Protocol Use Simple Explanation
HTTP/HTTPS Web browsing Get web pages
SMTP Send email Mail a letter
POP3/IMAP Receive email Pickup/view mail
FTP/SFTP Transfer files Send/receive files
IP Address devices Street address
TCP Reliable delivery Tracked delivery
UDP Fast delivery Quick message
DNS Find IP from name Phonebook
DHCP Assign IPs Hotel assigns room
SSL/TLS Secure connection Locked envelope
IPSec Secure IP traffic Private tunnel
ARP Find MAC from IP Who lives here?
NAT Share one IP Receptionist shares one phone
ICMP Error messages Ping/check connection
SSH Secure remote login Door with password
Telnet Insecure remote login Unlocked door
RDP Remote desktop control See and control remote PC
SMB Windows file sharing Shared cabinet
NFS Linux file sharing Shared Linux folder
SNMP Monitor network devices Health check
OSPF Shortest path routing Smart GPS
EIGRP Efficient routing (Cisco) Cisco smart GPS
BGP Internet routing GPS for ISPs
RIP Simple routing Count hops