Class 10 Economics – Chapter 1:
Development (50 Key Points)
🔹 Understanding Development
1. Development means overall improvement in the quality of life.
2. Different people have different goals of development.
3. What is development for one may not be development for another.
4. Development includes income as well as equality, freedom, dignity, and security.
5. Money is important but not enough for a good life.
🔹 Goals of Development
6. Income is important, but non-material goals (respect, safety, equality) are also
necessary.
7. For some, development means higher salary; for others, job security or clean
surroundings.
8. Goals may conflict – e.g., factory owners want profit, workers want fair wages.
9. Women often value freedom and equality as development goals.
10.Different social groups prioritize different needs.
🔹 National Development
11.National development means improving living standards for all citizens.
12.Different groups may have different ideas of national development.
13.It includes food, healthcare, education, and social security for all.
14.Good governance and infrastructure are essential for national progress.
15.Political stability and equality support development.
🔹 Comparing Countries or States
16.Income is one criterion, but not enough for comparison.
17.National income = total income of all citizens in a year.
18.Per capita income = national income ÷ population.
19.World Bank uses per capita income to classify countries.
20.Per capita income is better than total income for comparison.
🔹 Income and Other Criteria
21.Literacy rate = percentage of people (7+ years) who can read and write.
22.Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) = number of children dying before age 1 per 1000 live
births.
23.Life expectancy = average lifespan of people.
24.Health and education are equally important indicators.
25.Quality of life depends on safety, education, healthcare, and environment.
🔹 Public Facilities
26.Access to clean water, electricity, and transport improves living standards.
27.Availability of schools and hospitals is as important as income.
28.Public facilities benefit everyone equally.
29.People may accept lower income if other facilities are available.
30.Government is responsible for providing public services.
🔹 Sustainable Development
31.Development must not harm the environment.
32.Sustainable development = meeting present needs without harming future
generations.
33.Forests, rivers, and natural resources must be preserved.
34.Overuse of resources and pollution reduce development.
35.Renewable energy and conservation are necessary for the future.
🔹 Human Development Index (HDI) and Other
Measures
36.HDI measures development using income, health, and education.
37.HDI is better than income alone for comparing countries.
38.United Nations uses HDI to rank countries.
39.High income without education and health is not real development.
40.True progress means overall human development, not just economic growth.
🔹 Key Terms and Concepts
41.GDP = total value of goods and services produced in a year.
42.Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) = income adjusted to cost of living.
43.Per capita income and HDI reflect living standards.
44.Equality means fair treatment of all groups.
45.Inequality and discrimination are barriers to development.
🔹 Conclusion and Extra Points
46.Development is about both income and non-income aspects.
47.Public facilities and equal opportunities ensure real development.
48.Development goals differ for individuals and groups.
49.Sustainable development protects both present and future.
50.True development balances economic growth, social justice, and environmental care.
