DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

FACULTY OF ARTS

PROGRAMME BROCHURE

BACHELOR IN ARTS
GEOGRAPHY

w.e.f. Session 2021 - 2022

UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW
LUCKNOW – 226007

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 B. A. IN GEOGRAPHY

Programme Objectives
The bachelor in arts programme offered by the department, “aims at empowering
students with knowledge and skills for spatial thinking and analysis, to navigate real world
problems, to ponder on the solutions and to contribute to society in a meaningful way;

Programme Outcomes

1. The course provides a general outlook towards ancient and contemporary

development of geography in a holistic way.

2. The course intends to provide relevant knowledge in the field to make student
master in his/her field.

3. The course intends to develop critical and analytical thinking in the students, to
understand real world problems in detail.

4. The course is designed in such a way to include mathematical methods and current
scientific development, to prepare students for inter-disciplinary studies.

5. The course has kept in mind the essence of National Education Policy and to
provide relevant knowledge for skill development and to make them future job
givers.

6. The Course will help students to understand the geography of world and India in
detail which will help them make future decision makers and policy framers.

7. The course will help students prepare for various competitive exams for central and
state services in both public and private sectors.

8. The course orients students with various scientific instruments which will help them
finding real world problems and their solutions.

9. The Course helps students in increasing their employability through various

contemporary papers like Remote Sensing And GIS, Surveying and Cartography.

10. The Course helps students to understand complex Human -Nature interaction, it
also helps students to develop compassion towards nature and help in achieving
sustainable development goals.

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 STRUCTURE U.G. GEOGRAPHY
Year Semester Paper Major 1 Major 2 Minor CC/VC Total Award
GEOGRAPHY Credit Credit Credits Credit Credits
1 Semester-1 Paper-1 Fundamentals of Geography 4 Paper 1 4 Paper 1 4 CC1 4 24
Paper-2 Physical Geography 4 Paper 2 4 Fundamentals
of Geography Certificate
Semester-2 Paper-3 Human Geography 4 Paper 3 4 Paper 2 4 VC1 4 24
Paper-4 General Cartography (Practical) 4 Paper 4 4 Physical
Geography
Semester-3 Paper-5 Economic Geography 4 Paper 5 4 Paper 3 4 CC2 4 24
Paper-6 Regional Planning and Development 4 Paper 6 4 Human
2 Geography Diploma
Semester-4 Paper-7 Environmental Geography 4 Paper 7 4 Paper 4 4 VC2 4 24
Paper-8 Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS based Project 4 Paper 8 4 Disaster
Report (Practical) Management
Semester-5 Paper-9 Geography of India 4 Paper 9 4 4 24
Internship /
Paper-10 Regional Geography of Southern Hemisphere 4 Paper 10 4 Assignment
Paper-11A or Political Geography 4
3 B. A.
Paper-11B Urban Geography Degree
Semester-6 Paper-12 Disaster Management 4 Paper 11 4 4 24
Minor
Paper-13 Surveying and Survey based Project Report / Field 4 Paper 12 4 Project
trip and Report Writing (Practical)
Paper-14A or Geography of Tourism 4
Paper-14B Social Geography
Semester-7 Paper-15 Evolution of Geographical Thought 4 4 24
Paper-16 Statistical Methods in Geography 4
Paper-17 Geography of Uttar Pradesh 4 Research B. A.
4 Methodology Research
Paper-18A or Industrial Geography 4
Paper-18B Geography of Rural Settlement
Paper-19A Population Geography 4
Or
Paper-19B Agriculture Geography
Semester-8 Major Project 24 24
76 48 16 52 192

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TITLE OF THE PAPER : FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After completion of the course students will be able -
1. To understand the basics of geography as a discipline
2. To understand our solar system
3. To understand man nature relationship

UNIT - I
Meaning, Definition, Nature, Scope and approaches of Geography, Objectives and Relevance;
Basic Concepts of Geography, Branches of Geography; Dualism in Geography.

UNIT - II
The Physical Dimension in Geography: The Universe; The solar system, The Earth Movement,
Latitudes, Longitudes & Time calculation.

UNIT - III
The Human Dimension in Geography: Man & Environment; Society, Culture & Civilization;
Population; Economic Structure.

