the key.

 Sometimes at sudden opening of key, because of high

inductance of circuit a high momentarily induced emf
produced and a sparking occurs at key position. To avoid
sparking a capacitor is connected across the key.

 One can have resistance with or without inductance but

one can’t have inductance without having resistance.

 The circuit behaviour of an inductor is quite different from

that of a resistor. while a resistor opposes the current i, an
di
inductor opposes the change in the circuit. i
i dt
a b a b
R L
di
Vab = iR Vab  L
dt

 In RL-circuit with dc source the time taken by the current

to reach half of the maximum value is called half life time and
L
it is given by T = 0.693 .

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R
 dc motor is a highly versatile energy conversion device. It
can meet the demand of loads requiring high starting torque,
high accelerating and decelerating torque.

 When a source of emf is connected across the two ends

of the primary winding alone or across the two ends of
secondary winding alone, ohm’s law can be applied. But in
the transformer as a whole, ohm’s law should not be applied
because primary winding and secondary winding are not
connected electrically.

 Even when secondary circuit of the transformer is open it

also draws some current called no load primary current for
supplying no load Cu and iron loses.

 Transformer has highest possible efficiency out of all the

electrical machines.
 Electromagnetic Induction 1303

3 A0 B0 4 A0 B0
(a) (b)
t t
3 B0 4 B0
(c) (d)
A0 t A0 t

8. The magnetic flux linked with a coil is given by an equation  (in

Faraday's and Lenz's Law webers) = 8 t 2  3t  5 . The induced e.m.f. in the coil at the fourth
second will be [MP PET 1990]
1. In electromagnetic induction, the induced e.m.f. in a coil is (a) 16 units (b) 39 units
independent of [CPMT 1984]
(c) 67 units (d) 145 units
(a) Change in the flux (b) Time
9. The current flowing in two coaxial coils in the same direction. On
(c) Resistance of the circuit (d) None of the above increasing the distance between the two, the electric current will [MP PM
2. Lenz's law is consequence of the law of conservation of (a) Increase
[JIPMER 1997; CPMT 1990; RPMT 1997;
(b) Decrease
MP PET 1999; MP PMT 2000, 03; RPET 2003; AFMC 2004]
(c) Remain unchanged
(a) Charge (b) Momentum
(d) The information is incomplete
(c) Mass (d) Energy
3. In electromagnetic induction, the induced charge in a coil is 10. A copper ring is held horizontally and a bar magnet is dropped
independent of through the ring with its length along the axis of the ring. The
acceleration of the falling magnet while it is passing through the
(a) Change in the flux (b) Time ring is
(c) Resistance in the circuit (d) None of the above
[CBSE PMT 1996; MP PET 1990, 99;
4. The magnetic flux through a circuit of resistance R CPMT 1991, 99; JIPMER 1997; CPMT 2003;
changes by an amount  in time t , Then the total quantity of MP PET/PMT 2001; KCET 2001; Kerala (Engg.) 2001]
electric charge Q , which passing during this time through any (a) Equal to that due to gravity
point of the circuit is given by
(b) Less than that due to gravity
[Haryana CEE 1996; CBSE PMT 2004]

(a)

(c)
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Q

Q

t

t
R
(b) Q 

(d) Q 

R

t
R

11.
(c) More than that due to gravity
(d) Depends on the diameter of the ring and the length of the
magnet
A square coil 10 2 m 2 area is placed perpendicular to a uniform
5. A cylindrical bar magnet is kept along the axis of a circular coil. If magnetic field of intensity 10 3 W b / m 2 . The magnetic flux
the magnet is rotated about its axis, then through the coil is [MP PMT 1990, 2001]
[CPMT 1983; BCECE 2004]
(a) 10 weber (b) 10 5 weber
(a) A current will be induced in a coil
(c) 10 5 weber (d) 100 weber
(b) No current will be induced in a coil
12. A magnet is brought towards a coil (i) speedly (ii) slowly then the
(c) Only an e.m.f. will be induced in the coil
induced e.m.f./induced charge will be respectively
(d) An e.m.f. and a current both will be induced in the coil [RPMT 1997; MP PMT 2003]
6. A metallic ring is attached with the wall of a room. When the north (a) More in first case / More in first case
pole of a magnet is brought near to it, the induced current in the
ring will be (b) More in first case/Equal in both case
[AFMC 1993; MP PMT/PET 1998; Pb PET 2003] (c) Less in first case/More in second case
S (d) Less in first case/Equal in both case
a 13. The direction of induced e.m.f. during electromagnetic induction is
N given by [MP PET 1994, 96]
(a) Faraday's law (b) Lenz's law
(c) Maxwell's law (d) Ampere's law
(a) First clockwise then anticlockwise 14. In a coil of area 10 cm 2 and 10 turns with a magnetic field
(b) In clockwise direction directed perpendicular to the plane and is changing at the rate of
(c) In anticlockwise direction 10 8 gauss/second. The resistance of the coil is 20 ohm. The current
(d) First anticlockwise then clockwise in the coil will be [CPMT 1976]

7. A coil having an area A 0 is placed in a magnetic field which (a) 5 amp (b) 0.5 amp
changes from B 0 to 4 B 0 in a time interval t. The e.m.f. induced in (c) 0.05 amp (d) 5  10 8 amp
the coil will be [MP PET 1990]
 1304 Electromagnetic Induction
15. As shown in the figure, a magnet is moved with a fast speed (c) 1.5 V (d) 2 V
towards a coil at rest. Due to this induced electromotive force,
21. A coil has 2000 turns and area of 70cm 2 . The magnetic field
induced current and induced charge in the coil is E, I and Q
perpendicular to the plane of the coil is 0.3W b / m 2 and takes
respectively. If the speed of the magnet is doubled, the incorrect
statement is [MP PET 1995] 0.1sec to rotate through 180 o . The value of the induced e.m.f. will
be
N S [MP PET 1993; Similar to AIIMS 1997]
(a) 8.4 V (b) 84 V

G (c) 42V (d) 4.2V

22. Two different loops are concentric and lie in the same plane. The
(a) E increases (b) I increases
current in the outer loop is clockwise and increasing with time. The
(c) Q remains same (d) Q increases induced current in the inner loop then, is
16. A coil having 500 square loops each of side 10 cm is placed normal [MP PET 1993]
to a magnetic flux which increases at the rate of 1.0 tesla/second. (a) Clockwise
The induced e.m.f. in volts is (b) Zero
[CPMT 1989, 90; DCE 2002] (c) Counter clockwise
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.5 (d) In a direction that depends on the ratio of the loop radii
(c) 1 (d) 5 23. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
[MP PET 1994]
17. When a magnet is pushed in and out of a circular coil C connected
to a very sensitive galvanometer G as shown in the adjoining (a) The direction of induced current is such that it opposes the
cause producing it
diagram with a frequency  , then
(b) The magnitude of induced e.m.f. produced in a coil is directly
proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux
(c) The direction of induced e.m.f. is such that it opposes the cause
N S producing it
(d) None of the above
24. The unit of magnetic flux is

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(a) Constant deflection is observed in the galvanometer
(b) Visible small oscillations will be observed in the galvanometer if
 is about 50 Hz 25.
(a) W eber / m 2
(c) Henry
[MP PMT 1994; MP PET 1995; AFMC 1998]

(b) Weber
(d) Ampere/m
The north pole of a long horizontal bar magnet is being brought
closer to a vertical conducting plane along the perpendicular
(c) Oscillations in the deflection will be observed clearly if   1
direction. The direction of the induced current in the conducting
or 2 Hz
plane will be [MP PMT 1994]
(d) No variation in the deflection will be seen if   1 or 2 Hz
(a) Horizontal (b) Vertical
18. A coil of area 100cm 2 has 500 turns. Magnetic field of (c) Clockwise (d) Anticlockwise
0.1 weber / metre 2 is perpendicular to the coil. The field is 26. The magnetic field in a coil of 100 turns and 40 square cm area is
increased from 1 Tesla to 6 Tesla in 2 second. The magnetic field is
reduced to zero in 0.1 second. The induced e.m.f. in the coil is [MP PMT 1991; MH CET (Med.) 1999]
perpendicular to the coil. The e.m.f. generated in it is [MP PM
(a) 1 V (b) 5 V 4
(a) 10 V (b) 1.2 V
(c) 50 V (d) Zero
19. A 50 turns circular coil has a radius of 3 cm , it is kept in a (c) 1.0 V (d) 10 2 V
magnetic field acting normal to the area of the coil. The magnetic 27. The dimensions of magnetic flux are
field B increased from 0.10 tesla to 0.35 tesla in 2 milliseconds. The [MP PMT 1994; CBSE PMT 1999]
average induced e.m.f. in the coil is
2 2
[MP PET 1994] (a) MLT A (b) ML2 T 2 A 2

(a) 1.77 volts (b) 17.7 volts (c) ML2 T 1 A 2 (d) ML2 T 2 A 1
28. Lenz's law gives [MP PMT 1994]
(c) 177 volts (d) 0.177 volts
(a) The magnitude of the induced e.m.f.
20. A coil having an area 2m 2 is placed in a magnetic field which (b) The direction of the induced current
changes from 1W b / m 2 to 4W b / m 2 in a interval of 2 second. (c) Both the magnitude and direction of the induced current
The e.m.f. induced in the coil will be
(d) The magnitude of the induced current
[DPMT 1999; MP PET 2002]
29. The north pole of a bar magnet is moved swiftly downward towards
(a) 4V (b) 3 V
a closed coil and then second time it is raised upwards slowly. The
 Electromagnetic Induction 1305
magnitude and direction of the induced currents in the two cases 36. A solenoid is 1.5 m long and its inner diameter is 4.0 cm. It has
will be of [MP PET 1996] three layers of windings of 1000 turns each and carries a current of
First case Second case 2.0 amperes. The magnetic flux for a cross-section of the solenoid is
nearly [AMU 1995]
(a) Low value clockwise Higher value anticlockwise
(a) 2.5  10 weber
–7
(b) 6.31  10 weber
–6

(b) Low value clockwise Equal value anticlockwise

(c) Higher value clockwise Low value clockwise (c) 5.2  10 weber
–5
(d) 4.1  10 weber
–5

(d) Higher value anticlockwise Low value clockwise 37. A coil of 40  resistance has 100 turns and radius 6 mm is
connected to ammeter of resistance of 160 ohms. Coil is placed
30. A metallic ring connected to a rod oscillates freely like a pendulum. perpendicular to the magnetic field. When coil is taken out of the
If now a magnetic field is applied in horizontal direction so that the
field, 32  C charge flows through it. The intensity of magnetic field
pendulum now swings through the field, the pendulum will
will be [RPET 1997]
(a) 6.55 T (b) 5.66 T
(c) 0.655 T (d) 0.566 T
38. Faraday's laws are consequence of conservation of
× × × × ×
[CBSE PMT 1993; BHU 2002]
× × × × ×
× × × × × (a) Energy
× × × × × (b) Energy and magnetic field
(a) Keep oscillating with the old time period (c) Charge
(b) Keep oscillating with a smaller time period (d) Magnetic field
(c) Keep oscillating with a larger time period 39. A magnetic field of 2  10 T acts at right angles to a coil of area 100
–2

(d) Come to rest very soon cm with 50 turns. The average emf induced in the coil is 0.1 V,
2

when it is removed from the field in time t. The value of t is[CBSE PMT 1992; CPMT 2001]
31. A circular coil of 500 turns of wire has an enclosed area of 0 .1 m 2 (a) 0.1 sec (b) 0.01 sec
per turn. It is kept perpendicular to a magnetic field of induction 0.2 (c) 1 sec (d) 20 sec
T and rotated by 180° about a diameter perpendicular to the field in
0.1 sec. How much charge will pass when the coil is connected to a 40. The total charge induced in a conducting loop when it is moved in
magnetic field depends on
galvanometer with a combined resistance of 50 ohms [MP PET 1997]

32.
(c) 2 C
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(a) 0.2 C (b) 0.4 C
(d) 4 C
A coil of 100 turns and area 5 square centimetre is placed in a
magnetic field B = 0.2 T. The normal to the plane of the coil makes
(b) Initial magnetic flux only
[CBSE PMT 1992; ISM Dhanbad 1994]
(a) The rate of change of magnetic flux

(c) The total change in magnetic flux

an angle of 60° with the direction of the magnetic field. The (d) Final magnetic flux only
magnetic flux linked with the coil is 41. A rectangular coil of 20 turns and area of cross- section 25 sq cm
[MP PMT 1997] has a resistance of 100 ohm. If a magnetic field which is
perpendicular to the plane of the coil changes at the rate of 1000
3 5
(a) 5  10 W b (b) 5  10 Wb Tesla per second, the current in the coil is
[CBSE PMT 1992;
(c) 10 2 W b (d) 10 4 W b Very Similar to MHCET 2002; DPMT 2004]
33. In a circuit with a coil of resistance 2 ohms, the magnetic flux (a) 1.0 ampere (b) 50 ampere
changes from 2.0 Wb to 10.0 Wb in 0.2 second. The charge that
(c) 0.5 ampere (d) 5.0 ampere
flows in the coil during this time is
[MP PMT 1997] 42. The north pole of a magnet is brought near a metallic ring. The
direction of the induced current in the ring will be
(a) 5.0 coulomb (b) 4.0 coulomb
[AIIMS 1999]
(c) 1.0 coulomb (d) 0.8 coulomb
(a) Clockwise (b) Anticlockwise
34. The direction of induced current is such that it opposes the very
cause that has produced it. This is the law of (c) Towards north (d) Towards south
[MP PMT/PET 1998] 43. Lenz’s law applies to [DCE 1999]
(a) Lenz (b) Faraday (a) Electrostatics
(c) Kirchhoff (d) Fleming (b) Lenses
35. To induce an e.m.f. in a coil, the linking magnetic flux (c) Electro-magnetic induction
[KCET 1994] (d) Cinema slides
(a) Must decrease 44. If a coil of metal wire is kept stationary in a non-uniform magnetic
(b) Can either increase or decrease field, then [BHU 2000]

(c) Must remain constant (a) An e.m.f. is induced in the coil

(d) Must increase (b) A current is induced in the coil
(c) Neither e.m.f. nor current is induced
 1306 Electromagnetic Induction
(d) Both e.m.f. and current is induced 52. A magnet is dropped down an infinitely long vertical copper tube [KCET
45. The magnetic flux linked with a coil, in webers, is given by the (a) The magnet moves with continuously increasing velocity and
equations   3 t 2  4 t  9 . Then the magnitude of induced e.m.f. ultimately acquires a constant terminal velocity
at t = 2 second will be (b) The magnet moves with continuously decreasing velocity and
[KCET 2000; CPMT 2003; MP PET 2005] ultimately comes to rest
(a) 2 volt (b) 4 volt (c) The magnet moves with continuously increasing velocity but
(c) 8 volt (d) 16 volt constant acceleration
46. A coil has an area of 0.05 m and it has 800 turns. It is placed
2

(d) The magnet moves with continuously increasing velocity and

perpendicularly in a magnetic field of strength 4  10 5 W b / m 2 , acceleration
it is rotated through 90 o in 0.1 sec. The average e.m.f. induced in 53. An aluminium ring B faces an electromagnet A. The current I
the coil is [CPMT 2001] through A can be altered [Kerala PET 2002]
(a) 0.056 V (b) 0.046 V A B
(c) 0.026 V (d) 0.016 V Front
side
47. A moving conductor coil in a magnetic field produces an induced
e.m.f. This is in accordance with
[AFMC 1993; MH CET 2001, 03] Observer i+ – Rear
side
(a) Amperes law (b) Coulomb law
(c) Lenz’s law (d) Faraday’s law (a) Whether I increases or decreases, B will not experience any
48. In the diagram shown if a bar magnet is moved along the common force
axis of two single turn coils A and B in the direction of arrow (b) If I[Kerala
decrease, A will
(Engg.) 2001]repel B

A B (c) If I increases, A will attract B

(d) If I increases, A will repel B
54. The magnetic flux linked with a coil at any instant ‘t’ is given by  =
N S
5t – 100t + 300, the e.m.f. induced in the coil at t = 2 second is
3
[KCET

www.eduaid.co.in
(a) Current is induced only in A & not in B
(b) Induced currents in A & B are in the same direction
(c) Current is induced only in B and not in A
55.
(a) – 40 V
(c) 140 V
(b) 40 V
(d) 300 V
A coil has 1,000 turns and 500 cm as its area. The plane of the coil is
2

placed at right angles to a magnetic induction field of

(d) Induced currents in A & B are in opposite directions 2  10 5 W b / m 2 . The coil is rotated through 180 o in 0.2

49. Magnetic flux  (in weber) linked with a closed circuit of resistance seconds. The average e.m.f. induced in the coil, in milli-volts, is
10 ohm varies with time t (in seconds) as (a) 5 (b) 10

  5t 2  4 t  1 (c) 15 (d) 20

The induced electromotive force in the circuit at t = 0.2 sec. is 56. When a bar magnet falls through a long hollow metal cylinder fixed
[MP PMT 2001]
with its axis vertical, the final acceleration of the magnet is [BVP 2
(a) 0.4 volts (b) – 0.4 volts
(a) Equal to zero
(c) – 2.0 volts (d) 2.0 volts
(b) Less than g
50. The formula for induced e.m.f. in a coil due to change in magnetic
flux through the coil is (here A = area of the coil, B = magnetic field) (c) Equal to g
[MP PET 2002] (d) Equal to g in to beginning and then more than g
dB dA
(a) e   A. (b) e   B. 57. The magnetic flux linked with a vector area A in a uniform magnetic
dt dt
field B is [MP PET 2003]
d d
(c) e ( A.B) (d) e   ( A  B)
dt dt (a) B A (b) AB
51. Lenz’s law is expressed by the following formula (here e = induced B
e.m.f.,  = magnetic flux in one turn and N = number of turns) (c)  A PET 2002]
B[MP (d)
A
dN d 58. The magnetic flux linked with a circuit of resistance 100 ohm
(a) e   (b) e   N
dt dt increases from 10 to 60 webers. The amount of induced charge that
flows in the circuit is (in coulomb)
d   d
(c) e   (d) e  N [MP PET 2003]
dt  N  dt
 Electromagnetic Induction 1307
(a) 0.5 (b) 5 (b) Anticlockwise of the +ve z axis
(c) 50 (d) 100 (c) Zero
59. A magnet NS is suspended from a spring and while it oscillates, the (d) Along the magnetic field
magnet moves in and out of the coil C. The coil is connected to a
galvanometer G. Then as the magnet oscillates, 67. field of 0.05T, area of a coil changes from 101 cm 2
[KCET 2004]
In a magnetic
(a) G shows deflection to the left and right with constant
amplitude to 100 cm 2 without changing the resistance which is 2. The
(b) G shows deflection on one side amount of charge that flow during this period is
(c) G shows no deflection. [Orissa PMT 2005]
(d) G shows deflection to the left and right N 6 6
but the amplitude steadily decreases. (a) 2.5  10 coulomb (b) 2  10 coulomb
S
60. A coil having n turns and resistance R  is 6 6
(c) 10 coulomb (d) 8  10 coulomb
connected with a galvanometer of resistance
4 R . This combination is moved in time t 68. If a coil of 40 turns and area 4.0 cm is suddenly removed from a
2

seconds from a magnetic field W weber to W

1 2
magnetic field, it is observed that a charge of 2.0  10 4 C flows
weber. The induced current in the circuit is into the[AIEEE
coil. If2004]
the resistance of the coil is 80  , the magnetic flux
W  W1 n(W2  W1 ) density in W b / m 2 is
(a)  2 (b)  [MP PET 2005]
5 Rnt 5 Rt
(a) 0.5 (b) 1.0
(W2  W1 ) n(W2  W1 )
(c)  (d)  (c) 1.5 (d) 2.0
Rnt Rt
61. If a copper ring is moved quickly towards south pole of a powerful
stationary bar magnet, then [Pb. PMT 2004] Motional EMI
(a) Current flows through the copper ring
(b) Voltage in the magnet increase 1. A rectangular coil ABCD is rotated anticlockwise with a uniform
(c) Current flows in the magnet angular velocity about the axis shown in diagram below. The axis of
(d) Copper ring will get magnetised rotation of the coil as well as the magnetic field B are horizontal.
62. The magnetic flux linked with coil, in weber is given by the The induced e.m.f. in the coil would be maximum when
equation,   5 t 2  3 t  16 . The induced emf in the coil in the [Haryana CEE 1996; MP PMT 1992, 94, 99]
fourth second is [Pb. PMT 2004]
D Axis
(a) 10 V (b) 30 V

63.
www.eduaid.co.in
(c) 45 V (d) 90 V
The coil of area 0.1 m has 500 turns. After placing the coil in a
2

magnetic field of strength 4  10 4 W b / m 2 , if rotated through 90

in 0.1 s, the average emf induced in the coil is
[Pb. PET 2002]
o

A C

(a) 0.012 V (b) 0.05 V

(c) 0.1 V (d) 0.2 V B
64. Magnetic flux in a circuit containing a coil of resistance 2 changes (a) The plane of the coil is horizontal
from 2.0 Wb to 10 Wb in 0.2 sec. The charge passed through the (b) The plane of the coil makes an angle of 45° with the magnetic
coil in this time is [DPMT 2003] field
(a) 0.8 C (b) 1.0 C
(c) 5.0 C (d) 4.0 C (c) The plane of the coil is at right angles to the magnetic field
65. The diagram below shows two coils A and B placed parallel to each (d) The plane of the coil makes an angle of 30° with the magnetic
other at a very small distance. Coil A is connected to an ac supply. G field
is a very sensitive galvanometer. When the key is closed [CPMT 1986]
2. A 10 metre wire kept in east-west falling with velocity 5

