Information Technology

Information Technology means to create, manage, store and exchange of data via various
methods. To transfer, create and store data we need many technologies such as computer
software and hardware, etc. These technologies help us to manage the data in a significant
way.

Information Technology enabled Services (ITeS)

Information Technology can be seen in every industry. This technology regulates the
functioning of the industries smoothly. Those industries which enable Information
Technology to provide quality services is called Information Technology Enabled Services
(ITes). some industries also use web-enabled services or Remote services to improve the
efficiency of their work.

BPO services

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services mean those business operations which are
performed by an outside service provider. In other words, you can say that some industries
take help from other service providers to facilitate their work. They hire some outsourcing
companies for that work and those outsourcing companies are called BPO (Business Process
Outsourcing).

Some of the BPO services are as follows:

a) Financial and Accounting Services

b) Taxation and Insurance Services
c) Multimedia and Design Services
d) Software Testing Services
e) Health Care Services

BPO vs BPM

BPO services

It means a company gives some of its work to another company (outside) to save time,
money, and effort.

✅ Example:
If a bank gives its customer care work to another company – that is BPO.

BPM services

It means improving the way work is done inside the company – to make it faster and better.

✅ Example:
If a school uses a software to improve how exam papers are checked – that is BPM.
BPM industry in India

The IT BPM (Business Process Management) industry is doing an exceptional job in the
growth of India.

BPO service industry is expanding in India at a great pace due to the following
advantages.

a) BPO companies in India invest in modern technology, quality software, and

hardware to provide error-free and efficient services.
b) The Government of India supports the BPO sector by providing necessary
infrastructure and logistics.
c) India’s BPO industry is well-developed and continuously improving to offer high-
quality services.

Structure of the IT-BPM industry

a) Multinational Companies (MNCs): Those companies whose headquarter is in

outside India but are operating their work in many locations worldwide is called
Multinational companies. These companies provide a number of jobs.
Examples: Google, Amazon

b) Indian Service Providers (ISPs): ISPs are those providers whose operations are in
India. Most of these organizations have their headquarters in India and all the jobs
done by them from India.
Examples: Airtel, Jio

c) Global In-house Canters (GIC): GIC organisations work for the parent company
they have to fulfil the parent company's work

IT applications

Nowadays Information Technology can be seen everywhere around the world.. All of us
using it every day. Here we will discuss some applications of IT in our day to day life. We
will discuss how IT is involved in our life from home to school and offices.

IT in home computing

We use a PC (personal computer) at our home. The computer is used in our homes for surfing
the internet, making presentations, video, games, etc.

IT in everyday life

In our daily life, most of the equipment we are using is embedded with software. Microwave
has its own software to maintain the temperature and also washing machines, the set-top box
has software to interact with us and give us a good experience.
IT in library

Nowadays managing books in the library is not such tough work. Libraries are now
computerised. To manage a lot of books barcodes can be associated with books which makes
the process easy to keep track of the list of available books and many more.

IT at workplace

all the offices are equipped with computers. Most of the work is now done on computers. In
offices computers and software makes their work very easy and fast.

IT in education

Information technology IT is very much used in education for teaching-learning processes.

The software and Hardware made the process of learning very easy. We can see a lot of
animations in educational videos which made studying very interesting. Various methods of
illustrations are now brought to visualize what we are reading in the real world.

(a) ICT in the classroom

ICT can be used in various ways in schools.

• e-learning classrooms;

• smart-board presentations;

• videos on experiments;

• creation of images and video;

• desktop publishing of magazines, letters and documents;

(b) Education — anywhere anytime

A lot of books and educational content are now digitalized. We can get the content whenever
we want. Our government is also providing websites to access NCERT books online.

(c) Teaching aids and media

ICT is used mostly as a teaching aid in schools to

• use pictures, animations and audio-visuals to explain subjects that are difficult to explain.

• make the lessons interesting using presentations.

• organise lessons using the computer.

(d) Learning Management System (LMS)

A Learning Management System (LMS) is a digital classroom (software application)

where teachers can upload lessons, give tests, and track student progress — and students can
learn anytime, anywhere.

This system is very useful for managing attendance and result. It is well designed to record
students' data in an effective way. Examples Google classroom, Moodles.

IT in entertainment

One can now download movies, play games, chat, video calls using mobiles and computers.
Digital broadcasting has opened a door to the world. It changed the television experience.
digital programs are now more interactive and use very much graphics designing.

IT in communication

In communication, IT has a significant role. One can easily chat through various platforms.
Video calling has now become easier. IT has really changed the way of communication.

IT in business

Computers are used in business organisations for payroll calculation, sales analysis, financial
forecasting, managing and maintaining stocks. Most of the businesses now use a digital mode
of payment. To manage all the records companies rely on computers.

IT in science and engineering

To do complex scientific calculations, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) or Computer-Aided

Manufacturing (CAM) Scientists and engineers use software applications. It made their work
easy. drawing and calculation became very easy.

IT in banking

Banking without computers can't be imagined. A lot of work is done in the computers from
transactions to maintaining records. Recurring deposits (e-RD), Fixed deposits (e-FD),
money transfer from one account to another (NEFT, RTGS), online transactions are done
using the Internet.

IT in insurance

Insurance companies use a computer to store data of their clients. It manages their data and
gives them timely notifications for their premium. It allows the user to get a good knowledge
over their policy.

IT in marketing

The computer is very much needed in marketing. The computer is used to create sell
advertisements. It is used to monitor the performance of the product in the market. different
illustrations can be made to present the product in an effective and decorative way.
IT in health care

Our hospitals are now computerised a lot of healthcare activities are now monitored by
computers. Some of the high-level gadgets are made to serve in hospitals.

(i) Computerised Axial Tomography Machine (CAT) or CT Scan: Using this machine
three-dimensional (3D) images of different parts of the body can be made. These images are
helpful in the diagnosis of diseases.

(ii) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Machine):

MRI machines are used to provide an image of the internal organs of the body by using
strong magnetic fields and radio waves. The digital images are very helpful in the detection
of the disease.

(iii) Electrocardiogram (ECG) Machine: This machine is used to monitor the heartbeat of a
person. This machine records the electrical impulse.

(iv) Cardiac Screening Machine: This machine is used to detect the problems related to the
heart. It monitors the internal working of the heart.

(v) EEG (Electro encephalography) Machine:

The Electro encephalography machine is used to record the activities of the brain. This
machine works whether the patient is asleep or awake.

(vi) Blood Sugar Testing Machine: This is used to check the sugar level in blood.

(vii) Blood Pressure Measuring Machine: Blood pressure can be checked digitally by the
blood pressure measuring machine.

IT in the government and public service

• Digital India – A campaign to make government services available digitally.

• EVM – Electronic machine used for fast and fair voting in elections.

• E-Governance – Online access to services like Aadhaar, PAN, and certificates.

• Public Safety – Use of CCTV, e-challans, and emergency apps by police.

• Healthcare – Online appointments, digital health records, and telemedicine.

• Transport – Online ticket booking and GPS tracking of buses/trains.