UNIT - IV
Applied Geography: Recent Trends in Geography; Modern Concepts in Geography; Study of
Geography in India; Career Opportunities for Geographers.

REFERENCE:

Text Books:
1. Dikshit R.D. Geographical Thought (2000) A contextual History of Ideas. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd..
2. Dwivedi A. K. (2021), Bhoogol Ke Mool Siddhant, Vanya Publications, Kanpur.
3. Dwivedi A. K. (2021), Fundamentals of Geography, Vanya Publications, Kanpur.
4. Husain Majid (1984) : Evolution of Geographical Thought, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
5. Jain Ritu (2018), Fundamental of Geography, Pratyush Publication, Dehli.
6. Kaushik S. D. (2018) Bhougolik Vichardharaye, Rastogi Publication Meerut.

Suggested Reading:
1. A text book of Geography, Class VI to VIII, ICSE, New Delhi.
2. David Harvey (1972), Explanation in Geography Edward-Amold, London.
3. Dohrs. F. E. and Sommers, L.W. (1959), Introduction to Geography, Thomas Y. Crowell Co. Chicago.
4. Fundamentals of Physical geography, Class XI, N.C.E.R.T, New Delhi.
5. Holt Jensen (1980), A Geography: Its History and Concepts, Longmans.
6. James, P. E : All Possivle Worlds: A History of Geographical Ideas. Sachin Publication, Jaipur
7. Jones, P. A. (1968) : Fieldwork in Geography, Longmans.
8. Lownsburg. J.F. and Aldrich, F.T.(1979),Introduction to Geographical Methods and Techniques, Charles
Marrili, Columbus.
9. Minshull, R (1970), The changing Nature of Geography. Hutchinson University Library, London.
10. Wooldridge S. W. (1956), The Geographer As Scientist, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd. London.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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TITLE OF THE PAPER : PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After completion of the course students will be able -
1. To understand the physical geography
2. To understand the dynamics of earth and related activity
3. To understand Earth’s atmosphere and its impact on humans
4. To understand the importance of water as a resource.

UNIT- I
Physical Geography, Nature, Definition and Scope, Origin of the Earth, Branches of Physical
Geography.

UNIT - II
Lithosphere – Internal Structure of Earth based on Seismic Evidences, Plate Tectonics and its
associated features, Fluvial cycle of Erosion – Davis and Penck.

UNIT - III
Atmosphere - Composition and structure, Heat Budget, Cyclones, Monsoon Climatic Classification
(Koppen).

UNIT - IV
Hydrosphere – Hydrological Cycle, Ocean Bottom Relief Features, Tides and Currents

REFERENCE:

Text Book:
1. Husain M., (2002), Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
2. Monkhouse, F. J. (2009), Principles of Physical Geography, Platinum Publishers, Kolkata.
3. Singh Savindra, (2017), Physical Geography, Vashundhara Prakasah, Gorakhpur.
4. Strahler A. N. and Strahler A. H., (2008), Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Suggested Reading:
1. Conserva, H. T., (2004), Illustrated Dictionary of Physical Geography, Author House, USA.
2. Gabler, R. E., Petersen J.F. and Trapasso, L. M., (2007), Essentials of Physical Geography (8th ed.),
Thompson, Brooks/Cole, USA.
3. Garrett N., (2000), Advanced Geography, Oxford University Press.
4. Goudie, A., (1984), The Nature of the Environment: An Advanced Physical Geography, Basil Blackwell
Publishers, Oxford.
5. Hamblin, W. K., (1995), Earth’s Dynamic System, Prentice Hall, N.J.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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TITLE OF THE PAPER : HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course Students will be able -
 To understand the Concept, Nature, Meaning and Scope of Human Geography
 To understand the natural and Cultural Changes in and around the Human Environs and their
interrelationship.

UNIT - I
Definition, Nature, Major Subfields, Relevance; Approaches to the Study of Human Geography.

UNIT - II
Space and Society : Cultural Regions; Race, Religion and Language.

UNIT - III
Population : Population Growth and distribution, Composition (Age, Gender and Literacy),
Demographic Transition theory.

UNIT - IV
Settlements : Types and Patterns of Rural Settlements; Classification of Urban Settlements; Trends
and Patterns of World Urbanization.