A B
m/sec perpendicular to the field 0.3  10 4 W b / m 2 . The induced
e.m.f. across the terminal will be [MP PET 2000]
K (a) 0.15 V (b) 1.5 mV
G
(a) Constant deflection will be observed in the galvanometer for 50 (c) 1.5 V (d) 15.0 V
Hz supply 3. An electric potential difference will be induced between the ends of
(b) Visible small variations will be observed in the galvanometer the conductor shown in the diagram, when the conductor moves in
for 50 Hz input the direction
(c) Oscillations in the galvanometer may be observed when the
[AIIMS 1982; DPMT 2001]
input ac voltage has a frequency of 1 to 2 Hz M
(d) No variation will be observed in the galvanometer even when (a) P
(b) Q L Q
the input ac voltage is 1 or 2 Hz
66. An infinitely long cylinder is kept parallel to an uniform magnetic (c) L N S
field B directed along positive z axis. The direction of induced (d) M
current as seen from the z axis will be 4. Two rails of a railway trackP insulated from each other and the

[IIT-JEE (Screening) 2005]

ground are connected to a milli voltmeter. What is the reading of
voltmeter, when a train travels with a speed of 180 km/hr along the
(a) Clockwise of the +ve z axis
 1308 Electromagnetic Induction
track. Given that the vertical component of earth's magnetic field is vertical positions, then the potential difference induced between the
0.2  10 4 weber / m 2 and the rails are separated by 1 metre two ends of the rod in two cases will be [MP P
3
[IIT 1981; KCET 2001] (a) Zero in vertical position and 1  10 V in horizontal position
(a) 10 2 volt (b) 10 4 volt 3
(b) 1  10 V in vertical position and zero is horizontal position
(c) 10 3 volt (d) 1 volt (c) Zero in both cases
5. A conductor of 3 m in length is moving perpendicularly to magnetic (d) 1  10 3 V in both cases
3 2
field of 10 tesla with the speed of 10 m / s , then the e.m.f. 12. A coil of area 80 square cm and 50 turns is rotating with 2000
produced across the ends of conductor will be revolutions per minute about
[MP PET 1990]an axis perpendicular to a magnetic
field of 0.05 Tesla. The maximum value of the e.m.f. developed in it
(a) 0.03 volt (b) 0.3 volt is [MP PMT 1994]
(c) 3  10 3 volt (d) 3 volt 10
(a) 200 volt (b) volt
6. When a wire loop is rotated in a magnetic field, the direction of 3
induced e.m.f. changes once in each 4 2
[MP PMT 1991, 04] (c) volt (d) volt
3 3
1 1 13. A conducting rod of length l is falling with a velocity v
(a) revolution (b) revolution
4 2 perpendicular to a uniform horizontal magnetic field B. The
(c) 1 revolution (d) 2 revolution potential difference between its two ends will be
7. An aeroplane in which the distance between the tips of wings is 50 [MP PMT 1994]
m is flying horizontally with a speed of 360 km/hr over a place (a) 2Blv (b) Blv
where the vertical components of earth magnetic field is 1
(c) Blv (d) B 2 l 2v 2
2.0  10 4 weber / m 2 . The potential difference between the tips 2
of wings would be 14. A conducting wire is moving towards right in a magnetic field B.
[CPMT 1990; MP PET 1991] The direction of induced current in the wire is shown in the figure.
(a) 0.1 V (b) 1.0 V The direction of magnetic field will be
(c) 0.2 V (d) 0.01 V [MP PET 1995]
8. A copper disc of radius 0.1 m is rotated about its centre with 10
revolutions per second in a uniform magnetic field of 0.1 Tesla with

www.eduaid.co.in
its plane perpendicular to the field. The e.m.f. induced across the B i v
radius of disc is [MH CET (Med) 2001]
 2
(a) V (b) V (a) In the plane of paper pointing towards right
10 10
(b) In the plane of paper pointing towards left
(c)   10 2 V (d) 2  10 2 V (c) Perpendicular to the plane of paper and down-wards
9. A metal conductor of length 1m rotates vertically about one of its (d) Perpendicular to the plane of paper and upwards
ends at angular velocity 5 radians per second. If the horizontal 15. The current carrying wire and the rod AB are in the same plane.
component of earth's magnetic field is 0.2  10 4 T , then the The rod moves parallel to the wire with a velocity v. Which one of
the following statements is true about induced emf in the rod
e.m.f. developed between the two ends of the conductor is[MP PMT 1992; AIEEE 2004]
(a) 5 mV (b) 5  10 4 V A i
(c) 50 mV (d) 50 V
10. A conducting square loop of side L and resistance R moves in its v
plane with a uniform velocity v perpendicular to one of its sides. A
magnetic induction B constant in time and space, pointing (a) End A will be at lower potential with respect to B
perpendicular and into the plane of the loop exists everywhere. The B same potential
(b) A and B will be at the
current induced in the loop is (c) There will be no induced e.m.f. in the rod
[IIT 1989; MP PET 1997; MP PMT 1996, 99; MP PMT 2002] (d) Potential at A will be higher than that at B
Blv 16. A long horizontal metallic rod with length along the east-west
(a) clockwise B   C  
direction is falling under gravity. The potential difference between
R 
B its two ends will [MP PMT 1997]
   
Blv v (a) Be zero (b) Be constant
(b) anticlockwise    
(c) Increase with time (d) Decrease with time
R
   
17. A two metre wire is moving with a velocity of 1 m/sec perpendicular
2 Blv     to a magnetic field of 0.5 weber/m . The e.m.f. induced in it will be
(c) anticlockwise
2

R  A   D  [MP PMT/PET 1998; Pb PET 2003]

(d) Zero (a) 0.5 volt (b) 0.1 volt
11. A player with 3 m long iron rod runs towards east with a speed of (c) 1 volt (d) 2 volt
30 km/hr. Horizontal component of earth's magnetic field is 18. A metal rod moves at a constant velocity in a direction
5 perpendicular to its length. A constant uniform magnetic field exists
4  10 W b / m . If he is running with rod in horizontal and
2
in space in a direction perpendicular to the rod as well as its
velocity. Select the correct statement(s) from the following [IIT JE
 Electromagnetic Induction 1309
(a) The entire rod is at the same electric potential [CPMT 2003]
(b) There is an electric field in the rod (a) 0.10 V (b) 0.15 V
(c) The electric potential is highest at the centre of the rod and (c) 0.20 V (d) 0.30 V
decreases towards its ends 27. A horizontal straight conductor kept in north-south direction falls
(d) The electric potential is lowest at the centre of the rod and under gravity, then [MP PMT 2003]
increases towards its ends
(a) A current will be induced from South to North
19. A conducting wire is dropped along east-west direction, then
(b) A current will be induced from North to South
[RPMT 1997]
(c) No induce e.m.f. along the length of conductor
(a) No emf is induced
(d) An induced e.m.f. is generated along the length of conductor
(b) No induced current flows
28. A rectangular coil of 300 turns has an average area of average area
(c) Induced current flows from west to east
of 25 cm  10 cm. The coil rotates with a speed of 50 cps in a
(d) Induced current flows from east to west
20. The magnetic induction in the region between the pole faces of an uniform magnetic field of strength 4  10 2 T about an axis
electromagnet is 0.7 weber/m . The induced e.m.f. in a straight
2
perpendicular of the field. The peak value of the induced e.m.f. is (in
volt) [KCET 2004]
conductor 10 cm long, perpendicular to B and moving perpendicular
both to magnetic induction and its own length with a velocity 2 (a) 3000 (b) 300
m/sec is [AMU (Med.) 1999] (c) 30 (d) 3
(a) 0.08 V (b) 0.14 V 29. A rod of length 20 cm is rotating with angular speed of 100 rps in a
(c) 0.35 V (d) 0.07 V magnetic field of strength 0.5 T about it’s one end. What is the
potential difference between two ends of the rod
21. A straight conductor of length 0.4 m is moved with a speed of 7 m/s [Orissa PMT 2004]
perpendicular to the magnetic field of intensity of 0.9 Wb/m . The 2

(a) 2.28 V (b) 4.28 V

induced e.m.f. across the conductor will be
(c) 6.28 V (d) 2.5 V
[MH CET (Med.) 1999]
30. A circular metal plate of radius R is rotating with a uniform
(a) 7.25 V (b) 3.75 V angular velocity  with its plane perpendicular to a uniform
(c) 1.25 V (d) 2.52 V magnetic field B. Then the emf developed between the centre and
the rim of the plate is [UPSEAT 2004]
22. A coil of N turns and mean cross-sectional area A is rotating with
uniform angular velocity  about an axis at right angle to uniform (a) BR 2 (b) BR 2
magnetic field B. The induced e.m.f. E in the coil will be [MP PMT 2002]

www.eduaid.co.in
(c)  BR 2 / 2 (d) BR 2 / 2
(a) NBA sint (b) NB  sint 31. A circular coil of mean radius of 7 cm and having 4000 turns is
(c) NB/A sint (d) NBA  sint rotated at the rate of 1800 revolutions per minute in the earth's
magnetic field (B = 0.5 gauss), the maximum e.m.f. induced in coil
23. A conducting square loop of side l and resistance R moves in its will be [Pb. PMT 2003]
plane with a uniform velocity v perpendicular to one of its sides. A (a) 1.158 V (b) 0.58 V
magnetic induction B constant in time and space, pointing (c) 0.29 V (d) 5.8 V
perpendicular and into the plane at the loop exists everywhere with
32. One conducting U tube can slide inside another as shown in figure,
half the loop outside the field, as shown in figure. The induced e.m.f. maintaining electrical contacts between the tubes. The magnetic field
is [AIEEE 2002] B is perpendicular to the plane of the figure. If each tube moves
towards the other at a constant sped v then the emf induced in the
(a) Zero   B   C circuit in terms of B, l and v where l is the width of each tube, will
be
(b) RvB    
v [AIEEE 2005]
(c) VBl/R    
l
   
(d) VBl     B 
A
   
24. A  m long
A wheel with ten metallic spokes each 0.50  isD rotated with a (a) Zero  
speed of 120 rev/min in a plane normal to the earth’s magnetic field at (b) 2 Blv v v
  
the place. If the magnitude of the field is 0.4 Gauss, the induced e.m.f. 
(c) Blv 
between the axle and the rim of the wheel is equal to [AMU (Med.) 2002]

(d)  Blv 
3 4
(a) 1.256  10 V (b) 6.28  10 V 
D    C 

(c) 1.256  10 4 V (d) 6.28  10 5 V 33. The magnitude of the earth’s magnetic field at a place is B0 and
25. A metal rod of length 2 m is rotating with an angular velocity of 100 the angle of dip is  . A horizontal conductor of length l lying along
the magnetic north-south moves eastwards with a velocity v. The
rad/sec in a plane perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 0.3 emf induced across the conductor is
T. The potential difference between the ends of the rod is [MP PET 2003]
[Kerala PET 2005]
(a) 30 V (b) 40 V (a) Zero (b) B0 l v sin
(c) 60 V (d) 600 V
(c) B0 l v (d) B0 l v cos 
26. The wing span of an aeroplane is 20 metre. It is flying in a field,
where the vertical component of magnetic field of earth is 5  10 –5

tesla, with velocity 360 km/h. The potential difference produced Static EMI
between the blades will be
 1310 Electromagnetic Induction
1. The back e.m.f. induced in a coil, when current changes from 1 (a) Magnetic
ampere to zero in one milli-second, is 4 volts, the self inductance of (b) Electrical
the coil is [MP PET/PMT 1988]
(c) Both magnetic and electrical
(a) 1 H (b) 4 H (d) Heat
(c) 10 3 H (d) 4  10 3 H 12. The coefficient of self inductance of a solenoid is 0.18 mH. If a crode
2. An e.m.f. of 5 volt is produced by a self inductance, when the of soft iron of relative permeability 900 is inserted, then the
current changes at a steady rate from 3 A to 2 A in 1 millisecond. coefficient of self inductance will become nearly
The value of self inductance is
(a) 5.4 mH (b) 162 mH
[CPMT 1982; MP PMT 1991; CBSE PMT 1993; AFMC 2002]
(a) Zero (b) 5 H (c) 0.006 mH (d) 0.0002 mH
(c) 5000 H (d) 5 mH 13. In a transformer, the coefficient of mutual inductance between the
3. A 50 mH coil carries a current of 2 ampere. The energy stored in primary and the secondary coil is 0.2 henry. When the current
joules is [MP PET/PMT 1988; MP PET 2005] changes by 5 ampere/second in the primary, the induced e.m.f. in
(a) 1 (b) 0.1 the secondary will be
(c) 0.05 (d) 0.5 [MP PMT 1989]
4. The current passing through a choke coil of 5 henry is decreasing at (a) 5 V (b) 1 V
the rate of 2 ampere/sec. The e.m.f. developing across the coil is
[CPMT 1982; MP PMT 1990; AIIMS 1997; MP PET 1999] (c) 25 V (d) 10 V
(a) 10 V (b) – 10 V 14. When the current in a coil changes from 8 ampere to 2 ampere in
(c) 2.5 V (d) – 2.5 V 3  10 2 second, the e.m.f. induced in the coil is 2 volt . The self
5. Average energy stored in a pure inductance L when a current i flows inductance of the coil (in millihenry) is
through it, is [MP PET/PMT 1988]
[MNR 1991; UP SEAT 2000; Pb PET 2004]
(a) Li 2 (b) 2Li 2
(a) 1 (b) 5
Li 2 Li 2
(c) (d) (c) 20 (d) 10
4 2
15. The mutual inductance between two coils is 1.25 henry. If the
6. A solenoid has 2000 turns wound over a length of 0.30 metre. The
current in the primary changes at the rate of 80 ampere/second,
area of its cross-section is 1.2  10 3 m 2 . Around its central then the induced e.m.f. in the secondary is
section, a coil of 300 turns is wound. If an initial current of 2 A in

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[MP PET 1990]
the solenoid is reversed in 0.25 sec, then the e.m.f. induced in the
coil is (a) 12.5 V (b) 64.0 V
[NCERT 1982; MP PMT 2003] (c) 0.016 V (d) 100.0 V
(a) 6  10 4 V (b) 4.8  10 3 V 16. A coil of wire of a certain radius has 600 turns and a self inductance
(c) 6  10 2 V (d) 48 mV of 108 mH. The self inductance of a 2 similar coil of 500 turns will
nd

be [MP PMT 1990]

7. A coil is wound as a transformer of rectangular cross-section. If all
the linear dimensions of the transformer are increased by a factor 2 (a) 74 mH (b) 75 mH
and the number of turns per unit length of the coil remain the
(c) 76 mH (d) 77 mH
same, the self inductance increased by a factor of [AIIMS 1980]
(a) 16 (b) 12 17. When the number of turns in a coil is doubled without any change
(c) 8 (d) 4 in the length of the coil, its self inductance becomes
8. Two coils of self inductance L1 and L 2 are placed closer to each [MP PMT 1986; CBSE PMT 1992; Pb PET 2000]
other so that total flux in one coil is completely linked with other. If (a) Four times (b) Doubled
M is mutual inductance between them, then (c) Halved (d) Unchanged
[DCE 2002] 18. The average e.m.f. induced in a coil in which the current changes
(a) M  L1 L 2 (b) M  L1 / L 2 from 2 ampere to 4 ampere in 0.05 second is 8 volt. What is the self
inductance of the coil ?
(c) M L1 L 2 (d) M  (L1 L 2 ) 2
[NCERT 1984; CPMT 1997; MP PMT 1999, 2003;
9. The equivalent quantity of mass in electricity is UPSEAT 2000; RPMT 2000; Pb. PMT 2002; RPET 2003;
(a) Charge (b) Potential DPMT 2005]
(c) Inductance (d) Current (a) 0.1 H (b) 0.2 H
10. The momentum in mechanics is expressed as m  v . The (c) 0.4 H (d) 0.8 H
analogous expression in electricity is [MP PMT 2003] 19. If a current of 3.0 amperes flowing in the primary coil is reduced to
zero in 0.001 second, then the induced e.m.f. in the secondary coil is
(a) IQ (b) IV
15000 volts. The mutual inductance between the two coils is [MP P
(c) LI (d) LQ (a) 0.5 henry (b) 5 henry
11. In what form is the energy stored in an inductor or (c) 1.5 henry (d) 10 henry
A coil of inductance L is carrying a steady current i. What is the 20. An e.m.f. of 12 volts is induced in a given coil when the current in it
nature of its stored energy [CBSE PMT 1990, 92; changes at the rate of 48 amperes per minute. The self inductance
MP PMT 1996, 2000, 02; Kerala PMT 2002] of the coil is [MP PMT 2000]
 Electromagnetic Induction 1311
(a) 0.25 henry (b) 15 henry 30. The current flowing in a coil of self inductance 0.4 mH is increased
(c) 1.5 henry (d) 9.6 henry by 250 mA in 0.1 sec. The e.m.f. induced will be
[MP PMT 1994]
21. A closely wound coil of 100 turns and area of cross-section 1 cm 2 (a) + 1 V (b) – 1 V
has a coefficient of self-induction 1 mH. The magnetic induction in (c) + 1 mV (d) – 1 mV
the centre of the core of the coil when a current of 2 A flows in it,
will be [MP PET 1992] 31. 5 cm long solenoid having 10 ohm resistance and 5 mH inductance
is joined to a 10 volt battery. At steady state the current through the
(a) 0.022 W bm2 (b) 0.4 W b m 2 solenoid in ampere will be
[MP PET 1995]
(c) 0.8 W b m 2 (d) 1 W b m 2
(a) 5 (b) 1
22. Two circuits have coefficient of mutual induction of 0.09 henry. (c) 2 (d) Zero
Average e.m.f. induced in the secondary by a change of current from
0 to 20 ampere in 0.006 second in the primary will be 32. When current
[MP PET in a coil changes to 2 ampere from 8 ampere in
1992]
(a) 120 V (b) 80 V 3  10 3 sec ond , the e.m.f. induced in the coil is 2 volt. The self
(c) 200 V (d) 300 V inductance of the coil in millihenry is
[MP PET 1995]
23. In the following circuit, the bulb will become suddenly bright if [CBSE PMT 1989]
(a) 1 (b) 5
(a) Contact is made or broken (c) 20 (d) 10
(b) Contact is made 33. An ideal coil of 10 henry is joined in series with a resistance of 5
ohm and a battery of 5 volt. 2 second after joining, the current
(c) Contact is broken flowing in ampere in the circuit will be
(d) Won't become bright at all [MP PET 1995]
24. Two pure inductors each of self inductance L are connected in (a) e 1
(b) (1  e )1
parallel but are well separated from each other. The total inductance
is (c) (1  e ) (d) e
[MP PET 1991; Pb. PMT 1999; BHU 1998, 05] 34. The number of turns of primary and secondary coils of a
transformer are 5 and 10 respectively and the mutual inductance of
(a) 2L (b) L the transformer is 25 henry. Now the number of turns in the
L L primary and secondary of the transformer are made 10 and 5
(c) (d) respectively. The mutual inductance of the transformer in henry will

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2 4
be [MP PET 1995]
25. A coil and a bulb are connected in series with a dc source, a soft (a) 6.25 (b) 12.5
iron core is then inserted in the coil. Then (c) 25 (d) 50
[MP PMT 1990; RPET 2001]
35. The inductance of a coil is 60 H . A current in this coil increases
(a) Intensity of the bulb remains the same
from 1.0 A to 1.5 A in 0.1 second. The magnitude of the induced
(b) Intensity of the bulb decreases e.m.f. is [MP PMT 1995]
(c) Intensity of the bulb increases
(a) 60  10 6 V (b) 300  10 4 V
(d) The bulb ceases to glow
26. Self induction of a solenoid is [MP PMT 1993] (c) 30  10 4 V (d) 3  10 4 V
(a) Directly proportional to current flowing through the coil 36. A circular coil of radius 5 cm has 500 turns of a wire. The
(b) Directly proportional to its length approximate value of the coefficient of self induction of the coil will
be [MP PET 1996; Pb PET 2000]
(c) Directly proportional to area of cross-section
(d) Inversely proportional to area of cross-section (a) 25 millihenry (b) 25  10 3 millihenry
27. Mutual inductance of two coils can be increased by (c) 50  10 3 millihenry (d) 50  10 3 henry
[MP PET 1994] 37. An e.m.f. of 100 millivolts is induced in a coil when the current in
(a) Decreasing the number of turns in the coils another nearby coil becomes 10 ampere from zero in 0.1 second. The
coefficient of mutual induction between the two coils will be
(b) Increasing the number of turns in the coils
[MP PET 1996; Kerala PMT 2004]
(c) Winding the coils on wooden core
(a) 1 millihenry (b) 10 millihenry
(d) None of the above
(c) 100 millihenry (d) 1000 millihenry
28. The self inductance of a coil is 5 henry, a current of 1 amp change to
2 amp within 5 second through the coil. The value of induced e.m.f. 38. In a coil of self inductance 0.5 henry, the current varies at a
will be [MP PET 1994; constant rate from zero to 10 amperes in 2 seconds. The e.m.f.
Similar MP PET/PMT 1998; CBSE PMT 1990] generated in the coil is [MP PMT 1996]

(a) 10 volt (b) 0.10 volt (a) 10 volts (b) 5 volts

(c) 1.0 volt (d) 100 volt (c) 2.5 volts (d) 1.25 volts
29. The unit of inductance is [MP PMT 1994, 95; 39. A coil of self inductance 50 henry is joined to the terminals of a
MP PET 1997; MP PMT/PET 1998; RPET 2001] battery of e.m.f. 2 volts through a resistance of 10 ohm and a steady
(a) Volt/ampere (b) Joule/ampere current is flowing through the circuit. If the battery is now
disconnected, the time in which the current will decay to 1/ e of its
(c) Volt-sec/ampere (d) Volt-ampere/sec steady value is [MP PMT 1996]
 1312 Electromagnetic Induction
(a) 500 seconds (b) 50 seconds 50. When the number of turns and the length of the solenoid are
(c) 5 seconds (d) 0.5 seconds doubled keeping the area of cross-section same, the inductance [CBSE PMT 1993; MH CET 2000]
40. The self inductance of a solenoid of length L, area of cross-section A (a) Remains the same (b) Is halved
and having N turns is (c) Is doubled (d) Becomes four times
[MP PET 1997; MP PET 2003]
51. A 100 mH coil carries a current of 1 ampere. Energy stored in its
0 N 2 A  0 NA magnetic field is [CBSE PMT 1992; KCET 1998]
(a) (b)
L L (a) 0.5 J (b) 1 J
(c)  0 N 2 LA (d)  0 NAL (c) 0.05 J (d) 0.1 J
41. The self inductance of a coil is L. Keeping the length and area same, 52. The mutual inductance of an induction coil is 5 H . In the primary
the number of turns in the coil is increased to four times. The self
inductance of the coil will now be coil, the current reduces from 5 A to zero in 10 3 s . What is the
[MP PMT 1997] induced emf in the secondary coil [RPET 1996]
1 (a) 2500V (b) 25000V
(a) L (b) L
4
(c) 2510V (d) Zero
(c) 4 L (d) 16 L
42. The mutual inductance between a primary and secondary circuits is 53. The self inductance of a straight conductor is [KCET 1998]
0.5 H. The resistances of the primary and the secondary circuits are (a) Zero (b) Very large
20 ohms and 5 ohms respectively. To generate a current of 0.4 A in
(c) Infinity (d) Very small
the secondary, current in the primary must be changed at the rate
of [MP PMT 1997] 54. What is the coefficient of mutual inductance when the magnetic flux
(a) 4.0 A/s (b) 16.0 A/s changes by 2  10 2 W b and change in current is 0.01A[BHU 1998; AIIMS 2002]
(c) 1.6 A/s (d) 8.0 A/s (a) 2 henry (b) 3 henry
43. The energy stored in a 50 mH inductor carrying a current of 4 A
1
will be [MP PET 1999] (c) henry (d) Zero
(a) 0.4 J (b) 4.0 J 2
(c) 0.8 J (d) 0.04 J 55. The current in a coil changes from 4 ampere to zero in 0.1 s. If the
44. The average e.m.f. induced in a coil in which a current changes from average e.m.f. induced is 100 volt, what is the self inductance of the
0 to 2 A in 0.05 s is 8 V. The self inductance of the coil is coil [CPMT 1999] [MNR 1998]

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(a) 0.1 H (b) 0.2 H (a) 2.5 H (b) 25 H
(c) 0.4 H (d) 0.8 H (c) 400 H (d) 40 H
45. If the current is halved in a coil, then the energy stored is how much
times the previous value [CPMT 1999] 56. Pure inductance of 3.0 H is connected as shown below. The
equivalent inductance of the circuit is
1 1
(a) (b) [MNR 1998; AIEEE 2002]
2 4
(c) 2 (d) 4
46. The SI unit of inductance, the henry, can be written as
[IIT JEE 1998]
(a) Weber/ampere (b) Volt-second/ampere (a) 1 H (b) 2 H
(c) Joule/(ampere) 2
(d) Ohm-second (c) 3 H (d) 9 H
47. A varying current in a coil changes from 10 amp to zero in 0.5 sec. 57. A varying current at the rate of 3 A/s in a coil generates an e.m.f. of
If average EMF is induced in the coil is 220 volts, the self inductance 8 mV in a nearby coil. The mutual inductance of the two coils is [Pb. PM
of coil is 3
(a) 2.66 mH (b) 2.66  10 mH
[EAMCET 1994; MH CET (Med.) 1999]
(a) 5 H (b) 10 H (c) 2.66 H (d) 0.266 H
(c) 11 H (d) 12 H 58. If a current of 10 A flows in one second through a coil, and the
induced e.m.f. is 10 V, then the self-inductance of the coil is [CPMT 2000; Pb. PMT 2001; MHCET 2
48. Which of the following is wrong statement [AMU 1995]
2 4
(a) An emf can be induced between the ends of a straight (a) H (b) H
conductor by moving it through a uniform magnetic field 5 5
(b) The self induced emf produced by changing current in a coil 5
always tends to decrease the current (c) H (d) 1 H
4
(c) Inserting an iron core in a coil increases its coefficient of self 59. The inductance of a closed-packed coil of 400 turns is 8 mH. A
induction current of 5 mA is passed through it. The magnetic flux through
(d) According to Lenz's law, the direction of the induced current is each turn of the coil is [Roorkee 2000]
such that it opposes the flux change that causes it
1 1
49. A coil has an inductance of 2.5 H and a resistance of 0.5 r. If the coil (a) 0W b (b)  Wb
4 2
0

is suddenly connected across a 6.0 volt battery, then the time

required for the current to rise 0.63 of its final value is 1[AMU 1995]
(c) 0W b (d) 0.4  0 W b
(a) 3.5 sec (b) 4.0 sec 3
(c) 4.5 sec (d) 5.0 sec
 Electromagnetic Induction 1313
60. When the current through a solenoid increases at a constant rate, 70. Two coils A and B having turns 300 and 600 respectively are placed
the induced current [UPSEAT 2000] near each other, on passing a current of 3.0 ampere in A, the flux
(a) Is constant and is in the direction of the inducing current linked with A is 1.2  10 4 weber and with B it is
(b) Is a constant and is opposite to the direction of the inducing
current 9.0  10 5 weber . The mutual inductance of the system is [MP PM
(c) Increases with time and is in the direction of the inducing
current (a) 2  10 henry
–5
(b) 3  10 henry
–5

(d) Increases with time and opposite to the direction of the (c) 4  10 henry
–5
(d) 6  10 henry
–5

inducing current 71. In a circular conducting coil, when current increases from 2 A to 18
61. If in a coil rate of change of area is 5 m /milli second and current
2

A in 0.05 sec., the induced e.m.f. is 20 V. The self inductance of the

become 1 amp from 2 amp in 2  10 3 sec. If magnitude of field is coil is [MP PET 2001]
1 tesla then self inductance of the coil is (a) 62.5 mH (b) 6.25 mH
[RPET 2000] (c) 50 mH (d) None of these
(a) 2 H (b) 5 H 72. Find out the e.m.f. produced when the current changes from 0 to 1
(c) 20 H (d) 10 H A in 10 second, given L = 10 H [DCE 2001]
62. The inductance of a solenoid 0.5 m long of cross-sectional area 20
(a) 1 V (b) 1 V
cm and with 500 turns is
2
[AMU (Med.) 2000]
(a) 12.5 mH (b) 1.25 mH (c) 1 mV (d) 0.1 V
73. Which of the following is not the unit of self inductance
(c) 15.0 mH (d) 0.12 mH
[AMU (Med.) 2001]
63. The equivalent inductance of two inductances is 2.4 henry when
connected in parallel and 10 henry when connected in series. The (a) Weber/Ampere (b) Ohm-Second
difference between the two inductances is (c) Joule-Ampere (d) Joule Ampere –2

[MP PMT 2000] 74. A coil of 100 turns carries a current of 5 mA and creates a magnetic
(a) 2 henry (b) 3 henry flux of 10 weber. the inductance is
–5

(c) 4 henry (d) 5 henry [Orissa JEE 2002]

64. An e.m.f. of 12 volt is produced in a coil when the current in it (a) 0.2 mH (b) 2.0 mH
changes at the rate of 45 amp/minute. The inductance of the coil is (c) 0.02[MPmHPET 2000] (d) None of these
(a) 0.25 henry (b) 1.5 henry 75. In circular coil, when no. of turns is doubled and resistance becomes
(c) 9.6 henry (d) 16.0 henry

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1
65. An average induced e.m.f. of 1V appears in a coil when the current th of initial, then inductance becomes
4
in it is changed from 10A in one direction to 10 A in opposite
[AIEEE 2002]
direction in 0.5 sec. Self-inductance of the coil is
(a) 4 times (b) 2 times
[CPMT 2001]
(a) 25 mH (b) 50 mH (c) 8 times (d) No change
76. The current in a coil of inductance 5 H decreases at the rate of 2
(c) 75 mH (d) 100 mH
A/s. The induced e.m.f. is [MH CET 2002]
66. A coil of resistance 10  and an inductance 5H is connected to a 100 (a) 2 V (b) 5 V
volt battery. Then energy stored in the coil is
(c) 10 V (d) – 10 V
[Pb. PMT 2001; CPMT 2002]
77. The self-induced e.m.f. in a 0.1 H coil when the current in it is
(a) 125 erg (b) 125 J changing at the rate of 200 ampere/second is
(c) 250 erg (d) 250 J [DPMT 2002]
67. If a change in current of 0.01 A in one coil produces a change in
(a) 8  10 4 V (b) 8  10 5 V
magnetic flux of 1.2  10 2 W b in the other coil, then the mutual
inductance of the two coils in henries is (c) 20 V (d) 125 V
[EAMCET 2001] 78. Two circuits have mutual inductance of 0.1 H. What average e.m.f. is
(a) 0 (b) 0.5 induced in one circuit when the current in the other circuit changes
from 0 to 20 A in 0.02 s
(c) 1.2 (d) 3
[Kerala PET 2002]
68. Energy stored in a coil of self inductance 40 mH carrying a steady
(a) 240 V (b) 230 V
current of 2 A is [Kerala (Engg.) 2001]
(c) 100 V (d) 300 V
(a) 0.8 J (b) 8 J
79. An air core solenoid has 1000 turns and is one metre long. Its cross-
(c) 0.08 J (d) 80 J sectional area is 10 cm . Its self inductance is
2

69. A solenoid of length l metre has self-inductance L henry. If number [JIPMER 2002]
of turns are doubled, its self inductance (a) 0.1256 mH (b) 12.56 mH
[MP PMT 2001] (c) 1.256 mH (d) 125.6 mH
(a) Remains same (b) Becomes 2L henry 80. The coefficient of mutual inductance of two coils is 6 mH. If the
current flowing in one is 2 ampere, then the induced e.m.f. in the
L second coil will be [BVP 2003]
(c) Becomes 4L henry (d) Becomes henry
2 (a) 3 mV (b) 2 mV
(c) 3 V (d) Zero
 1314 Electromagnetic Induction
81. An L-R circuit has a cell of e.m.f. E, which is switched on at time t = 91. Two identical induction coils each of inductance L joined in series
0. The current in the circuit after a long time will be are placed very close to each other such that the winding direction
[MP PET 2003] of one is exactly opposite to that of the other, what is the net
E inductance [DCE 2003]
(a) Zero (b) (a) L 2
(b) 2L
R
(c) L/2 (d) Zero
E E
(c) (d) 92. If the current 30 A flowing in the primary coil is made zero in 0.1
L L  R2
2
sec. The emf induced in the secondary coil is 1.5 volt. The mutual
82. Two coils are placed close to each other. The mutual inductance of inductance between the coil is [Pb PMT 2003]
the pair of coils depends upon [AIEEE 2003] (a) 0.05 H (b) 1.05 H
(a) The currents in the two coils (c) 0.1 H (d) 0.2 H
93. Eddy currents are used in [AFMC 2004]
(b) The rates at which currents are changing in the two coils
(a) Induction furnace (b) Electromagnetic brakes
(c) Relative position and orientation of the two coils (c) Speedometers (d) All of these
(d) The materials of the wires of the coils 94. The adjoining figure shows two bulbs B and B resistor R and an 1 2

83. When the current change from + 2A to – 2A in 0.05 second, an inductor L. When the switch S is turned off
e.m.f. of 8 V is induced in a coil. The coefficient of self-induction of S [CPMT 1989]
B1
the coil is [AIEEE 2003] R
(a) 0.1 H (b) 0.2 H
(c) 0.4 H (d) 0.8 H B2
84. A coil resistance 20 and inductance 5H is connected with a 100V L
battery. Energy stored in the coil will be
[MP PMT 2003]
(a) Both B and B die out promptly
(a) 41.5 J (b) 62.50 J 1 2

(b) Both B and B die out with some delay

(c) 125 J (d) 250 J
1 2

(c) B dies out promptly but B with some delay

1 2

85. Why the current does not rise immediately in a circuit containing (d) B dies out promptly but B with some delay
inductance [EAMCET 1994] 2 1

95. In L-R circuit, for the case of increasing current, the magnitude of
(a) Because of induced emf current can be calculated by using the formula

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(b) Because of high voltage drop [MP PET 1994]
(c) Because of low power consumption (a) I  I0 e  Rt / L
(b) I  I0 (1  e  Rt / L
)
(d) Because of Joule heating
86. Two circular coils have their centres at the same point. The mutual (c) I  I0 (1  e Rt / L
) (d) I  I0 e Rt / L

inductance between them will be maximum when their axes 96. [MP PMTL2004]
An inductance and a resistance R are first connected to a battery.
(a) Are parallel to each other After some time the battery is disconnected but L and R remain
connected in a closed circuit. Then the current reduces to 37% of its
(b) Are at 60 to each other
o

initial value in [MP PMT 1994]

(c) Are at 45 to each other
o

R
(d) Are perpendicular to each other (a) RL sec (b) sec
L
87. The current in a coil decreases from 1 A to 0.2 A. In 10sec. Calculate L 1
the coefficient of self inductance. If induced emf is 0.4 volt. (c) sec 2004]
[BCECE (d) sec
R LR
(a) 5 H (b) 3 H 97. In an LR-circuit, time constant is that time in which current grows
(c) 4 H (d) 2 H from zero to the value (where I0 is the steady state current) [MP PMT/PET 1998; MP PET 2002]
88. The current through choke coil increases form zero to 6A in 0.3 (a) 0.63 I0 (b) 0.50 I0
seconds and an induced e.m.f. of 30 V is produced. The inductance
of the coil of choke is [MP PMT 2004] (c) 0.37 I0 (d) I0
(a) 5 H (b) 2.5 H 98. In the figure magnetic energy stored in the coil is
[RPET 2000]
(c) 1.5 H (d) 2 H
2H
89. The resistance and inductance of series circuit are 5  and 20H
respectively. At the instant of closing the switch, the current is 10 V 2
increasing at the rate 4A-s. The supply voltage is
[MP PMT 2004] (a) Zero (b) Infinite
(a) 20 V (b) 80 V (c) 25 joules (d) None of the above
(c) 120 V (d) 100 V 99. A capacitor is fully charged with a battery. Then the battery is
90. A coil of N = 100 turns carries a current I = 5 A and creates a removed and coil is connected with the capacitor in parallel, current
magnetic flux   10 5 Tm 2 per turn. The value of its inductance varies as [RPET 2000; DCE 2000]
L will be [UPSEAT 2004] (a) Increases monotonically (b) Decreases monotonically
(a) 0.05 mH (b) 0.10 mH (c) Zero (d) Oscillates indefinitely
(c) 0.15 mH (d) 0.20 mH
 Electromagnetic Induction 1315
100. A coil of inductance 40 henry is connected in 0series with a (c) Time (d) No dimension
resistance of 8 ohm and the combination is joined to the terminals
of a 2 volt battery. The time constant of the circuit is [MP PET 2000]
(a) 40 seconds (b) 20 seconds Application of EMI (Motor, Dynamo, Transformer...)
(c) 8 seconds (d) 5 seconds
1. Which of the following does not depend upon the magnetic effect of
101. A solenoid has an inductance of 60 henrys and a resistance of 30 some sort
ohms. If it is connected to a 100 volt battery, how long will it take
(a) Moving coil galvanometer
e 1
for the current to reach  63.2 % of its final value (b) Hot[MPwire
PET ammeter
2000]
e
(c) Dynamo
(a) 1 second (b) 2 seconds
(d) Electric motor
(c) e seconds (d) 2e seconds
2. Use of eddy currents is done in the following except
102. An inductor, L a resistance R and two identical bulbs, B1 and B 2
(a) Moving coil galvanometer
are connected to a battery through a switch S as shown in the
figure. The resistance R is the same as that of the coil that makes L. (b) Electric brakes
Which of the following statements gives the correct description of (c) Induction motor
the happenings when the switch S is closed [AMU (Med.) 2002]
(d) Dynamo

L 3. Plane of eddy currents makes an angle with the plane of magnetic

B1 lines of force equal to
(a) 40 o (b) 0 o
R B2
(c) 90 o (d) 180 o
(a) The bulb B lights up
2 B earlier than B and finally both the bulbs
1
4. Which of the following is constructed on the principle of
shine equally bright S electromagnetic induction [MP PMT 2002]
(b) B light up earlier and finally both the bulbs acquire equal
1
(a) Galvanometer (b) Electric motor
brightness
(c) Generator (d) Voltmeter
(c) B lights up earlier and finally B shines brighter than B
2 1 2

5. A transformer is based on the principle of

(d) B and B light up together with equal brightness all the time
1 2

[AIIMS 1998; AFMC 2005]

103. The time constant of an LR circuit represents the time in which the

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current in the circuit [MP PMT 2002]
(a) Reaches a value equal to about 37% of its final value
(b) Reaches a value equal to about 63% of its final value
(c) Attains a constant value
(d) Attains 50% of the constant value
6.
(a)
(c)
Mutual inductance
Ampere's law
(b) Self inductance
(d) Lenz's law
Which of the following is not an application of eddy currents
[CBSE PMT 1989]
(a) Induction furnace
104. A LC circuit is in the state of resonance. If C  0.1F and (b) Galvanometer damping
L  0.25 henry. Neglecting ohmic resistance of circuit what is the
(c) Speedometer of automobiles
frequency of oscillations [BHU 2003; MP PMT 2005]
(a) 1007 Hz (b) 100 Hz (d) X-ray crystallography
(c) 109 Hz (d) 500 Hz 7. The core of a transformer is laminated to reduce energy losses due
105. An oscillator circuit consists of an inductance of 0.5 mH and a to
capacitor of 20 F . The resonant frequency of the circuit is nearly [Kerala PET 2002] [CBSE PMT 1990; Karnataka CET (Med.) 2001]

(a) 15.92 Hz (b) 159.2 Hz (a) Eddy currents (b) Hysteresis

(c) 1592 Hz (d) 15910 Hz (c) Resistance in winding (d) None of these
106. A coil of inductance 300 mH and resistance 2 is connected to a 8. The pointer of a dead-beat galvanometer gives a steady deflection
source of voltage 2 V . The current reaches half of its steady state because [MP PMT 1994]
value in [AIEEE 2005] (a) Eddy currents are produced in the conducting frame over
(a) 0.15 s (b) 0.3 s which the coil is wound
(c) 0.05 s (d) 0.1 s (b) Its magnet is very strong
107. A coil having an inductance of 0.5 H carries a current which is (c) Its pointer is very light
uniformly varying from zero to 10 ampere in 2 second. The e.m.f. (in (d) Its frame is made of abonite
volts) generated in the coil is
9. The device that does not work on the principle of mutual induction
[Kerala PET 2005] is [KCET 1994]
(a) 10 (b) 5 (a) Induction coil (b) Motor
(c) 2.5 (d) 1.25 (c) Tesla coil (d) Transformer
108. The square root of the product of inductance and capacitance has 10. Eddy currents are produced when
the dimension of [KCET 2005] [CBSE PMT 1993; AFMC 2002]
(a) Length (b) Mass (a) A metal is kept in varying magnetic field
 1316 Electromagnetic Induction
(b) A metal is kept in the steady magnetic field (a) Motor has acquired maximum speed
(c) A circular coil is placed in a magnetic field (b) Motor has acquired intermediate speed
(d) Through a circular coil, current is passed (c) Motor has just started moving
11. If rotational velocity of a dynamo armature is doubled, then induced (d) Motor is switched off
e.m.f. will become [MP PMT 1991; AIIMS 2000] 21. The armature of dc motor has 20  resistance. It draws current of
(a) Half (b) Two times 1.5 ampere when run by 220 volts dc supply. The value of back e.m.f.
induced in it will be [MP PMT 1999]
(c) Four times (d) Unchanged
(a) 150 V (b) 170 V
12. Dynamo is a device for converting
(c) 180 V (d) 190 V
(a) Electrical energy into mechanical energy
22. In an induction coil, the secondary e.m.f. is [KCET 1994]
(b) Mechanical energy into electrical energy
(a) Zero during break of the circuit
(c) Chemical energy into mechanical energy
(b) Very high during make of the circuit
(d) Mechanical energy into chemical energy
(c) Zero during make of the circuit
13. The working of dynamo is based on principle of
(d) Very high during break of the circuit
[CPMT 1984]
(a) Electromagnetic induction 23. The number of turns in the coil of an ac generator is 5000 and the
(b) Conversion of energy into electricity area of the coil is 0.25 m 2 . The coil is rotated at the rate of 100
(c) Magnetic effects of current cycles/sec in a magnetic field of 0.2 W / m 2 . The peak value of the
(d) Heating effects of current emf generated is nearly [AMU 1995]

14. Choke coil works on the principle of [MP PET/PMT 1988] (a) 786 kV (b) 440 kV
(a) Transient current (b) Self induction (c) 220 kV (d) 157.1 kV
(c) Mutual induction (d) Wattless current 24. In a dc motor, induced e.m.f. will be maximum
15. When the speed of a dc motor increases the armature current [CPMT 1984, 85; MP PMT 2004] [RPMT 1997]

(a) Increases (a) When motor takes maximum speed

(b) When motor starts rotating
(b) Decreases

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(c) When speed of motor increases
(c) Does not change
(d) When motor is switched off
(d) Increases and decreases continuously
25. Work of electric motor is [RPMT 1997]
16. The output of a dynamo using a splitting commutator is
(a) To convert ac into dc
(a) dc
(b) To convert dc into ac
(b) ac
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(c) Fluctuating dc
(d) Half-wave rectified voltage (d) To convert ac into mechanical work
17. Which of the following statement is incorrect 26. In an induction coil with resistance, the induced emf will be
maximum when [RPMT 1996]
(a) Both ac and dc dynamo have a field magnet
(a) The switch is put on due to high resistance
(b) Both ac and dc dynamo have an armature
(b) The switch is put off due to high resistance
(c) Both ac and dc dynamo convert mechanical energy into
electrical energy (c) The switch is put on due to low resistance
(d) Both ac and dc dynamo have slip rings (d) The switch is put off due to low resistance
18. The coil of dynamo is rotating in a magnetic field. The developed 27. An electric motor operating on a 60 V dc supply draws a current of
induced e.m.f. changes and the number of magnetic lines of force 10 A. If the efficiency of the motor is 50%, the resistance of its
also changes. Which of the following condition is correct [MP PET 1993]
winding is [AMU (Engg.) 2001]
(a) Lines of force minimum but induced e.m.f. is zero
(a) 3 (b) 6 
(b) Lines of force maximum but induced e.m.f. is zero
(c) Lines of force maximum but induced e.m.f. is not zero (c) 15  (d) 30 
(d) Lines of force maximum but induced e.m.f. is also maximum 28. A device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is [KCET

19. Dynamo core is laminated because [MP PET 1995]

(a) Dynamo (b) generator
(a) Magnetic field increases (c) Electric motor (d) Induction coil

(b) Magnetic saturation level in core increases 29. An electric motor operates on a 50 volt supply and a current of 12A.
If the efficiency of the motor is 30%, what is the resistance of the
(c) Residual magnetism in core decreases winding of the motor [Kerala PET 2002]
(d) Loss of energy in core due to eddy currents decreases (a) 6 (b) 4 
20. Armature current in dc motor will be maximum when
(c) 2.9  (d) 3.1
[CPMT 1986, 88; MP PET 1995]
 Electromagnetic Induction 1317

30. A motor having an armature of resistance 2 is designed to 2

operate at 220 V mains. At full speed, it develops a back e.m.f. of (c) P (d) P
5
210V. When the motor is running at full speed, the current in the
armature is [UPSEAT 2002] 39. The primary winding of a transformer has 100 turns and its
(a) 5A (b) 105A secondary winding has 200 turns. The primary is connected to an ac
supply of 120 V and the current flowing in it is 10 A. The voltage
(c) 110A (d) 215A
and the current in the secondary are
31. Fan is based on [AFMC 2003]
[MP PMT 1991; DPMT 2004]
(a) Electric Motor (b) Electric dynamo
(a) 240 V, 5 A (b) 240 V, 10 A
(c) Both (d) None of these
32. A transformer is employed to (c) 60 V, 20 A (d) 120 V, 20 A
[MP PET 1985; MP PMT 1993; RPET 1999] 40. A step-down transformer is connected to 2400 volts line and 80
(a) Obtain a suitable dc voltage amperes of current is found to flow in output load. The ratio of the
(b) Convert dc into ac turns in primary and secondary coil is 20 : 1. If transformer
efficiency is 100%, then the current flowing in primary coil will be [MP PM
(c) Obtain a suitable ac voltage
(a) 1600 A (b) 20 A
(d) Convert ac into dc
(c) 4 A (d) 1.5 A
33. What is increased in step-down transformer
41. A loss free transformer has 500 turns on its primary winding and
[MP PMT/PET 1998; CPMT 1999]
2500 in secondary. The meters of the secondary indicate 200 volts at
(a) Voltage (b) Current 8 amperes under these conditions. The voltage and current in the
primary is [MP PMT 1996]
(c) Power (d) Current density
(a) 100 V, 16 A (b) 40 V, 40 A
34. The core of a transformer is laminated so that
(c) 160 V, 10 A (d) 80 V, 20 A
[CPMT 1985; MP PMT 1994, 2000, 02, 03; BHU 1999] 42. An ideal transformer has 100 turns in the primary and 250 turns in
(a) Ratio of voltage in the primary and secondary may be increased the secondary. The peak value of the ac is 28 V. The r.m.s.
secondary voltage is nearest to [MP PMT 1992]
(b) Rusting of the core may be stopped
(a) 50 V (b) 70 V

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(c) Energy losses due to eddy currents may be reduced (c) 100 V (d) 40 V
(d) Change in flux is increased 43. A transformer is employed to reduce 220 V to 11 V. The primary
35. In transformer, core is made of soft iron to reduce draws a current of 5 A and the secondary 90 A. The efficiency of
the transformer is [MP PMT 1992, 2001, 04]
[AIIMS 1998; UPSEAT 2001; AFMC 2005]
(a) 20% (b) 40%
(a) Hysteresis losses
(c) 70% (d) 90%
(b) Eddy current losses
44. In a step-up transformer, the turn ratio is 1 : 2. A Leclanche cell
(c) Force opposing electric current (e.m.f. 1.5V) is connected across the primary. The voltage developed
in the secondary would be
(d) None of the above
[MP PET 1992, 99; AIIMS 2000; MP PMT 2000; RPET 2001]
36. The transformation ratio in the step-up transformer is
(a) 3.0 V (b) 0.75 V
(a) 1 (c) 1.5 V (d) Zero
(b) Greater than one 45. The alternating voltage induced in the secondary coil of a
(c) Less than one transformer is mainly due to [MP PET 1992; MP PMT 1996]
(a) A varying electric field
(d) The ratio greater or less than one depends on the other factors
(b) A varying magnetic field
37. In a transformer 220 ac voltage is increased to 2200 volts. If the
(c) The vibrations of the primary coil
number of turns in the secondary are 2000, then the number of
turns in the primary will be [MP PET/PMT 1988] (d) The iron core of the transformer
46. We can reduce eddy currents in the core of transformer
(a) 200 (b) 100
[MP PET 1993]
(c) 50 (d) 20
(a) By increasing the number of turns in secondary coil
38. The ratio of secondary to the primary turns in a transformer is 3 : 2. (b) By taking laminated core
If the power output be P, then the input power neglecting all loses
must be equal to (c) By making step-down transformer

[MP PMT 1984; KCET 2003]

(d) By using a weak ac at high potential
47. A 100% efficient transformer has 100 turns in the primary and 25
(a) 5 P (b) 1.5 P
turns in its secondary coil. If the current in the secondary coil is 4
amp, then the current in the primary coil is
 1318 Electromagnetic Induction
(a) 1 amp (b) 4 amp (c) 25 A (d) 12.5 A
(c) 8 amp (d) 16 amp 57. The number of turns in the primary coil of a transformer is 200 and
48. The efficiency of transformer is very high because the number of turns in the secondary coil is 10. If 240 volt AC is
applied to the primary, the output from the secondary will be [BHU 1997; JIPMER 2000]
[MP PET 1994]
(a) There is no moving part in a transformer (a) 48 V (b) 24 V
(b) It produces very high voltage (c) 12 V (d) 6 V
(c) It produces very low voltage 58. The primary winding of transformer has 500 turns whereas its
(d) None of the above secondary has 5000 turns. The primary is connected to an ac supply
49. In a lossless transformer an alternating current of 2 amp is flowing of 20 V, 50 Hz. The secondary will have an output of [CBSE PMT 1997; AIIMS 1999]
in the primary coil. The number of turns in the primary and (a) 200 V, 50 Hz (b) 2 V, 50 Hz
secondary coils are 100 and 20 respectively. The value of the current
in the secondary coil is (c) 200 V, 500 Hz (d) 2 V, 5 Hz
[MP PMT 1994] 59. A step-up transformer has transformation ratio of 3 : 2. What is the
(a) 0.08 A (b) 0.4 A voltage in secondary if voltage in primary is 30 V [BHU 1
(c) 5 A (d) 10 A (a) 45 V (b) 15 V
50. A transformer connected to 220 volt line shows an output of 2 A at (c) 90 V (d) 300 V
11000 volt. The efficiency is 100%. The current drawn from the line is [MP PMT 1995]
60. In a transformer, the number of turns in primary coil and secondary
(a) 100 A (b) 200 A
coil are 5 and 4 respectively. If 240 V is applied on the primary coil,
(c) 22 A (d) 11 A then the ratio of current in primary and secondary coil is [AFMC 1998; CPMT 2000; Pb. PET 2002]
51. The coils of a step down transformer have 500 and 5000 turns. In (a) 4 : 5 (b) 5 : 4
the primary coil an ac of 4 ampere at 2200 volts is sent. The value
of the current and potential difference in the secondary coil will be (c) 5 :[MP
9 PET 1996] (d) 9 : 5
(a) 20 A, 220 V (b) 0.4 A, 22000 V 61. A step-down transformer is connected to main supply 200V to
(c) 40 A, 220 V (d) 40 A, 22000 V operate a 6V, 30W bulb. The current in primary is

52. A power transformer is used to step up an alternating e.m.f. of 220 [AMU (Engg.) 1999]
V to 11 kV to transmit 4.4 kW of power. If the primary coil has 1000 (a) 3 A (b) 1.5 A

(a) 4 A
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turns, what is the current rating of the secondary ? Assume 100%
efficiency for the transformer

(c) 0.04 A
(b) 0.4 A
(d) 0.2 A
[MP PET 1997] 62.
(c) 0.3 A (d) 0.15 A
The number of turns in primary and secondary coils of a
transformer are 100 and 20 respectively. If an alternating potential of
200 volt is applied to the primary, the induced potential in
secondary will be [RPET 1999]
53. A step up transformer connected to a 220 V AC line is to supply 22 (a) 10 V (b) 40 V
kV for a neon sign in secondary circuit. In primary circuit a fuse
wire is connected which is to blow when the current in the (c) 1000 V (d) 20,000 V
secondary circuit exceeds 10 mA. The turn ratio of the transformer is
63. The ratio of secondary to primary turns is 9 : 4. If power input is
[MP PET 1997]
P, what will be the ratio of power output (neglect all losses) to
(a) 50 (b) 100 power input [DCE 1999]
(c) 150 (d) 200 (a) 4 : 9 (b) 9 : 4
54. In a transformer the primary has 500 turns and secondary has 50
(c) 5 : 4 (d) 1 : 1
turns. 100 volts are applied to the primary coil, the voltage
developed in the secondary will be[MP PMT 1997] 64. Voltage in the secondary coil of a transformer does not depend
upon. [BHU 2000]
(a) 1 V (b) 10 V
(a) Voltage in the primary coil
(c) 1000 V (d) 10000 V
(b) Ratio of number of turns in the two coils
55. A transformer is used to [MP PET 1999]
(c) Frequency of the source
(a) Change the alternating potential (d) Both (a) and (b)
(b) Change the alternating current 65. A transformer has turn ratio 100/1. If secondary coil has 4 amp
(c) To prevent the power loss in alternating current flow current then current in primary coil is [RPET 2000]
(a) 4 A (b) 0.04 A
(d) To increase the power of current source
(c) 0.4 A (d) 400 A
56. A step-up transformer operates on a 230 V line and supplies a load
66. In a step-up transformer the turn ratio is 1:10. A resistance of 200
of 2 ampere. The ratio of the primary and secondary windings is 1 : ohm connected across the secondary is drawing a current of 0.5 A.
25. The current in the primary is What is the primary voltage and current
[CBSE PMT 1998] [MP PET 2000]
(a) 15 A (b) 50 A (a) 50 V, 1 amp (b) 10 V, 5 amp
(c) 25 V, 4 amp (d) 20 V, 2 amp
 Electromagnetic Induction 1319
67. Large transformers, when used for some time, become hot and are a diameter of the coil. If the coil rotates at 200 rpm the amplitude
cooled by circulating oil. The heating of transformer is due to [MP PET 2001]
of the alternating current induced in the coil is [CBSE
(a) Heating effect of current alone (a) 4 mA 2
(b) 30 mA
(b) Hysteresis loss alone (c) 6 mA (d) 200 mA
(c) Both the hysteresis loss and heating effect of current
78. In a transformer, the number of turns in primary and secondary are
(d) None of the above 500 and 2000 respectively. If current in primary is 48 A, the current
68. In a step-up transformer the voltage in the primary is 220 V and the in the secondary is
current is 5A. The secondary voltage is found to be 22000 V. The [Orissa PMT 2004]
current in the secondary (neglect losses) is
(a) 12 A (b) 24 A
[Kerala PMT 2002]
(a) 5 A (b) 50 A (c) 48 A (d) 144 A
(c) 500 A (d) 0.05 A 79. In an inductor of inductance L = 100 mH, a current of I  10 A is
flowing. The energy stored in the inductor is
69. In a transformer, number of turns in the primary are 140 and that in
the secondary are 280. If current in primary is 4 A then that in the [Orissa PMT 2004]
secondary is [AIEEE 2002] (a) 5 J (b) 10 J
(a) 4 A (b) 2 A (c) 100 J (d) 1000 J
(c) 6 A (d) 10 A
80. The turn ratio of a transformers is given as 2 : 3. If the current
70. A transformer has 100 turns in the primary coil and carries 8 A through the primary coil is 3 A, thus calculate the current through
current. If input power is one kilowatt, the number of turns load resistance [BHU 2005]
required in the secondary coil to have 500V output will be
(a) 1 A (b) 4.5 A
[MP PET 2002]
(c) 2 A (d) 1. 5 A
(a) 100 (b) 200
(c) 400 (d) 300 81. Core of transformer is made up of [AFMC 2005]

71. An ideal transformer has 500 and 5000 turn in primary and (a) Soft iron (b) Steel
secondary windings respectively. If the primary voltage is connected (c) Iron (d) Alnico
to a 6V battery then the secondary voltage is 82. The induction coil works on the principle of [KCET 2005]
[Orissa JEE 2003]
(a) Self-induction (b) Mutual induction
(a) 0 (b) 60 V
(c) Ampere's rule (d) Fleming's right hand rule

72.
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(c) 0.6 V (d) 6.0 V
In a primary coil 5A current is flowing on 220 volts. In the
secondary coil 2200V voltage produces. Then ratio of number of
turns in secondary coil and primary coil will be
[RPET 2003]
83. A transformer with efficiency 80% works at 4 kW and 100 V. If the
secondary voltage is 200 V, then the primary and secondary currents
are respectively
(a) 40 A, 16 A
[Kerala PMT 2005]
(b) 16 A, 40 A
(a) 1 : 10 (b) 10 : 1 (c) 20 A, 40 A (d) 40 A, 20 A
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 11 : 1 84. In a step up transformer, if ratio of turns of primary to secondary is
73. A step up transformer has transformation ration 5 : 3. What is 1 : 10 and primary voltage is 230 V. If the load current is 2A, then
voltage in secondary if voltage in primary is 60 V the current in primary is
[Pb. PET 2000] [Orissa PMT 2005]
(a) 20 V (b) 60 V (a) 20 A (b) 10 A
(c) 100 V (d) 180 V (c) 2 A (d) 1 A
74. In a step up transformer, 220 V is converted into 200 V. The 85. If a coil made of conducting wires is rotated between poles pieces of
number of turns in primary coil is 600. What is the number of the permanent magnet. The motion will generate a current and this
turns in the secondary coil [DCE 2004] device is called [CPMT 2005]
(a) 60 (b) 600 (a) An electric motor (b) An electric generator
(c) 6000 (d) 100 (c) An electromagnet (d) All of above
75. The output voltage of a transformer connected to 220 volt line is
86. A step-down transformer is used on a 1000 V line to deliver 20 A at
1100 volt at 1 amp current. Its efficiency is 100%. The current coming 120 V at the secondary coil. If the efficiency of the transformer is
from the line is [Pb. PET 2003] 80% the current drawn from the line is .
(a) 20 A (b) 10 A [Kerala PET 2005]
(c) 11 A (d) 22 A (a) 3 A (b) 30 A
76. Quantity that remains unchanged in a transformer is (c) 0.3 A (d) 2.4 A
[MP PMT/PET 1998; AIIMS 1999; J & K CET 2005]
(a) Voltage (b) Current
(c) Frequency (d) None of the above
77. In a region of uniform magnetic induction B  10 2 tesla , a
circular coil of radius 30 cm and resistance  ohm is rotated about
2

an axis which is perpendicular to the direction of B and which forms

 1320 Electromagnetic Induction
1. An electron moves along the line AB, which lies in the same plane as
a circular loop of conducting wires as shown in the diagram. What (a) Zero
will be the direction of current induced if any, in the loop
(b) BR 2 / 2 and M is at higher potential
[MP PET 1989; AIIMS 1982, 2001; KCET 2003;
UPSEAT 2005] (c) RBV and Q is at higher potential
(d) 2RBV and Q is at higher potential
7. At a place the value of horizontal component of the earth's magnetic
field H is 3  10 5 W eber / m 2 . A metallic rod AB of length 2 m
A B placed in east-west direction, having the end A towards east, falls
vertically downward with a constant velocity of 50 m/s. Which end
(a) No current will be induced of the rod becomes positively charged and what is the value of
(b) The current will be clockwise induced potential difference between the two ends [MP PET 1996]
(c) The current will be anticlockwise
(a) End A, 3  10 3 mV (b) End A, 3 mV
(d) The current will change direction as the electron passes by
3
2. A copper rod of length l is rotated about one end perpendicular to (c) End B, 3  10 mV (d) End B, 3 mV
the magnetic field B with constant angular velocity  . The induced
e.m.f. between the two ends is 8. Consider the situation shown in the figure. The wire AB is sliding on
[MP PMT 1992; Orissa JEE 2003]
the fixed rails with a constant velocity. If the wire AB is replaced by
semicircular wire, the magnitude of the induced current will [MP PM
1 3
(a) B l 2 (b) B l 2 (a) Increase
A
2 4
(b) Remain the same × × × × ×
(c) Bl 2 (d) 2 Bl 2 (c) Decrease × × × × ×
3. Two different coils have self-inductance L1  8 mH, L 2  2mH . (d) Increase or decrease V
The current in one coil is increased at a constant rate. The current depending on whether × × × × ×
in the second coil is also increased at the same rate. At a certain the semicircle bulges
instant of time, the power given to the two coils is the same. At that towards the resistance or × × × × ×
time the current, the induced voltage and the energy stored in the away from it B
first coil are i1 , V1 and W1 respectively. Corresponding values for 9. A circular loop of radius R
carrying current I lies in x-y plane with its centre at origin. The total
the second coil at the same instant are i2 , V2 and W 2 respectively.

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magnetic flux through x-y plane is [IIT-JEE 1999]
Then [IIT JEE 1994]
(a) Directly proportional to I
i1 1 i1 (b) Directly proportional to R
(a)  (b) 48
i2 4 i2
(c) Directly proportional to R 2
W2 V2 1 (d) Zero
(c) 4 (d) 
W1 V1 4 10. Two identical circular loops of metal wire are lying on a table
without touching each other. Loop-A carries a current which
4. An e.m.f. of 15 volt is applied in a circuit containing 5 henry increases with time. In response, the loop-B
inductance and 10 ohm resistance. The ratio of the currents at time
[IIT JEE 1999; UPSEAT 2003]
t   and at t = 1 second is [MP PMT 1994]
(a) Remains stationary
e1 / 2 e2 (b) Is attracted by the loop-A
(a) (b)
e1 / 2  1 e2  1 (c) Is repelled by the loop-A
(c) 1  e 1 (d) e 1 (d) Rotates about its CM, with CM fixed
5. Two conducting circular loops of radii R1 and R 2 are placed in (CM is the centre of mass)
the same plane with their centres coinciding. If R1  R 2 , the 11. Two coils have a mutual inductance 0.005 H. The current changes in
mutual inductance M between them will be directly proportional to [MP PMT 1994;the coil according to equation I  I0 sin t , where
first2001]
MP PET
I0  10 A and  = 100  radian/sec. The maximum value of e.m.f.
(a) R1 / R 2 (b) R 2 / R1
in the second coil is
(c) R12 / R 2 (d) R 22 / R1 [CBSE PMT 1998; Pb. PMT 2000]
6. A thin semicircular conducting ring of radius R is falling with its (a) 2 (b) 5
plane vertical in a horizontal magnetic induction B. At the position
MNQ, the speed of the ring is V and the potential difference (c)  (d) 4
developed across the ring is [IIT JEE 1996] 12. A small square loop of wire of side l is placed inside a large square
loop of wire of side L (L > l). The loop are coplanar and their centre

    
coincide. The mutual inductance of the system is proportional to [IIT JE
B N 2
    (a) l / L (b) l / L
     (c) L/l (d) L2 / l
V
    
M Q
 Electromagnetic Induction 1321
13. A wire of length 1 m is moving at a speed of 2ms perpendicular to
–1
(a) 0.5 amp/sec (b) 2.0 amp/sec
its length and a homogeneous magnetic field of 0.5 T. The ends of (c) 2.5 amp/sec (d) 0.25 amp/sec
the wire are joined to a circuit of resistance 6 . The rate at which 20. As shown in the figure, P and Q are two coaxial conducting loops
work is being done to keep the wire moving at constant speed is [Roorkee 1999] separated by some distance. When the switch S is closed, a clockwise
1 1 current I P flows in P (as seen by E) and an induced current IQ1
(a) W (b) W
12 6 flows in Q. The switch remains closed for a long time. When S is
opened, a current IQ 2 flows in Q. Then the directions of IQ1 and
1
(c) W (d) 1W
3 IQ 2 (as seen by E) are [IIT JEE (Screening) 2002]
14. A uniform but time-varying magnetic field B(t) exists in a circular P Q
region of radius a and is directed into the plane of the paper, as
shown. The magnitude of the induced electric field at point P at a
distance r from the centre of the circular region [IIT-JEE (Screening) 2000]
(a) Is zero  E

B(t)   P
1   
(b) Decreases as   r
r   
 
s
(c) Increases as r     Battery
 (a) Respectively clockwise and anticlockwise
  
1 a  (b) Both clockwise
(d) Decreases as 2 
 

r (c) Both anticlockwise
15. A coil of wire having finite inductance and resistance has a (d) Respectively anticlockwise and clockwise
conducting ring placed coaxially within it. The coil is connected to a
21. A short-circuited coil is placed in a time-varying magnetic field.
battery at time t = 0, so that a time-dependent current I1 (t) starts
Electrical power is dissipated due to the current induced in the coil.
flowing through the coil. If I 2 (t) is the current induced in the ring. If the number of turns were to be quadrupled and the wire radius
and B(t) is the magnetic field at the axis of the coil due to I1 (t), halved, the electrical power dissipated would be [IIT-JEE (Screening
then as a function of time (t > 0), the product I (t) B(t)
2 (a) Halved (b) The same
[IIT-JEE (Screening) 2000]
(c) Doubled (d) Quadrupled
(a) Increases with time (b) Decreases with time
(c) Does not vary with time (d) Passes through a maximum 22. A physicist works in a laboratory where the magnetic field is 2 T.
She wears a necklace enclosing area 0.01 m in such a way that the

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2

16. Two circular coils can be arranged in any of the three situations shown in
the figure. Their mutual inductance will be plane of the necklace is normal to the field and is having a resistance
[IIT JEE (Screening) 2001] R = 0.01 . Because of power failure, the field decays to 1 T in time
10 seconds. Then what is the total heat produced in her necklace ?
–3

(T = Tesla)
[Orissa JEE 2002]
(a) 10 J (b) 20 J
(A) (B) (C) (c) 30 J (d) 40 J
(a) Maximum in situation (A) (b) Maximum in situation (B)
(c) Maximum in situation (C) (d) The same in all situations 23. A coil of inductance 8.4 mH and resistance 6  is connected to a 12
17. A metallic square loop ABCD is moving in its own plane with V battery. The current in the coil is 1.0 A at approximately the time
velocity v in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to its plane as [IIT-JEE (Screening) 1999; UPSEAT 2003]
shown in the figure. An electric field is induced [IIT JEE (Screening) 2001]
(a) 500 sec (b) 20 sec
     
(c) 35 milli sec (d) 1 milli sec
(a) In AD, but not in BC  A    B 
24. As shown in the figure a metal rod makes contact and complete the
(b) In BC, but not in AD       circuit. The circuit is perpendicular to the magnetic field with
(c) Neither in AD nor in BC      B  0.15 tesla. If the resistance is 3 Ω , force needed to move the
    C 
(d) In both AD and BC D rod as indicated with a constant speed of 2m / sec is [MP PE
     
18. A conducting rod of length 2l is rotating with constant angular      

speed  about its perpendicular bisector. A uniform magnetic field (a) 3.75  10 3 N      
B exists parallel to the axis of rotation. The e.m.f. induced between 50 cm
(b) 3.75  10 2 N      
two ends of the rod is v = 2m/s
[MP PET 2001] (c) 3.75  10 2 N      
(a) Bl 2

 
B (d) 3.75  10 4 N      
1 B = 0.15 T
(b) B l 2
25.      
Two identical coaxial circular loops carry current i each circulating
2
in the clockwise direction. If the loops are approaching each other,
1 then [MP PMT 1995, 96]
(c) B l 2
8 (a) Current in each loop increases
(d) Zero
(b) Current in each loop remains the same
19. An inductor of 2 henry and a resistance of 10 ohms are connected in
series with a battery of 5 volts. The initial rate of change of current (c) Current in each loop decreases
is [MP PMT 2001] (d) Current in one-loop increases and in the other it decreases
 1322 Electromagnetic Induction
26. In the following figure, the magnet is moved towards the coil with a into the paper. A capacitor of capacity C = 10 F is connected as
speed v and induced emf is e. If magnet and coil recede away from shown in figure. Then
one another each moving with speed v, the induced emf in the coil
will be × × × P ×

(a) e × × × × ×
A
(b) 2e B× × × ×
v ×
N S
(c) e/2 × × × × ×
v
(d) 4e Q
coil (a) q = + 80 C and q = – 80 C
A B

27. A current carrying solenoid is approaching a conducting loop as

shown in the figure. The direction of induced current as observed by (b) q = – 80 C and q = + 80 C
A B

an observer on the other side of the loop will be (c) q = 0 = q

A B

(d) Charge stored in the capacitor increases exponentially with

time
32. The resistance in the following circuit is increased at a particular
v instant. At this instant the value of resistance is 10. The current in
the circuit will be now
(a) Anticlockwise (b) Clockwise
Observer
10 mH
(c) East (d) West
28. A conducting wire frame is placed in a magnetic field which is
directed into the paper. The magnetic field is increasing at a i
constant rate. The directions of induced current in wires AB and CD
are
    C 
5V RH
(a) i = 0.5 A (b) i > 0.5 A
 A    
(c) i < 0.5 A (d) i = 0

33. Shown in the figure is a circular loop of radius r and resistance R. A
   
B
variable magnetic field of induction B  B0 e  t is established inside

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(a) B to A and D to C  (b) A to BDandC to D the coil. If the key (K) is closed, the electrical power developed right
after closing the switch is equal to
(c) A to B and D to C (d) B to A and C to D
B R
 
29. A square metallic wire loop of side 0.1 m and resistance of 1 is 
  
moved with a constant velocity in a magnetic field of 2 wb/m as 2


shown in figure. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of  
 K
the loop, loop is connected to a network of resistances. What should
be the velocity of loop so as to have a steady current of 1mA in loop B02r 2 B0 10 r 3
 (a) (b)
     B R R
     P B02 2r 4 R B02 2r 4
3 (c) (d)
     3 5 R
3
l v
     34. A conducting ring is placed around the core of an electromagnet as
     Q 3 shown in fig. When key K is pressed, the ring
3
    
(a) Remain stationary
(a) 1 cm/sec (b) 2 cm/sec Ring
(b) Is attracted towards the electromagnet
(c) 3 cm/sec (d) 4 cm/sec
(c) Jumps out of the core
30. A conductor ABOCD moves along its bisector with a velocity of 1 m/s
through a perpendicular magnetic field of 1 wb/m , as shown in fig. If all 2

(d) None of the above

the four sides are of 1m length each, then the induced emf between + –
points A and D is 35. The north and south poles of two identical magnets approach
V a Kcoil,
containing a condenser, with equal speeds from opposite sides. Then
× × B × × × A × ×
Rear side
× × × × × × ×
1
O 90o v S N S N
× × × × × × ×
v 2 v
× × × × × ×
(a) Plate 1 will be negative and plate 2 positive
Observer
C D Front side
(a) 0 (b) 1.41 volt (b) Plate 1 will be positive and plate 2 negative
(c) 0.71 volt (d) None of the above (c) Both the plates will be positive
31. A conducting rod PQ of length L = 1.0 m is moving with a uniform
(d) Both the plates will be negative
speed v = 2 m/s in a uniform magnetic field B  4 .0 T directed
 Electromagnetic Induction 1323
36. A highly conducting ring of radius R is perpendicular to and Bl 2
concentric with the axis of a long solenoid as shown in fig. The ring (a) VA  VO 
2 × × × × ×  ×
has a narrow gap of width d in its circumference. The solenoid has
7 B
cross sectional area A and a uniform internal field of magnitude B . O
(b) VO  VC  Bl 2
× × × × ×
0

A C
Now beginning at t = 0, the solenoid current is steadily increased to 2 × × × × × ×

so that the field magnitude at any time t is given by B(t) = B + t 0 (c) VA  VC  4 Bl 2 × × × × × ×
where   0 . Assuming that no charge can flow across the gap,
9
the end of ring which has excess of positive charge and the (d) VC  VO  Bl 2
2
magnitude of induced e.m.f. in the ring are respectively
41. How much length of a very thin wire is required to obtain a
(a) X, A solenoid of length l0 and inductance L
Area 
(b) X R  2

A B 2Ll0 4 Ll0
(a) (b)
(c) Y, A  2 0 02
X Y
(d) Y, R  2

d 4 Ll0 8Ll0
(c) (d)
37. Plane figures made of thin wires of resistance R = 50 milli 0 0
ohm/metre are located in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular 42. What is the mutual inductance of a two-loop system as shown with
into the plane of the figures and which decrease at the rate dB/dt = centre separation l
0.1 m T/s. Then currents in the inner and outer boundary are. (The
inner radius a = 10 cm and outer radius b = 20 cm) 0a 4
(a)
       8l 3
b 1 2
      0a 4 a a
(b)
   a    4l 3
      l >>a
0a 4
 D   C   (c)
6l 3
(a) 10 A (Clockwise), 2  10 A (Clockwise)
–4 –4

0a 4
(b) 10 A (Anticlockwise), 2  10 A (Clockwise)
–4 –4 (d)
2l 3

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(c) 2  10 A (clockwise), 10 A (Anticlockwise) 43. The figure shows three circuits with identical batteries, inductors,
–4 –4

and resistors. Rank the circuits according to the current through the
(d) 2  10 A (Anticlockwise), 10 A (Anticlockwise)
–4 –4

battery (i) just after the switch is closed and (ii) a long time later,
38. A rectangular loop with a sliding connector of length l = 1.0 m is greatest first
situated in a uniform magnetic field B = 2T perpendicular to the
plane of loop. Resistance of connector is r = 2. Two resistance of
6 and 3 are connected as shown in figure. The external force
required to keep the connector moving with a constant velocity v =
2m/s is
(a) 6 N 
 B i2  i3  i1 (i1  0) (ii)
(b) 4 N (a) (i) (1) (2) i2  i3  i1 (3)

(c) 2 N 6 v
3 (b) (i) i2  i3  i1 (i1  0) (ii) i2  i3  i1

(d) 1 N (c) (i) i2  i3  i1 (i1  0) (ii) i2  i3  i1

39. A wire cd of length l and mass m is sliding without friction on (d) (i) i2  i3  i1 (i1  0) (ii) i2  i3  i1
conducting rails ax and by as shown. The vertical rails are connected 44. The network shown in the figure is a part of a complete circuit. If at
to each other with a resistance R between a and b. A uniform a certain instant the current i is 5 A and is decreasing at the rate of
magnetic field B is applied perpendicular to the plane abcd such that
10 3 A / s then VA  VB is
cd moves with a constant velocity of
(a) 5 V
mgR
(a) R (b) 10 V
Bl A B
a b (c) 15 V 1 15 V 5mH
mgR (d) 20 V
(b)
B 2l2 c
l
d
45. A 50 volt potential difference is suddenly applied to a coil with
mgR L  5  10 3 henry and R  180 ohm . The rate of increase of
(c)
B 3l3 x y current after 0.001 second is [MP PET 1994]
mgR (a) 27.3 amp/sec (b) 27.8 amp/sec
(d) (c) 2.73 amp/sec (d) None of the above
B 2l
40. A conducting rod AC of length 4l is rotated about a point O in a 3
 46. The current in a LR circuit builds up to th of its steady state
4
uniform magnetic field B directed into the paper. AO = l and OC =
3l. Then value in 4 s . The time constant of this circuit is
[Roorkee 2000]
 1324 Electromagnetic Induction
1 2
(a) s (b) s
ln 2 ln 2
3 4
(c) s (d) s
ln 2 ln 2
47. A conducting ring of radius 1 meter is placed in an uniform
magnetic field B of 0.01Telsa oscillating with frequency 100Hz with
its plane at right angles to B. What will be the induced electric field [AIIMS 2005]
(a)  volt / m (b) 2 volt / m
(c) 10 volt / m (d) 62 volt / m
48. A simple pendulum with bob of mass m and conducting wire of
length L swings under gravity through an angle 2 . The earth’s
magnetic field component in the direction perpendicular to swing is
B. Maximum potential difference induced across the pendulum is [MP PET 2005]
 
(a) 2 BL sin (gL)1 / 2
2
 
(b) BL sin (gL)  L
2
 
(c) BL sin (gL)3 / 2
2 h
 
(d) BL sin (gL)2
2

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 Electromagnetic Induction 1327

e e

(a) (b)

1. The graph Shows the variation in magnetic flux  (t) with time t O
O [AMU (Engg.) 2001] t
through a coil. Which of the statements given below is not correct
e e
(t ) B
(c) (d)
O t
O t
E
A t C 6. Some magnetic flux is changed from a coil of resistance 10 ohm. As
(a) There is a change in the direction as well as magnitude of the
induced emf between B and D D a result an induced current is developed in it, which varies with time
as shown in figure. The magnitude of change in flux through the coil
(b) The magnitude of the induced emf is maximum between B and
C in webers is
(b) There is a change in the direction as well as magnitude of i (amp)
induced emf between A and C (a) 2
4
(d) The induced emf is zero at B (b) 4
2. The variation of induced emf (E) with time (t) in a coil if a (c) 6
short bar magnet is moved along its axis with a constant velocity is
best represented as [IIT-JEE (Screening) 2004] (d) None of these
t (sec)
7. The graph gives the magnitude B(t) of a uniform
0.1 magnetic field that
S N exists throughout a conducting loop, perpendicular to the plane of
E E the loop. Rank the five regions of the graph according to the
magnitude of the emf induced in the loop, greatest first
(a) (b)
(a) b > (d = e) < (a = c)

(c)
E www.eduaid.co.in t

(d)
E
t

8.
(b) b > (d = e) > (a = c)
(c) b < d < e < c < a
(d) b > (a = c) > (d = e)
Figure (i) shows a conducting loop
a being
B

b pulled
c outd of a magnetic
e
t
field with a speed v. Which of the four plots shown in figure (ii)
may represent the power delivered by the pulling agent as a
t t
3. The current through a 4.6 H inductor is shown in the following function of the speed v
graph. The induced emf during the time interval t = 5 milli-sec to 6
milli-sec will be × × × × P d
(a) a c
(a) 10 V 3

i (Amp) × × × × v a
(b) b
(b) – 23 10 V 3

7
A
(c) c × × × × b

(c) 23  10 V 3

5
B (d) d × × × ×
(i) v
(d) Zero C 9. A rectangular× loop
× is
× being
× pulled at a constant (ii)
speed v, through a
0 2 5 6 t (milli sec) region of certain thickness d, in which a uniform magnetic field B is
4. An alternating current of frequency 200 rad/sec and peak value 1A
as shown in the figure, is applied to the primary of a transformer. If set up. The graph between position x of the right hand edge of the
the coefficient of mutual induction between the primary and the loop and the induced emf E will be
secondary is 1.5 H, the voltage induced in the secondary will be
d
(a) 300 V × × × × × ×
x
(b) 191 V × × × B × ×
+1 v
(c) 220 V × × × × ×

(d) 471 V O × × × × × ×
t E E
5. A horizontal loop abcd is moved across the pole pieces of a magnet (a) × × × ×(b) × ×
–1
as shown in fig. with a constant speed v. When the edge ab of the
O x O x
loop enters the pole pieces at time t = 0 sec. Which one of the
following graphs represents correctly the induced emf in the coil

c b N E E
v
(c) (d)
d a
O x O x
S
 1328 Electromagnetic Induction

10. The current i in an inductance coil varies with time, t according to (c) Y (d) Y
the graph shown in fig. Which one of the following plots shows the
variation of voltage in the coil with time [CBSE PMT 1994]
e e
i

O X O X
14. The current 1i in an2 induction
t t
coil varies with 1time t2 according to the
graph shown
i
E O E
t
(a) + (b) +

t
–
O t O t
E E in figure. Which of the following graphs shows the induced
emf (e) in the coil with time
(c) + (d) + E E
(a) (b)
t – t
–
11. When a battery is connected across a series combination of self
inductance L and resistance R, the variation in the current i with
time t is best represented by [MP PET 2004] O t O t
i i (c) E (d) E
(a) (b)

O t

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t O t
i i t
(c) (d) 15. In an L–R circuit connected to a battery the rate at which energy is
stored in the inductor is plotted against time during the growth of
the current in the circuit. Which of the following best represents the
resulting curve
Rate Rate
t t (a) (b)
12. When a certain circuit consisting of a constant e.m.f. E an
inductance L and a resistance R is closed, the current in, it increases
with time according to curve 1. After one parameter (E, L or R) is
changed, the increase in current follows curve 2 when the circuit is
closed second time. Which parameter was changed and in what
direction (c) Rate Time (d) Rate Time
(a) L is increased i
(b) L is decreased
(c) R is increased 1
2
(d) R is decreased
13. t a uniform
A flexible wire bent in the form of a circle is placed in Time Time
magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the coil. The radius of 16. Switch S of the circuit shown in figure. is closed at t = 0. If e
the coil changes as shown in figure. The graph of induced emf in the denotes the induced
coil is represented by
E
Y + –
S

R L
O X
Y t(s)
(a) (b) Y emf in L and i, the current flowing through the circuit at time
t, which of the following graphs is correct
e e
e i

O X O X
1 2 t 1 2 t

O t O t
 Electromagnetic Induction 1329
(a) (b) IV.

(c) e (d) i

e.m.f.

e.m.f.
O t O t (a) (b)
t t
17. For previous objective, which of the following graphs is correct

(a) e (b) e

e.m.f.

e.m.f.
(c) (d)
t t

O i O i
(c) e (d) e

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of
the options given below:
18. O
A square O
loop of side 5 cmi enters a magnetic i .
field with 1 cms -1
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct
The front edge enters the magnetic field at t = 0 then which explanation of the assertion.
graph best depicts emf (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of the assertion.
5 cm (c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
× × × × × ×
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.

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× × × × × × B=0.6T (e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
× × × × × × 1. Assertion : Eddy currents is produced in any metallic
20 cm conductor when magnetic flux is changed around it.
V Reason : Electric potential determines the flow of charge. [AIIMS 1995]
2. Assertion : The quantity L/R possesses dimensions of time.
(a) Reason : To reduce the rate of increases of current through a
3×10–4

solenoid should increase the time constant (L/R). [AIIMS 2002]

3. Assertion : Faraday’s laws are consequences of conservation of
t(s) energy.
0 5 15 20
Reason : In a purely resistive ac circuit, the current lags
V behind the e.m.f. in phase. [AIIMS 2002]
4. Assertion : Only a change in magnetic flux will maintain an
3×10–4

induced current the coil.

(b) Reason : The presence of large magnetic flux through a coil
20 maintains a current in the coil if the circuit is
t(s)
0 5 15 continuous. [AIIMS 1999]
5. Assertion : Magnetic flux can produce induced e.m.f.
V Reason : Faraday established induced e.m.f. experimentally.
6. Assertion : The induced e.m.f. and current will be same in two
3×10–4

(c) identical loops of copper and aluminium, when

rotated with same speed in the same magnetic field.
5 Reason : Induced e.m.f. is proportional to rate of change of
t(s)
0 15 20 magnetic field while induced current depends on
resistance of wire.
7. Assertion : Inductance coil are made of copper.
V Reason : Induced current is more in wire having less
resistance.
3×10–4

8. Assertion : Self-inductance is called the inertia of electricity.

(d) Reason : Self-inductance is the phenomenon, according to
15 20 which an opposing induced e.m.f. is produced in a
t(s)
0 5 coil as a result of change in current or magnetic flux
linked in the coil.
9. Assertion : When two coils are wound on each other, the
19. A magnet is made to oscillate with a particular frequency, passing mutual induction between the coils is maximum.
through a coil as shown in figure. The time variation of the Reason : Mutual induction does not depend on the
magnitude of e.m.f. generated across the coil during one cycle is orientation of the coils.
[AIIMS 2005]

S
N
 1330 Electromagnetic Induction
10. Assertion : Acceleration of a magnet falling through a long
solenoid decreases.
Reason : The induced current produced in a circuit always
flow in such direction that it opposes the change or
the cause the produced it.
11. Assertion : An aircraft flies along the meridian, the potential at the
ends of its wings will be the same.
Reason : Whenever there is change in the magnetic flux
e.m.f. induces.
12. Assertion : A spark occur between the poles of a switch when
the switch is opened.
Reason : Current flowing in the conductor produces
magnetic field.
13. Assertion : In the phenomenon of mutual induction, self
induction of each of the coils persists.
Reason : Self induction arises when strength of current in
same coil changes. In mutual induction, current is
changing in both the individual coils.
14. Assertion : Lenz’s law violates the principle of conservation of
energy.
Reason : Induced e.m.f., opposes always the change in
magnetic flux responsible for its production.
15. Assertion : The induced emf in a conducting loop of wire will
be non zero when it rotates in a uniform magnetic
field.
Reason : The emf is induced due to change in magnetic flux.
16. Assertion : An induced emf is generated when magnet is
withdrawn from the solenoid.
Reason : The relative motion between magnet and solenoid
induces emf.
17. Assertion : An artificial satellite with a metal surface is moving
above the earth in a circular orbit. A current will be
induced in satellite if the plane of the orbit is
inclined to the plane of the equator.
Reason : The current will be induced only when the speed of

18.

Reason
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Assertion
satellite is more than 8 km/sec.
: A bar magnet is dropped into a long vertical copper
tube. Even taking air resistance as negligible, the
magnet attains a constant terminal velocity. If the
tube is heated, the terminal velocity gets increased.
: The terminal velocity depends on eddy current
produced in bar magnet.
19. Assertion : A metal piece and a non-metal (stone) piece are
dropped from the same height near earth’s surface.
Both will reach the earth’s surface simultaneously.
Reason : There is no effect of earth’s magnetic field on freely
falling body.
20. Assertion : A transformer cannot work on dc supply.
Reason : dc changes neither in magnitude nor in direction.
21. Assertion : Soft iron is used as a core of transformer.
Reason : Area of hysteresis is loop for soft iron is small.
22. Assertion : An ac generator is based on the phenomenon of
self-induction.
Reason : In single coil, we consider self-induction only.
23. Assertion : An electric motor will maximum efficient when
back e.m.f. is equal to applied e.m.f.
Reason : Efficiency of electric motor is depends only on
magnitude of back e.m.f..
24. Assertion : The back emf in a dc motor is maximum when the
motor has just been switched on.
Reason : When motor is switched on it has maximum speed.
 Electromagnetic Induction 1331

96 c 97 a 98 c 99 d 100 d
101 b 102 c 103 b 104 a 105 c
106 d 107 c 108 c

Application of EMI (Motor, Dynamo, Transformer ...)

Faraday's and Lenz's Law
1 b 2 d 3 c 4 c 5 a
1 c 2 d 3 b 4 d 5 b
6 d 7 a 8 a 9 c 10 a
6 c 7 a 8 c 9 a 10 b
11 b 12 b 13 a 14 b 15 b
11 a 12 b 13 b 14 a 15 d
16 c 17 d 18 b 19 d 20 c
16 d 17 c 18 b 19 b 20 b
21 d 22 d 23 d 24 a 25 d
21 b 22 c 23 b 24 b 25 d
26 b 27 a 28 c 29 c 30 a
26 c 27 d 28 b 29 d 30 d
31 a 32 c 33 b 34 c 35 a
31 b 32 a 33 b 34 a 35 b
36 b 37 a 38 c 39 a 40 c
36 b 37 d 38 a 39 a 40 c
41 b 42 a 43 d 44 d 45 b
41 c 42 b 43 c 44 c 45 d
46 b 47 a 48 a 49 d 50 a
46 d 47 d 48 d 49 d 50 c
51 c 52 b 53 b 54 b 55 a
51 b 52 a 53 d 54 b 55 b
56 b 57 c 58 a 59 a 60 a
56 a 57 c 58 a 59 d 60 b
61 d 62 b 63 d 64 c 65 b
61 a 62 a 63 d 64 d 65 c
66 b 67 c 68 d 69 b 70 c
66 c 67 a 68 b
71 a 72 b 73 c 74 c 75 b
76 c 77 c 78 a 79 a 80 c
Motional EMI
81 a 82 b 83 a 84 a 85 b
1 a 2 b 3 d 4 c 5 b 86 a
6 b 7 b 8 c 9 d 10 d
11
16
21
26
b
c
d
a
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12
17
22
27
c
c
d
c
13
18
23
28
b
b
d
c
14
19
24
29
c
c
d
c
15
20
25
30
d
b
c
d
1
6
11
d
d
b
Critical Thinking Questions
2
7
12
a
b
b
3
8
13
acd
b
b
4
9
14
b
d
b
5
10
15
d
c
d
31 b 32 b 33 b 16 a 17 d 18 d 19 c 20 d
21 b 22 a 23 d 24 a 25 c
Static EMI 26 b 27 b 28 a 29 b 30 b
31 a 32 b 33 d 34 c 35 b
1 d 2 d 3 b 4 a 5 d 36 a 37 a 38 c 39 b 40 c
6 d 7 c 8 c 9 c 10 c 41 c 42 d 43 a 44 c 45 d
11 a 12 b 13 b 14 d 15 d 46 b 47 b 48 a
16 b 17 a 18 b 19 b 20 b
21 a 22 d 23 c 24 c 25 b Graphical Questions
26 c 27 b 28 c 29 c 30 d
1 d 2 a 3 c 4 b 5 d
31 b 32 a 33 b 34 c 35 d
6 a 7 b 8 b 9 b 10 c
36 a 37 a 38 c 39 c 40 a
41 d 42 a 43 a 44 b 45 b 11 b 12 a 13 b 14 c 15 a

46 abcd 47 c 48 b 49 d 50 c 16 c 17 d 18 c 19 a

51 c 52 b 53 a 54 a 55 a
56 a 57 a 58 d 59 a 60 b
Assertion and Reason
61 d 62 b 63 a 64 d 65 a 1 b 2 b 3 c 4 c 5 e
66 d 67 c 68 c 69 c 70 b
6 e 7 a 8 b 9 c 10 a
71 a 72 b 73 c 74 b 75 a
11 a 12 b 13 a 14 e 15 a
76 c 77 c 78 c 79 c 80 d
16 a 17 c 18 b 19 d 20 a
81 b 82 c 83 a 84 b 85 a
21 a 22 e 23 d 24 d
86 a 87 a 88 c 89 b 90 d
91 d 92 a 93 d 94 c 95 b
 1332 Electromagnetic Induction

11. (a)   BA  10 weber

12. (b) The magnitude of induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the
rate of change of magnetic flux. Induced charge doesn’t depend
upon time.
Faraday’s and Lenz’s Law 13. (b)
e  N d / dt  10  10 8  10 4  10 4  10
d
14. (a) I   =5A
1. (c) Because induced e.m.f. is given by E   N . R R 20
dt 15. (d) Induced charge doesn’t depend upon the speed of magnet.
2. (d) The energy of the field increases with the magnitude of the  B 
field. Lenz’s law infers that there is an opposite field created 16. (d) | e |  N  . A cos   500  1  (10  10 2 )2 cos 0  5 V.
 t 
due to increase or decrease of magnetic flux around a
conductor so as to hold the law of conservation of energy. 17. (c) When frequency is high, the galvanometer will not show
deflection.
d N (B 2  B1 ) A cos
3. (b) We know that e  18. (b) e  
dt t
dq dq d d
But e=iR and i   R  dq  500  (0  0 .1)  100  10 4 cos 0
dt dt dt R   5V
0.1
4. (d) Similar to Q.3 N (B 2  B1 ) A cos
19. (b) e  
5. (b) Because there is no change in flux linked with coil t
6. (c) As it is seen from the magnet side induced current will be
50(0 .35  0 .10)   (3  10 2 )2  cos 0 o
anticlockwise.   17.7 V .
2  10  3
S
B (4  1)
20. (b) | e |  A.  2 3V .
N t 2
NBA(cos  2  cos 1 )

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21. (b) e  
t
(cos 180  cos 0)
 2000  0.3  70  10  4
d  3 B0 A0 0.1
7. (a) e  
dt t  e  84 V
d 22. (c) The induced current will be in such a direction so that it
8. (c) e   16 t  3   67units opposes the change due to which it is produced.
dt
23. (b)
9. (a) Induced current in both the coils assist the main current so
24. (b)
current through each coil increases.
25. (d) According to Lenz’s law.
A B  B  (6  1)
26. (c) e  N  .A cos   100   (40  10  4 ) cos 0
 t  2
| e |  1 V
27. (d)
Observer
28. (b)
10. (b) When the magnet is allowed to fall vertically along the axis of 29. (d)
loop with its north pole towards the ring. The upper face of 30. (d) Emf induces in ring and it will opposes the motion. Hence due
the ring will become north pole in an attempt to oppose the to the resistance of the ring all energy dissipates.
approaching north pole of the magnet. Therefore the
acceleration in the magnet is less than g. 31. (b) Q 
NBA
cos 1  cos 2 
R
Note : If coil is broken at any point then induced emf will be
generated in it but no induced current will flow. In this 500  0.2  0.1cos 0  cos 180 
  0.4 C
condition the coil will not oppose the motion of magnet and 50
the magnet will fall freely with acceleration g. (i.e. a = g)
32. (a)   NBA cos   100  0.2  5  10 4 cos 60 o
S
 5  10 3 W b
N a=g
 Electromagnetic Induction 1333

 10  2  magnet then attains a constant final terminal velocity i.e.

33. (b) Q    4C magnet ultimately falls with zero acceleration in the tube.
R 2
53. (d) A B
34. (a)
35. (b) i

36. (b)    0 niA  4  10 7 

3000
1.5

 2   2  10  2 2

 6.31  10 6 W b Observer

If current through A increases, crosses (X) linked with coil B

37. (d) q  
N
B2  B1 A cos  increases, hence anticlockwise current induces in coil B. As
R
shown in figure both the current produces repulsive effect.
32  10 6  
100
0  B    6  10 3 2  cos 0 o (b) e  
d

d

5 t 3  100 t  300 
160  40  54.
dt dt
 B  0.565 T  (15 t 2  100) at t = 2sec ; e = 40 V
38. (a) Faraday’s laws involve conversion of mechanical energy into NBA cos 2  cos 1 
electric energy. This is in accordance with the law of 55. (b) By using e  
conservation of energy. t

39. (a) e

N (B 2  B1 ) A cos
e

1000  2  10 5  500  10 4 cos 180 o  cos 0 o 
t 0.2

 50  (0  2  10 2 )  100  10 4  cos 0 o  10 2 volt  10mV

 0.1  56. (a) Similar to Q. 52
t
57. (c)
 t  0.1sec .
N 58. (a) Induced charge Q  
N
2  1   1 60  10   0.5 C
40. (c) q d   q  d R 100
R
59. (d)
N B
e 20
e  N (2  1 ) n(W2  W1 )

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41. (c) i  . A cos    1000  (25  10  4 ) cos 0 o
R R t 100 60. (b) i   
R R t 5 Rt
 i  0.5 A 61. (a) Magnetic flux linked with the ring changes so current flows
42. (b) According to Lenz’s law. through it.
43. (c) d d
62. (a) | e |   (5 t 2  3 t  16)  (10 t  3)
44. (c) E.m.f. or current induces, only when flux linked with the coil dt dt
changes. when t  3 sec, e 3  (10  3  3)  33 V
45. (d) e  
d
dt

d
dt
 
3 t 2  4 t  9  6 t  4  when t  4 sec, e 4  (10  4  3)  43 V
Hence emf induced in fourth second
e  6(2)  4   16 | e |  16 volt
 e 4  e 3  43  33  10 V
NBA(cos  2  cos 1 )
46. (d) e    NBA(cos 2  cos 1 )
t 63. (d) e 
t
800  4  10 5  0.05 (cos 90 o  cos 0 o )
 = 0.016 V
0 .1 500  4  10 4  0.1(cos 90  cos 0)
  0 .2 V
47. (d) 0 .1
48. (d) N 1
64. (d) q  ( )   (10  2)  4 C
d R 2
49. (d) e    (10 t  4 )  (e)t  2  (10  0.2  4)  2 volt
dt 65. (c) At low frequency of 1 to 2 Hz, oscillations may be observed as
50. (c) our eyes will be able to detect it.
51. (b)
66. (c) Since the magnetic field is uniform therefore there will be no
52. (a) If bar magnet is falling vertically through the hollow region of
change in flux hence no current will be induced.
long vertical copper tube then the magnetic flux linked with
the copper tube (due to 'non-uniform' magnetic field of 67. (a)   BA
magnet) changes and eddy currents are generated in the body
of the tube by Lenz's law the eddy currents opposes the falling
of the magnet which therefore experience a retarding force.  change in flux d  B.dA = 0.05 (101  100) 10 4
The retarding force increases with increasing velocity of the
magnet and finally equals the weight of the magnet. The  5.10 6 Wb.
 1334 Electromagnetic Induction

d  5  10 6 13. (b)
Now, charge dQ    2.5  10  6 C. 14. (c) According to Fleming right hand rule, the direction of B will be
R 2
perpendicular to the plane of paper and act downward.
 n  BA 15. (d) By Fleming's right hand rule.
68. (b) Q  
R R 16. (c) e  Bvl  e  v  gt
4
Q.R 2  10  80 17. (c) e  Bvl  0.5  2  1  1 V
 B   1 W b / m2
nA 40  4  10  4 18. (b) A motional emf e  Bvl is induced in the rod, or we can say,
a potential difference is induced between the two ends of the
rod AB, with P at higher potential and Q at lower potential.
Motional EMI Due to this potential difference, there is an electric field in the
rod.
1. (a) Emf = e  e 0 sin ; e will be maximum when  is 90 i.e. o


× × P × ×
B
plane of the coil will be horizontal.
× × × ×
2. (b) Induced e.m.f.  Blv  0.3  10 4  10  5 l v
× × × ×
3
 1.5  10 V  1.5 mV × × × ×
19. (c) Q
3. (d) Conductor cuts the flux only when, if it moves in the direction
of M. 20. (b) e  Bvl  e  0.7  2  (10  10 2 )  0.14 V
21. (d) e  Bvl  e  0.9  7  0.4  2.52 V
 180  1000  3
4. (c) e  Bv .vl  0 .2  10 4     1  10 V 22. (d)
 3600 
23. (d)
5. (b) e  Bvl  3  10 3  10 2  0.3 volt 120
24. (d) e  Bl 2  0.4  10  4  (0.5)2  (3.14 ) 
60
6. (b) This is the case of periodic EMI
 6.28  10 5 V
 360  1000 

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4
7. (b) e  Bv .v.l  2  10    50  e  1 V 1 2 1
 3600  25. (c) e Bl    0.3  (2)2  100  60 V
2 2
1 1 360  1000
8. (c) e Br 2   0.1  2  10  (0.1)2    10 2 V 26. (a) e  Bvl  5  10 5   20  0.1V
2 2 3600
27. (c)
1 1
9. (d) e  Br 2   0.2  10 4  5  (1)2  50 V 28. (c) Peak value of emf  e 0  NBA  2NBA
2 2

10. (d) No flux change is taking place because magnetic field exists  2  50  300  4  10 2  (25  10 2  10  10 2 )
everywhere and is constant in time and space.  30  volt
11. (b) If player is running with rod in vertical position towards east, 1 2
then rod cuts the magnetic field of earth perpendicularly 29. (c) e Bl   Bl 2
2
(magnetic field of earth is south to north).
 e  0.5(20  10 2 )2  3.14  100  6.28 V
Hence Maximum emf induced is
30. (d)
5 30  1000
e  Bvl  4  10   3  1  10 3 volt 31. (b) e 0  NBA  (2 )NB(r 2 )  2   2 NBr 2
3600
1800
When he is running with rod in horizontal position, no field is  2  (3.14 ) 2   4000  0.5  10 4  (7  10  2 ) 2
60
cut by the rod, so e = 0.
 0.58 V
N
32. (b) Two emf's induces in the closed circuit each of value Bl v .
W E These two emf's are additive. So Enet  2 Bl v .
S 33. (b) When a conductor lying along the magnetic north-south,
moves eastwards it will cut vertical component of B0 . So
2000 induced emf
12. (c) e  NBA  ;   2f  2 
60 e  vB V l  v(B0 sin l)  B0 l v sin .

2000 4
 e  50  0.05  80  10 4  2   Static EMI
60 3
 Electromagnetic Induction 1335

di di 0  1 L2 
1. (d) e   L but e =4V and   1 / 10  3 12. (b) L  ni   ( n and i are same)
dt dt 10  3 L1 0
1
 ( L)  4  L  4  10 3 henry  L 2   r L1  900  0.18  162 mH
10 3
di
2. (d) L
e

5 5
  10  3  5 millihenry 13. (b) e  M  0.2  5  1 V
di / dt (3  2) / 10 3 1 dt

1 2 1 di  82 
3. (b) Energy stored E  Li   50  10 3  4  0 .1 J 14. (d) e   L  2   L   L  0.01 H  10 mH
2 2 dt  3  10 2 
di di
4. (a) Given  2 A / sec., L  5 H  e  L  5  2  10 V 15. (d) e  M
di
 1.25  80  100 V
dt dt dt
d di
5. (d) As we know e    L 2
LB  nB 
2
  L B  
dt dt 500 
16. (b)    108  75 mH
Work done against back e.m.f. e in time dt and current i is L A  n A 
  600 
i 1

di
dW  eidt  L idt  Li di  W  L i di  Li 2 L1  N 1 
2
N 
2
dt 0 2 17. (a) L  N 2 i.e .    L 2  L1  2   4 L1
L 2  N 2  N
 1


di  0 N 1 N 2 A di
6. (d) Induced emf e  M  .
dt l dt di (4  2)
18. (b) e   L 8 L  L  0 .2 H
7 3 dt 0.05
4  10  2000  300  1.2  10 | 2  (2)|
 
0 .30 0 .25 di 15000
19. (b) e  M M  0 .001  5 H
 48.2  10 3 V  48 mV dt 3

7. (c) Self inductance L   0 N 2 A / l   0 n 2 lA e 12

20. (b) L   15 H
di / dt 48 / 60
Where n is the number of turns per unit length and N is the

8. (c)
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total number of turns and N  nl
In the given question n is same. A is increased 4 times and l is
increased 2 times and hence L will be increased 8 times.

M 
e2
di1 / dt

e1
di2 / dt
21.

22.
(a) B

(d) e  M
 0 Ni
2r

di
dt

4  10 7  100  2  

 0.09 
20
0.006
2  10  2

 300 V
 0.022 wb / m 2

di1 di 23. (c)

Also e 1   L1 .e 2   L 2 2
dt dt
24. (c) Inductors obey the laws of parallel and series combination of
e1e 2 resistors.
M2   L1 L 2  M  L1 L 2
 di1   di2 
   25. (b) There will be self induction effect when soft iron core is
 dt   dt  inserted.
9. (c) Inductance is inherent property of electrical circuits. It will
always be found in an electrical circuit whether we want it or 26. (c) L  0 N 2 A / l
not. The circuit in which a large emf is induced when the 27. (b)
current in the circuit changes is said to have greater
inductance. A straight wire carrying current with no iron part di 1
28. (c) e  L  e  5   1 volt
in the circuit will have lesser value of inductance while if the dt 5
circuit contains a circular coil having many number of turns,
the induced emf to oppose the cause will be greater and the di Volt  sec
29. (c) eL L
circuit is therefore said to have greater value of inductance. dt Ampere
10. (c) Magnetic flux   LI di 250  10 3
30. (d) e   L  0 .4  10 3   1 mV
By analogy, since physical quantities mass (m) and linear dt 0 .1
velocity (v) are equivalent to electrical quantities inductance (L) 31. (b) In steady state current passing through solenoid
and current (I) respectively. Thus magnetic flux   LI is
E 10
equivalent to momentum p  m  v . i  1 A
R 10
1 2
11. (a) Energy stored  Li , where Li is a magnetic flux. di 6
2 32. (a) eL 2  L  L  1 mH
dt 3  10 3
 1336 Electromagnetic Induction
5 L 2.5
33. (b) From i  i0 [1  e  Rt / L ] , where i0   1 amp 49. (d) t      5 sec
5 R 0.5

 5  2  N2
 i  1 1  e 10   (1  e 1 )amp 50. (c) L  0 A . When N and l are doubled. L is also doubled.
  l
 
1 2 1
0 N 1 N 2 A 51. (c) Energy  LI   100  10 3  1 2  0 .05 J
34. (c) M 2 2
l
52. (b) e   M
di 5 
 5  3  25000 V
di (1.5  1.0) dt
35. (d) e  L  60  10 6 .  3  10 4 volt 10
dt 0 .1 53. (a) L  n (Number of turns), For straight conductor n = 0, hence
36. (a)   Li  NBA  Li L = 0.

Since magnetic field at the centre of circular coil carrying  2  10 2

54. (a)   LI  L    2H
 2Ni I 0 .01
current is given by B  0 .
4 r di 4
55. (a) eL  100  L   L  2 .5 H
dt 0 .1
 0 2Ni 2  N 2r
 N. . .r  Li  L  0
4 r 2 56. (a) The inductances are in parallel  Leq 
L 3
 1 H
3 3
Hence self inductance of a coil
di
4  10 7  500  500    0 .05 57. (a) | e |  M  8  10  3  M  3  A1  2.66mH
  25 mH dt
2
di 10
58. (d) | e |  L  10  L   L  1H
di  10  dt 1
37. (a) Induced e.m. f . e  M  100  10 3  M  
dt  0 .1  Li 8  10 3  5  10 3 
59. (a) N   Li      10 7  0 wb
N 400 4
 M  10 3 H  1 mH
60. (b) According to Lenz’s law.
38.

39.
(c)

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i 10
t

2
 5 A / sec  e  L
i
t
 0.5  5  2.5 volts

(c) Time in which the current will decay to

1
e
of its steady value
61. (d) N   Li 


1 1  5
10 3
 L
Nd  Ldi
dt

dt
 2 1 
3
 2  10 
 NB
dA Ldi
dt

dt

  L  10 H
L 50
is t      5 seconds
0 N 2 A 4  10 7  500   20  10 4
2
R 10 62. (b) L  =1.25mH
40. (a) l 0.5
63. (a) LS  L1  L2  10 H ..... (i)
41. (d) L  N2
L1 L 2
di1 di di LP   2.4 H ..... (ii)
42. (a) e2  M  i2 R2  M 1  0.4  5  0.5  1 L1  L 2
dt dt dt
On solving (i) and (ii) L L = 24 ..... (iii)
di1 1 2

  4 A / sec .
dt Also (L1  L 2 )  (L1  L 2 )  4 L1 L 2
2 2

1 2 1  (L1  L 2 )2  (10)2  4  24  4  L1  L2  2 H
43. (a) U Li   (50  10  3 )  (4 )2  400  10 3  0.4 J
2 2
di 45
64. (d) e  L  12  L   L  16 H
 di   2  dt 60
44. (b) e   L   8   L      L  0.2 H
 dt   0 .05  di L  10   10 
65. (a) | e |  L 1   L  25mH
2 dt 0.5
i 
2
1 2 U 1 1 1
45. (b) U  Li i.e . 2   2       U2  U1 2
2 U1  i1  2 4 4 1 2 1  100 
66. (d) U  Li  U   5     250 J
46. (a, b, c, d)
2 2  10 

di 10 1 .2  10 2
47. (c) | e |  L  220  L   L  11 H 67. (c)   Mi  M   1 .2 H
dt 0.5 0.01
48. (b) 1 2 1
68. (c) U Li  U   40  10 3  (2) 2  0 .08 J
2 2
 Electromagnetic Induction 1337

69. (c) L  N2 92. (a) eM

di
 1 .5  M 
30
 M  0.05 H
dt 0.1
70. (b) N 22  Mi1  9  10 5  M  3  M  3  10 5 H
93. (d)
di (18  2)
71. (a) | e |  L  20  L   L  62.5 mH 94. (c) Current in B1 will promptly become zero while current in
dt 0.05
B 2 will slowly tend to zero.
di 1
72. (b) | e |  L | e |  10  10 6   1V
dt 10 95. (b)
73. (c) 96. (c) When battery disconnected current through the circuit start
105 decreasing exponentially according to i  i0 e  Rt / L
74. (b)  T  Li  L   2mH
5  10 3 1 L
 0.37i0  i0 e  Rt / L  0 .37   e  Rt / L  t 
75. (a) LN 2
e R
di di 97. (a) Current at any instant of time t after closing an L-R circuit is
76. (c) e  L , since current decreases so is negative, hence
dt dt  R 
t
e  5  2  10 V given by I  I 0 1  e L 
 
di
77. (c) eL  e  0.1  200  20 V L
dt Time constant t 
R
di (20  0)
78. (c) eM  e  0.1   100 V
dt 0.02  R L 
  1
 I  I 0 1  e L R   I 0 (1  e 1 )  I 0  1  
  
0 N 2 A 4  10 7  (1000)2  10  10 4 e
79. (c) L 
l 1
 1 
=1.256 mH  I0 1    0 .63 I 0  63% of I 0
80. (d) In secondary e.m.f. induces only when current through primary  2 .718 
changes.
V 10
81. (b) 98. (c) i   5A

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R 2
82. (c)
1 2 1
di (2  (2)) U Li   2  25  25 J
83. (a) eL  8  L  L  0.1H 2 2
dt 0.05
2 2 99. (d)
1 1 E 1  100 
84. (b) U  Li 2  L    5     62.50 J L 40
2 2 R 2  20  100. (d) Time constant    5 sec .
R 8
85. (a)
L 60
86. (a) 101. (b) t      2 sec .
R 30
di L(0.2  1)
87. (a) e  L  0.4   L5 H 102. (c)
dt 10
103. (b)
di (6  0)
88. (c) | e |  L  30  L   L  1 .5 H
dt 0.3 1 10 4
104. (a)  0    1007 Hz
 Rt  Rt Rt
2 (0 .25)  (0 .1  10 6 ) 9 .93
  di  i   R e L  i0 R .e L
  
89. (b) i  i0  1  e L
  dt
0
 L L
  1 1
105. (c)  0  
di i0 R E E 2 LC 2  3 .14 5  10  4  20  10  6
At t = 0 ;   4   E  80 V
dt L L 20
10 4
90. (d) N  Li  100  10 5  L  5  L  0.2 mH . 0   1592 Hz
6 .28
91. (d) When the two coils are joined in series such that the winding
  Rt 
(d) i  i0  1  e L   For i  0 , t  0 .693
of one is opposite to the other, then the emf produced in first i L
106.
coil is 180 out of phase of the emf produced in second coil.
o
  2 R
 
Thus, emf produced in first coil is negative and the emf
produced in second coil is positive so, net inductance is 300  10 3
 t  0 .693   0 .1 sec
  2
L  L1  L2  L  L  L    0
i i
 1338 Electromagnetic Induction

di 10 25. (d)
107. (c) e L  0.5   2.5 V 26. (b)
dt 2
27. (a) Efficiency   50% So e  E / 2
108. (c) Time period of LC circuit oscillations
Ee EE/2 E
T  2 LC  dimensions of LC is Time. and i  i 
R R 2R
E 60
R   3
Application of EMI (Motor, Dynamo, Transformer... ) 2i 2  10
28. (c)
1. (b) Hot wire ammeter is not based on the phenomenon of e
electromagnetic induction. 29. (c)    100  e  0 .3 E
E
2. (d)
Ee 50  (0.3  50)
3. (c) Direction of eddy currents is given by Lenz’s rule. Now, i   12   R  2 .9 
R R
Non-uniform
magnetic field E  e 220  210 10
30. (a) i    5A
R 2 2
31. (a)
Eddy
currents 32. (c) A transformer is a device to convert alternating current at high
Metallic voltage into low voltage and vice-versa.
block 33. (b) We know that for step down transformer

4. (c) In a generator. e.m.f. is induced according as Lenz’s rule. Vp is

Vp  Vs but  ;  is  ip
5. (a) Vs ip
6. (d) Current in the secondary coil is greater than the primary.
7. (a) Circulation of eddy currents is prevented by use of laminated
core. 34. (c)
8. (a) 35. (a)
9.
10.
11.
12.
(c)
(a)
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(b) e  
(b)
36. (b) Transformation ratio k 

For step-up transformers,

Ns V
 s
N p Vp

N s  N p i.e. Vs  Vp , hence
k  1.
13. (a) Rotation of magnet in the dynamo creates the variable flux
which in turn produces the induced current. Vp Np  220 
14. (b) 37. (a)   Np    2000  200
Vs Ns  2200 
15. (b) With the increasing speed,  increases. Thus current reduces
due to increase in the back e.m.f. 38. (c) Provided no power looses, being assumed.

V  K Ns V
 s 
200 V
 s  Vs  240 V
Moreover i  . More  will lead to the lesser current. 39. (a)
N p Vp 100 120
R
16. (c) Commutator converts ac into fluctuating dc. ip
Vs 240 10
17. (d) Only ac dynamo have slip rings. also     is  5 A
Vp is 120 is
d
18. (b) e  ; if   maximum then e  minimum. Ns V 1 Vs
dt 40. (c)  s    Vs  120 V
19. (d) N p Vp 20 2400

20. (c) Motor e.m.f. equation Eb  V  Ia R a For 100% efficiency Vs is  Vp ip

At starting Eb  0, so I a will be maximum.  120  80  2400 ip  ip  4 A
Ee 220  e
21. (d) i   1 .5   e  190 V Vp Np 500 1 200
R 20 41. (b)     Vp   40 V
Vs Ns 2500 5 5
22. (d)
23. (d) e 0  NBA  (2 ) NBA Also ip Vp  is Vs  ip  is
Vs
 8  5  40 A
Vp
 2  3.14  1000  5000  0.2  0.25 = 157 kV
24. (a) Back emf  speed of motor.
 Electromagnetic Induction 1339

Ns V 250 Vs 63. (d) Since all the losses are neglected.

42. (a)  s    Vs  50 V
N p Vp 100 28 / 2 So Pout  Pin
64. (c)
Vs is 11  90
43. (d)    100   100  90 % ip ip
Vp ip 220  5 65. (b) 
Ns
 
1
 ip  0 .04 A
is Np 4 100
44. (d) Transformer doesn’t work on dc
45. (b) 66. (b) N p : N s  1 : 10 and Vs  0.5  200  100 V

46. (b) Vs N 100 10

 s    Vp  10 V
47. (a) For 100% efficient transformer Vp Np Vp 1

Vs ip N ip 25 ip Ns ip 10
Vs is  Vp ip    s    ip  1 A    , ip  5 amp
Vp is Np 4 100 is Np 0.5 1

48. (a) 67. (c)

Vp is 220 i
N s ip N 100 68. (d)    s  is  0 .05 amp
49. (d)   is  ip  p  2   10 A Vs ip 22000 5
N p is Ns 20
Vp is 140
Vs ip 11000  2 69. (b)   is  4   2A
50. (a)   ip   100 A Vs ip 280
Vp is 220
1000
Np Vp is 70. (c) Ps  Vs is  1000  Vs  8  Vs 
51. (c)   . The transformer is step-down type, so 8
Ns Vs ip
Vp Np (1000 / 8 ) 100
primary coil will have more turns. Hence     N s  400
Vs Ns 500 Ns
5000 2200 is
   Vs  220 V , is  40 amp 71. (a) Transformer works on ac only.
500 Vs 4
Ns V 2200 10
72. (b)  s  
4 .4  10 3

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P N p Vp 220 1
52. (b) is  s   0.4 A
Vs 11  10 3
Vs 5 V
73. (c) Transformation ratio k    s  Vs  100 V
Ns V 22000 Vp 3 60
53. (b)  s   100
N p Vp 220
Ns V N 2200
74. (c)  s  s   N s  6000
54. (b) N p Vp 600 220
55. (a)
75. (b) For 100% efficiency Vs is  Vp ip
N s ip 25 ip
56. (b)  or   ip  50 A  1100  2  220  ip  ip  10 A
N p is 1 2
76. (c)
Vs N N 10
57. (c)  s  Vs  s  Vp   240  12 volts e 0 NBA 2NB (r 2 )
Vp Np Np 200 77. (c) Amplitude of the current i0   
R R R
Vs N V 5000
58. (a)  s  s   Vs  200 V 2  1  10 2   (0.3)2
Vp Np 20 500 i0   6  10  3 A  6 mA
2
Frequency remains unchanged.
N s ip 2000 48
Vs N V 3 78. (a)     is  12 A
59. (a)  s  k  s   Vs  45 V N p is 500 is
Vp Np 30 2
1 2 1
N s ip i 4 79. (a) U Li   100  10  3  (10)2  5 J
60. (a)   p  2 2
N p is is 5
IP n p 3 3
80. (c) As  ; i.e.   Is  2 A .
61. (d) Vp  200 V, Vs  6 V Is ns Is 2
Pout  Vs is  30  6  is  is  5 A 81. (a)
82. (b)
Vs ip 6 ip
From     ip  0.15 A output power E s Is 80 200  Is
Vp is 200 5 83. (a)     
input power Ep Ip 100 4  10 3
Ep Np 200 100
62. (b)     E s  40 V 80 4  1000
Es Ns Es 20  IS    16 A
100 200
 1340 Electromagnetic Induction

4  10 3 0  2 2 R22 N1 N 2 
Also, E p I p  4 KW  I p   40 A M   henry.
100 4  R1 
 
NP I N 10 6. (d) Rate of decrease of area of
the semicircular ring
84. (a)  S  IP  S IS   2  20 A .
NS IP NP 1 dA
  (2 R) V
85. (b) dt
According to Faraday's law of induction induced emf
Output 80 20  20
86. (a)     d dA
Input 100 1000  il e B   B (2 RV )
dt dt
20  120  100
 il   3A .     
1000  80 N
   

    
Critical Thinking Questions     
vt
1. (d) If electron is moving from left to right, the flux linked with the M Q
2R ring must generate magnetic field
The induced current in the
loop (which is into the page) will first increase and then
decrease as the electron passes by. So the induced current in in the upward direction. Thus Q is at higher potential.
the loop will be first anticlockwise and will change direction as 7. (b) Induced potential difference between two ends  Blv  B H lv
the electron passes by.
2. (a) If in time t. the rod turns by an angle , the area generated by  3  10 5  2  50  30  10 3 volt  3 millivolt
the rotation of rod will be By Fleming's right hand rule, end A becomes positively charged.
 B
1 1      8. (b) Effective length between A and B remains same.
 l  l  l 2
2 2 9. (d) Circular loop behaves as a magnetic dipole whose one surface
     
will be N-pole and another will be S-pole. Therefore magnetic
So the flux linked with the A P lines a force emerges from N will meet at S. Hence total
area generated by the   
l   magnetic flux through x-y plane is zero.
rotation of rod
     10. (c) If the current increases with time in loop A, then magnetic flux
in B will increase. According to Lenz's law, loop –B is repelled
1  1 2 1 by loop –A.
  B  l 2  cos 0  Bl   Bl 2 t

3.
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2

And so e 

d
2
d 1
dt dt  2
2
 1
  Bl 2t   Bl 2
 2
(a, c, d) From Faraday’s Law, the induced voltage V  L
11. (b) e  M
di
dt
d
 0.005  (i0 sint)  0.005  i0 cos  t
dt
e max  0.005  10  100  5

0 8 2 i
12. (b) Magnetic field produced due to large loop B 
 di  4 L
rate of change of current is constant  V   L 
 dt  Flux linked with smaller loop
i
V2 2 1L2 V 0 8il2
     1 4   B(l 2 ) 
V1 L1 8 4 V2 4 L l

Power given to the two coils is same, i.e.,   0 8 2l 2 l2 L

  Mi  M   . M
i V 1 i 4 L L
V1i1  V2i2  1  2 
i2 V1 4
W  Bvl 
13. (b) Rate of work   P  Fv; also F  Bil  B  l
1
Energy stored W  Li 2
t  R 
2
B 2v 2l 2 (0 .5)2  (2)2  (1)2 1
2  P   W
W2  L2   i2  1
    4 2  4  1 
W 1 R 6 6
   
W1  L1   i1 
  4  W2 4 14. (b) Construct a concentric circle of radius r. The induced electric
field (E) at any point on the circle is equal to that at P. For this
4. (b) i  i0 (1  e  Rt / L ) circle
E   d dB P
i0 
R
(Steady current) when t    E.d l  dt  A dt r

a
E 5
i  (1  e   )   1.5 or E  (2r)  a 2 .
dB
R 10 dt
i 1 e2 a 2 dB
i1  1.5(1  e  R / L )  1.5(1  e 2 ) 
 2
 2 E E
1 dr
E
i1 1  e e 1 2r dt r
5. (d) Mutual inductance between two coil in the same plane with 15. (d) Using k , k etc, as different constants.
their centers coinciding is given by 1 2

I1 (t)  k1 [1  e t /  ], B(t)  k 2 I1 (t)

 Electromagnetic Induction 1341

I2 (t)  k 3
dB(t)
 k4 e t /  (10)2  10 3
So, H   10 J
dt 0 .01
 I2 (t) B(t)  k 5 [1  e t /  ][e t /  ] 12
23. (d) Peak current in the circuits i0   2A
This quantity is zero for t  0 and t   and positive for 6
other value of t. It must, therefore, pass through a maximum.
Current decreases from 2A to 1A i.e., becomes half in time
I2(t) B(t) L 8 .4  10 3
t  0 .693  0.693   1millisec.
R 6
Bvl
24. (a) Induced current in the circuit i 
16. (a) The mutual inductance between two coils depends on their R
t
degree of flux linkage, i.e., the fraction of flux linked with one  Bvl 
coil which is also linked to the other coil. Here, the two coils in Magnetic force acting on the wire Fm  Bil  B l
arrangement (a) are placed with their planes parallel. This will  R 
allow maximum flux linkage.
B 2vl 2
17. (d) Both AD and BC are straight conductors moving in a uniform  Fm  External force needed to move the rod with
magnetic field and emf will be induced in both. This will cause R
constant velocity
electric fields in both, but no net current flows in the circuit.
18. (d) Potential difference between B 2vl 2 (0 .15)2  (2)  (0 .5)2
(Fm )    3.75  10 3 N
1 2   R 3
O and A is V0  V A  Bl  B
25. (c) According to Lenz's Law
2
 d 
O and B is V0  VB 
1 2
Bl  26. (b)   e
2  dt  In first case

so VA  VB  0 A O B  d   d 
   2   2e
  Rt   Rt  dt  relative velocity2v  dt  I case
i  i0  1  e L  
di d d
19. (c)  i0  i0 e L
  dt dt dt
 

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Rt Rt
di  R  i R  N S
  0  i0    e L  0 e L
dt  L L v
di i0  R E 5 v
Initially, t  0      2.5 amp / sec. 27. (b) The direction of current in the solenoid is anti-clockwise as
dt L L 2 seen by observer. On displacing it towards the loop a current
20. (d) When switch S is closed magnetic field lines passing through Q in the loop will be induced in a direction so as to oppose the
increases in the direction from right to left. So, according to approach of solenoid. Therefore the direction of induced
Lenz’s law induced current in Q i.e. IQ1 will flow in such a current as observed by the observer will be clockwise.
v
direction so that the magnetic field lines due to IQ2 passes
from left to right through Q. This is possible when IQ1 flows
N N S
in anticlockwise direction as seen by E. Opposite is the case
when switch S is opened i.e. IQ2 will be clockwise as seen by E. Observer
28. (a) Inward magnetic field () increasing. Therefore, induced
current in both the loops should be anticlockwise. But as the
e2  d  area of loop on right side is more, induced emf in this will be
21. (b) Power P  ; hence e    where   NBA more compared to the left side loop
R  dt 
 d dB 
 dB  l e     A.  . Therefore net current in the
 e   NA   Also R  2  dt dt 
 dt  r complete loop will be in a direction shown below. Hence only
Where R = resistance, r = radius, l = Length option (a) is correct.
C
N 2r 2 P
P   1 1 A
l P2
B
V 2t N (B2  B1 ) A cos 
22. (a) H and V 
R t D
29. (b) Equivalent resistance of the given Wheatstone bridge circuit
1  (1  2)  0 .01  cos 0 o (balanced) is 3 so total resistance in circuit is
V  10 V
10  3 R  3  1  4  . The emf induced in the loop e  Bvl .
e Bvl
So induced current i  
R R
 1342 Electromagnetic Induction

2  v  (10  10 2 ) Induced emf  e  A

dB d
 A (Bo  t)  e  A
 10 3   v  2cm / sec.
4 dt dt
30. (b) There is no induced emf in the part AB and CD because they e A dB
are moving along their length while emf induced between B 37. (a) Current in the inner coil i   1
R R1 dt
and C i.e. between A and D can be calculated as follows
    
length of the inner coil  2a
× × B × × × A × B A
l so it’s resistance R1  50  10 3  2 (a)
× × × × × ×     
O 90o v O 90o v a 2
2l
 i1   0 .1  10 3  10 4 A
50  10 3  2 (a)
× × × × × ×     
l
× ×
C × ×
D ×
 
C 
D 
According to lenz’s law direction of i is clockwise.
1

Induced emf between B and C = Induced emf between A and B e A dB

Induced current in outer coil i2  2  2
= Bv( 2 l)  1  1  1  2  1.41 volt. R 2 R 2 dt

31. (a) Q = CV = C (Bvl) = 10  10  4  2  1 = 80 C b 2

 i2   0 .1  10 3  2  10 4 A (CW )
–6

According to Fleming's right hand rule induced current flows 50  10 3  (2b)

from Q to P. Hence P is at higher potential and Q is at lower
potential. Therefore A is positively charged and B is negatively 38. (c) Motional emf e  Bvl  e  2  2  1  4 V
charged. This acts as a cell of emf E  4 V and internal resistance
Higher potential r  2 .
×
i ×
P ×
×
This simple circuit can be drawn as follows
× × × × ×
A v
B× × × × × 4V 4V
× × × ×
×
Q Lower potential
6 3  2
2 2
32. (b) If resistance is constant (10) then steady current in the circuit
4
5
i  0 .5 A . But resistance is increasing it means current Current through the connector i  1 A
22

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10
through the circuit start decreasing. Hence inductance comes magnetic force on connector Fm  Bil  2  1  1  2 N
in picture which induces a current in the circuit in the same (Towards left)
direction of main current. So i > 0.5 A. 39. (b) Due to magnetic field, wire will experience an upward force
 Bvl  B 2 vl 2
e2 d d F  Bil  B  l F
33. (d) P ; e   (BA)  A (Bo e t )  ABo e t  R  R
R dt dt
If wire slides down with constant velocity then
1 A 2 Bo2 e 2 t
P ( ABo e t )2  F  mg 
B 2 vl 2 mgR
 mg  v  2 2
R R R B l
A 2 B o2 1 2
(c) By using e  Bl 
At the time of starting t = 0 so P  40.
R 2
1 2
(r 2 ) 2 B o2 B o2  2 r 4 For part AO ; e OA  e O  e A  Bl 
P  2
R R
1
34. (c) When key k is pressed, current through the electromagnet start For part OC; e OC  e O  e C  B(3l)2 
2
increasing i.e. flux linked with ring increases which produces
repulsion effect.  e A  e C  4 Bl 2
41. (c) Suppose solenoid has N turns, each of radius r and length of
35. (b) By the movement of both the magnets, current will be wire is l.
anticlockwise, as seen from left side i.e. plate 1 will be positive l0
and 2 will be negative.
Rear side

1
S N S N 0 N 2 A  0 N 2r 2
2
It’s self inductance L   .... (i)
v l0 l0
Observer v
36. Front side
(a) Since the current is increasing, so inward magnetic flux linked Also length of the wire l  N  2r
with the ring also increasing (as viewed from left side). Hence l2
induced current in the ring is anticlockwise, so end x will be  N 2r 2  .... (ii)
4 2
positive.
 Electromagnetic Induction 1343

4Ll o d  Rt  R
From equation (i) and (ii) l   0  i0 e  Rt / L .     i0 e  Rt / L
o dt  L  L
42. (d) Magnetic field at the location of coil (2) produced due to coil 50 180 3
(1) 1 2    e (180 0.001 ) /(510 )  10 4  e 36 A / sec
180 5  10  3
o 2M   Rt 
 
B1  . i a a 3
4 l 3 46. (b) We know that i  io 1  e L  or io  io 1  e  t / 
P l >> a   4
Flux linked with coil (2)
o 2i (a 2 ) L
2  B1 A2   (a 2 ) (where    time constant)
4 l3 R
 o a 4
Also  2  Mi  M  3 3 1
 1  e  t /  or e  t /   1  
2l 3 4 4 4
43. (a) Just before closing the switch.
t
R i2
No current
R e t /   4 or  ln 4

i2
E i1 = 0 E t 4 2
due to L L R L     sec.
ln 4 2 ln 2 ln 2
R 47. (b) In a constant magnetic field conducting ring oscillates with a
frequency of 100 Hz.
(1) R No current
(2)
1 T
i3 i3 i.e. T  s, in time flux links with coil changes from
100 2
E
R L change in flux
BA to zero.  Induced emf =
time

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E
i1  0, i2  , i3 
R
E
2R
(3)
so i2  i3  i1

After a long time closing the switch

R
(i1  0)

BA
T/2

2 BA
T

2 B  r 2
T

2  0 .01    12
1 / 100
 4V

Induced electric field along the circle, using Maxwell equation

d dB
 E.dl   dt
i2 R A e
i1 dt
i2
E E
L R L 1  2 dB  e 4
 E  r     2V /m
2r  dt  2r 2r
R
48. (a)
(1) (2)
 L
Req = 2R R
Req 
R 2

i3 h
E
R L  h  L(1  cos  ) …….(i)
Maximum velocity at equilibrium is given by
Hence i2  i3  i1 (3)  
 v 2  2 gh  2 g L(1  cos  )  2 g L 2 sin2 
44. (c) By using Kirchoff’s voltage
Req = law
R  2
di
VA  i R  E  L  VB  VB  VA  15 volt. 
dt  v  2 gL sin
15 V 5 mH
2
1
A B Thus, max. potential difference

45. (d) The rate of increase of current  

Vmax  BvL  B  2 gL sin L  2 BL sin (gL)1 / 2 .
2 2

di d

dt dt

i0 1  e  Rt / L 
d
dt
d

i0  i0 e  Rt / L
dt
 1344 Electromagnetic Induction

Graphical Questions 9. (b) As x increases so

dB
increases i.e. induced emf (e) is negative.
dt
d When loop completely entered in the magnetic field, emf = 0
1. (d) At B, flux is maximum, so from  e  at B  e  0
dt dB
When it exit out x increases but decreases i.e. e is positive.
2. (b) As the magnet moves towards the coil, the magnetic flux dt
increases (nonlinearly). Also there is a change in polarity of 10. (c) According to i – t graph, in the first half current is in-creasing
induced emf when the magnet passes on to the other side of uniformly so a constant negative emf induces in the circuit.
the coil.
In the second half current is decreasing uniformly so a constant
3. (c) Rate of decay of current between t = 5 ms to 6 ms positive emf induces
di
   (Slope of the line BC) Hence graph (c) is correct
dt
 
R
t 

 
5 
   5  10 A / s.
3
Hence induced emf 11. (b) i  i 0 1  e L 
3  
 1  10   
di
e  L   4.6  ( 5  10 3 )  23  10 3 V . di
dt 12. (a)  slope of i – t graph slope of graph (2) < slope of graph
dt
di (1  0) 6 2 2 
4. (b) e   M  1 .5  , T    di   di 
dt (T / 4 ) T  200 100 (1) so     
 dt  2  dt 1
600
 | e|   190.9 V ~– 191V Also L 
1
  L 2  L1
(di / dt)
5. (d) When loop enters in field between the pole pieces, flux linked
with the coil first increases (constantly) so a constant emf 13. (b)   BA  B  r 2
induces, when coil entered completely within the field, no flux
  r 2    kr 2 (k = constant)
change so e  0.

6. (a)
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When coil exit out, flux linked with the coil decreases, hence
again emf induces, but in opposite direction.

 dq 
d
R
 i dt  Area under i – t graph
e 
d
dt
 k . 2r
dr
dt

From 0 – 1, r is constant, 
dr
dt
 0 hence, e = 0

 d  (Area under i – t graph) R From 1 – 2, r  t, 

dr
  hence e  r  e  t
dt
1
  4  0 .1  (10)  2 wb . dr
2 From 2 – 3, again r is constant,   0 hence e = 0
dt
dB
7. (b) Induced emf e  A 14. (c) Emf induces during ‘a’ = 0
dt
emf induced during ‘b’ is constant throughout emf induced
dB during ‘c’ is constant throughout magnitude of emf induced
i.e. e  (= slope of B – t graph)
dt during ‘b’ is equal to the
magnitude of emf i a
B induced during ‘c’. But
B C the direction opposite.
b c
1
A 15. (a) U  Li 2 t
D 2
t
a b c d e
dU  di 
In the given graph slope of AB > slope of CD, slope in the ‘a’  Rate   Li 
region = slope in the ‘c’ region = 0, slope in the ‘d’ region = dt  dt 
slope in the ‘e’ region  0 . That’s why b  (d  e)  (a  c) At t  0, i  0  rate  0

 Bvl  B 2v 2 l 2 di
8. (b) P  Fv  Bil v  B   l v   P  v2 At t  , i  i0 but  0, therefore rate = 0
 R  R dt
16. (c) At the time t = 0, e is max and is equal to E, but current i is
zero.
 Electromagnetic Induction 1345
As the time passes, current through the circuit increases but M  K 2 .L1 L2
induced emf decreases.
17. (d) If at any instant, current through the circuit is i then applying When the two coils are wound on each other, the coefficient of
Kirchoffs voltage law, iR  e  E  e  E  iR. Therefore, coupling is maximum and hence mutual inductance between
graph between e and i will be a straight line having negative the coil is maximum.
slope and having a positive intercept. 10. (a) The induced current in the ring opposes the motion of falling
18. (c) When loop is entering in the field, magnetic flux (i.e. ) linked magnet. Therefore, the acceleration of the falling magnet will
with the loop increases so induced emf in it be less than that due to gravity.
e  Bvl = 0.6  10 2  5  10 2  3  10 4 V (Negative) . 11. (e) As the aircraft flies, magnetic flux changes through its wings
When loop completely entered in the field (after 5 sec) flux due to the vertical component of the earth’s magnetic field.
linked with the loop remains constant so e = 0. Due to this, induced emf is produced across the wings of the
aircraft. Therefore, the wings of the aircraft will not be at the
After 15 sec, loop begins to exit out, linked magnetic flux
same potential.
decreases so induced emf e  3  10 4 V (Positive).
12. (b) According to Lenz’s law, induced emf are in a direction such as
19. (a)
to attempt to maintain the original magnetic flux when a
change occurs. When the switch is opened, the sudden drop in
the magnetic field in the circuit induces an emf in a direction
Assertion and Reason that attempts to keep the original current flowing. This can
cause a spark as the current bridges the air gap between the
1. (b) When a metallic conductor is moved in a magnetic field; poles of the switch. (The spark is more likely in circuits with
magnetic flux is varied. It disturbs the free electrons of the large inductance).
metal and set up an induced emf in it. As there are no free
13. (b) Mutual inductance is the phenomenon according to which an
ends of the metal i.e. it will be closed in itself so there will be
opposing e.m.f. produce flux in a coil as a result of change in
induced current.
current or magnetic flux linked with a neighboring coil. But
Ldi when two coils are inductively coupled, in addition to induced
2. (b) The relation of induced emf is e 
and current i is given
dt e.m.f. produced due to mutual induction, also induced e.m.f. is
e 1 L.di di R i produced in each of the two coils due to self-induction.
by i   .  i 

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.
R R dt dt L L/R 14. (e) Lenz’s Law is based on conservation of energy and induced emf
always opposes the cause of it i.e., change in magnetic flux.
In order to decreases the rate of increase of current through
15. (a) As the coil rotates, the magnetic flux linked with the coil (being
L  
solenoid. We have to increase the time constant . B . A ) will change and emf will be induced in the loop.
R
3. (c) According to Faraday's laws, the conversion of mechanical 16. (a)
energy into electrical energy. This is in accordance with the law 17. (c) When the satellite moves in inclined plane with equatorial
of conservation of energy. It is also clearly known that in pure plane (including orbit around the poles), the value of magnetic
resistance, the emf is in phase with the current. field will change both in magnitude and direction. Due to this,
the magnetic flux through the satellite will change and hence
4. (c) Presence of magnetic flux cannot produce current.
induced currents will be produced in the metal of the satellite.
5. (e) E.M.F. induces, when there is change in magnetic flux. Faraday But no current will induced if satellite orbits in the equatorial
did experiment in which, there is relative motion between the plane because the magnetic flux does not change through the
coil and magnet, the flux linked with the coil changes and e.m.f. metal of the satellite in this plane.
induces. 18. (b) When the tube is heated its resistance gets increased due to
6. (e) Since both the loops are identical (same area and number of which eddy currents produced in copper tube becomes weak.
turns) and moving with a same speed in same magnetic field. Hence opposing force also gets reduced and the terminal
Therefore same emf is induced in both the coils. But the velocity of magnet gets increased.
induced current will be more in the copper loop as its 19. (d) When a metal piece falls from a certain height then eddy
resistance will be lesser as compared to that of the aluminium currents are produced in it due to earth’s magnetic field. Eddy
loop. current oppose the motion of piece. Hence metal piece falls
with a smaller acceleration (as compared to g). But no eddy
7. (a) The inductance coils made of copper will have very small current are produced in non-metal piece, hence it drops with
ohmic resistance. Due to change in magnetic flux a large acceleration due to gravity. Therefore non-metal piece will
induced current will be produced in such an inductance, which reach the earth’s surface earlier.
will offer appreciable opposition to the flow of current.
20. (a) Transformer works on ac only, ac changes in magnitude as well
8. (b) Self-inductance of a coil is its property virtue of which the coil as in direction.
opposes any change in the current flowing through it. 21. (a) Hysteresis loss in the core of transformer directly proportional
9. (c) The manner in which the two coils are oriented, determines the to the hysteresis loop area of the core material. Since soft iron
coefficient of coupling between them.
 1346 Electromagnetic Induction
has narrow hysteresis loop area, that is why soft iron core is
used in the transformer.
22. (e) ac generator is based on the principle of the electromagnetic
induction. When a coil is rotated about an axis perpendicular
to the direction of uniform magnetic field, an induced emf is
produced across it.
23. (d) Efficiency of electric motor is maximum when the back emf set
up in the armature is half the value of the applied battery emf.
24. (d) Backs emf. e   . At start  = 0 so e = 0

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 Electromagnetic Induction 1347

1. The figure shows four wire loops, with edge lengths of either L or 7. A coil of Cu wire (radius-r, self inductance-L) is bent in two
2L. All four loops will move through a region of uniform magnetic r
 concentric turns each having radius . The self inductance now
field B (directed out of the page) at the same constant velocity. 2
Rank the four loops according to the maximum magnitude of the (a) 2L (b) L
e.m.f. induced as they move through the field, greatest first (c) 4 L (d) L / 2
      8. In which of the following circuit is the current maximum just after
B
    
the switch S is closed
a b      R R R
    
c d
E E E
(a) (e c  e d )  (e a  e b ) (b) (e c  e d )  (e a  e b ) L R L R L

(c) ec  ed  eb  ea (d) e c  e d  eb  e a S S S

2. A circular coil and a bar magnet placed near by are made to move (i) (ii) (iii)
in the same direction. The coil covers a distance of 1 m in 0.5 sec (a) (i) (b) (ii)
and the magnet a distance of 2 m in 1 sec. The induced emf (c) (iii) (d) Both (ii) and (iii)
produced in the coil 9. A small coil is introduced between the poles of an electromagnet so
that its axis coincides with the magnetic field direction. The number
(a) Zero of turns is n and the cross sectional area of the coil is A. When the
coil turns through 180 about its diameter, the charge flowing
o

(b) 1 V through the coil is Q. The total resistance of the circuit is R. What is
(c) 0.5 V the magnitude of the magnetic induction
(d) Cannot be determined from the given information QR 2 QR

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(a) (b)
nA nA
3. A square coil ABCD lying in x-y plane with it’s centre at origin. A
long straight wire passing through origin carries a current i = 2t in Qn QR
(c) (d)
negative z-direction. The induced current in the coil is 2 RA 2nA
(a) Clockwise y 10. Two circular coils A and B are facing each other as shown in figure.
A B The current i through A can be altered
(b) Anticlockwise
A B
(c) Alternating
x
(d) Zero
4. A short magnet is allowed to fall along the axis of a horizontal
C D i
metallic ring. Starting from rest, the distance fallen by the magnet in
one second may be (a) There will be repulsion between A and B if i is increased
(a) 4 m (b) 5 m (b) There will be attraction between A and B if i is increased
(c) 6 m (d) 7 m (c) There will be neither attraction nor repulsion when i is
changed
5. The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at a place is (d) Attraction or repulsion between A and B depends on the
4 direction of current. If does not depend whether the current is
3 × 10 T and the dip is tan 1 
–4
 . A metal rod of length 0.25 m increased or decreased
3 11. A conducting loop having a capacitor is moving outward from the
placed in the north-south position and is moved at a constant speed magnetic field then which plate of the capacitor will be positive
of 10 cm/s towards the east. The emf induced in the rod will be
(a) Plate – A
(a) Zero (b) 1 V    v
(b) Plate – B
(c) 5 V (d) 10 V   
(c) Plate – A and Plate – B both A
6. A copper disc of radius 0.1 m rotates about its centre with 10
revolutions per second in a uniform magnetic field of 0.1 Tesla. The (d) None    B
emf induced across the radius of the disc is
12. A straight wire of length L is bent into a semicircle. It is
 moved in a
 2 
uniform magnetic field with speed v with diameter perpendicular to
(a) V (b) V
10 10 the field. The induced emf between the ends of the wire is
(c) 10  mV (d) 20  mV (a) BLv × × × × × × × ×

(b) 2BLv × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × ×
 1348 Electromagnetic Induction
(c) 2BLv with speed 0.5 ms and 5  resistor is held fixed
–1

2 BvL 1
(d) (b) Induced current  A directed anti-clockwise if 10 
 300
5 metre 2 resistor is pulled to the right with speed 0.5 ms and 5  –1

13. If in a coil rate of change of area is and current resistor is held fixed
millisecond
become 1 amp form 2 amp in 2 × 10 sec. If magnetic field is 1 Tesla
–3
1
then self inductance of the coil is (c) Induced current  A directed clockwise if 5  resistor
300
(a) 2 H (b) 5 H is pulled to the left at 0.5 ms and 10  resistor is held at rest
–1

(c) 20 H (d) 10 H
1
14. In series with 20 ohm resistor a 5 henry inductor is placed. To the (d) Induced current  A directed anti-clockwise if 5 
combination an e.m.f. of 5 volt is applied. What will be the rate of 150
increase of current at t = 0.25 sec resistor is pulled to the left at 0.5 ms and 10  resistor is
–1

(a) e (b) e –2
held at rest
(c) e –1
(d) None of these 18. The magnetic field in the cylindrical region shown in figure increases
15. Two coils P and Q are placed co-axially and carry current I and I' at a constant rate of 20 mT/sec. Each side of the square loop ABCD
respectively has a length of 1 cm and resistance of 4. Find the current in the
wire AB if the switch S is closed
I I'     
(a) 1.25  10 7 A , (anti-clockwise) C B

    
(b) 1.25  10 7 A (clockwise)
P Q S
    
(a) If I' = 0 and P moves towards Q, a current in the same (c) 2.5  10 7 A (anti clockwise)
D A
direction as I is induced in Q     
(d) 2.5  10 7 A (clockwise)
(b) If I = 0 and Q moves towards P, a current opposite in
direction to that of I' is induced in P 19. An aircraft with a wing-span of 40 m flies with a speed of 1080 km

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h in the eastward direction at a constant altitude in the northern
–1

(c) When I  0 and I '  0 are in the same direction, then two coil hemisphere, where the vertical component of earth's magnetic field
tend to move apart is 1.75  10 T. Then the emf that develops between the tips of the
–5

wings is
(d) None of these
(a) 0.5 V (b) 0.35 V
16. The phase difference between the flux linkage and the induced e.m.f.
in a rotating coil in a uniform magnetic field (c) 0.21 V (d) 2.1 V
(a)  (b)  / 2 20. A hundred turns of insulated copper wire are wrapped around an
iron cylinder of area 1  10 m and are connected to a resistor. The
–3 2

(c) /4 (d)  / 6 total resistance in the circuit is 10 ohms. If the longitudinal magnetic
induction in the iron changes from 1 weber m , in one direction to 1
–2

17. A pair of parallel conducting rails lie at right angle to a uniform Weber m in the opposite direction, how much charge flows
–2

magnetic field of 2.0 T as shown in the fig. Two resistors 10  and through the circuit
5  are to slide without friction along the rail. The distance (a) 2  10 C –2
(b) 2  10 C –3

between the conducting rails is 0.1 m.

Then (c) 2  10 C –4
(d) 2  10 C –5

1 B 
(a) Induced current  A
150 5 10
directed clockwise if 10 
resistor is pulled to the right

(SET -23)
1. (b) Emf induces across the length of the wire which cuts the 2
magnetic field. (Length of c = Length d) > (Length of a = b). v1   2 m / s
1
So (e c  e d ) > (e a  eb )
Speed of the coil
2. (a) Speed of the magnet
1
v2   2m / s
0 .5
N S
v
1

v
2
 Electromagnetic Induction 1349
Relative speed between coil and magnet is zero, so there is no
induced emf in the coil.
3. (d) Magnetic lines are tangential to the coil as shown in figure.
Thus net magnetic flux passing through the coil is always zero
or the induced current will be zero.
y
A B 16. (b)   BA cos  where  is the angle between area and field
 d d  d 
e   BA sin .  BA   cos( 90   )
x dt dt  dt 
Here phase difference = 90 . o

C D 17. (d) When 5  resistor is pulled left at 0.5 m/sec induced emf., in the
4. (a) We know that in this case acceleration of falling magnet will be said resistor = e  vBl  0.5  2  0.1  0.1 V
lesser than g. If ‘g’ would have been acceleration, then distance
1 Resistor 10  is at rest so induced emf in it (e  vBl) be
covered  gt 2  5 m . zero.
2 Now net emf.,
Now the distance covered will be less than 5 m. hence only B ' = 2T
in the circuit  0.1V
option (a) is correct. 
5. (d) Rod is moving towards east, so induced emf across it’s end will and equivalent 0.5 ms–1 5 10
resistance of the circuit
be e = B vl  (B H tan  )vl
V
R = 15 
4
 e  3  10 4   (10  10 2 )  0.25  10 5 V = 10 V Hence current i 
0.1
amp 
1
amp
3 15 150
6. (c) The induced emf between centre and rim of the rotating disc is And its direction will be anti-clockwise (according to Lenz’s
1 1 law)
E  BR 2   0.1  2  10  (0.1) 2  10  10 3 volt
2 2 e A dB (1  10 2 )2
2 18. (a) i  .   20  10  3  1 .25  10 7 A
L1  N 1  r R R dt 16
7. (a)  L  N 2 r ;    1
L 2  N 2 
 r2 (Anti-clockwise).
19. (c) L=40 m, v =1080km h =300m sec and B =1.75  10 T 
–1 –1 –5

2
L 1  r  1 e  Bl v  1.75  10 5  40  300  0.21 V
       ; L = 2L
L2  2  r/2 2
2

d  nA dB 100  1  10 3  2
dQ     2  10 2 C

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8. (b) At t = 0 current through L is zero so it acts as open circuit. 20. (a)
The given figures can be redrawn as follow. R R 10

R R R

E E E
R R

S S S

(i) 0 (ii) E (iii) E

i1  i2  i3 
R 2R
Hence i > i > i .
2 3 1

9. (d) Induced charge

NBA
(cos  2  cos  1 )
Q ***
R
NBA QR
 (cos 180 o  cos 0 o )  B 
R 2 NA
10. (a) With rise in current in coil A flux through B increases.
According to Lenz's law repulsion occurs between A and B.
11. (a) Crosses () linked with the loop are decreasing, so induced
current in it is clockwise i.e. from B  A. Hence electrons flow
from plate A to B so plate A becomes positively charged.
2 BvL
12. (d) Induced emf e = Bvl  e  Bv (2 R) 

dA di 5 (2  1)
13. (d) e  B. L  1  3  L   L = 10H
dt dt 10 2  10  3
di R E
14. (c) i  i0 (1  e  Rt / L )   i0   e  Rt / L  e  Rt / L
dt  
L L
di 1
On putting values   e 1 .
dt e
15. (b)
I I'

P Q

S N N S