REFERENCE:

Text Book:
1. Chandna, R.C. (2010), Population Geography, Kalyani Publisher.
2. Ghosh, S. (2015), Introduction to settlement geography. Orient Black Swan Private Ltd., Kolkata
3. Hussain, Majid (2012), Manav Bhugol. Rawat Publications, Jaipur
4. Kaushik, S.D. (2010), Manav Bhugol, Rastogi Publication, Meerut.
5. Maurya, S.D. (2012), Manav Bhugol, Sharda Pustak Bhawan. Allahabad.

Suggested Reading:
1. Daniel, P.A. and Hopkinson, M.F. (1989), The Geography of Settlement, Oliver & Boyd, London.
2. Johnston R; Gregory D, Pratt G. et al. (2008), The Dictionary of Human Geography, Blackwell
Publication.
3. Jordan-Bychkov et al. (2006), The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography. W.
H. Freeman and Company, New York.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER - 4 T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : GENERAL CARTOGRAPHY (PRACTICAL)
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course students will be able -
1. The students will be able to have a clear understanding of the place under study with respect
to location, side and situation.
2. The students will be equipped with techniques of projection and map designing, Learning
different types of maps and their compilation.

UNIT - I
Maps – Types, Elements and Uses,

UNIT - II
Map Scale – Types and Application, Reading Distance on a Map.

UNIT - III
Map Projection – Criteria for Choice of Projection, Attributes and Properties of Zenithal Gnomonic
Polar Case, Zenithal Stereographic Polar Case, Cylindrical Equal Area, Mercator’s Projection,
Conical Projection with Two Standard Parallel, Bonne’s Projection.

UNIT - IV
Representation of Data – Symbols, Dots, Choropleth, Isopleth and Flow Diagrams, Interpretation of
Thematic Maps.

REFERENCE:

Text Book:
1. Dwivedi A. K., (2021), Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Vanya Prakashan, Kanpur.
2. Mishra R. P. and Ramesh A., (1989), Fundamentals of Cartography, Concept Publishing.
3. Sharma J. P., (2010), Prayogic Bhugol, Rastogi Publishers.
4. Singh R. L. and Singh R. P. B., (1999), Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishers.
5. Singh R. L., (1998), Prayogic Bhoogol Rooprekha, Kalyani Publications.

Suggested Reading:
1. Dent B. D., (1999), Cartography: Thematic Map Design, (Vol. 1), McGraw Hill.
2. Gupta K. K and Tyagi V. C., (1992), Working with Maps, Survey of India, DST, New Delhi.
3. Robinson A., (1953), Elements of Cartography, John Wiley.
4. Steers J. A., (1965), An Introduction to the Study of Map Projections, University of London.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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TITLE OF THE PAPER : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course Students will be able -
1. To understand the Meaning, concepts and approaches of Economic Geography
2. To Understand the nature of Economic activities, Resource Distribution
3. To Understand the Effect of globalization on developing countries.

UNIT – I
Meaning, concepts and approaches of Economic Geography; Economic organization of space;
forestry, fishing and mining activities.

UNIT-II
Resources: Concepts and classification, Power resources: Coal and Petroleum, Principal crops:
Wheat, Rice & cotton.

UNIT-III
Agricultural Regions of the world (Derwent Whittlesey), theory of Industrial Location (Alfred Weber),
Major Industries Iron and Steel & Sugar.

UNIT-IV
WTO and International trade: Patterns and trends, Effect of globalization on developing countries.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. B N Singh (2021) Manav evam Arthik Bhugol, Pravalika Publication, Allahabad
2. Garg H. S. (2015), Economic Geography (Hindi), SBPD Publication, New Delhi.
3. Saxena H.M. (2013). Economic Geography, Rawat Publications, New Delhi.
4. Singh J., (2000), Arthik Bhoogol Ke Tatv, Vashundhara Prakashan, Gorakhpur.

Suggested Reading:
1. Alexander, J. W. (1988): Economic Geography. Prentice-Hall, New Delhi.
2. Bryson, J., Henry, N., Keeble, D. and Martin, R. (eds.) (1999): The Economic Geography Reader:
Producing and Consuming Global Capitalism. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York.
3. Clark, G. L., Gertler, M. S. and Feldman, M. P. (eds.) (2000): The Oxford Handbook of Economic
Geography. Oxford University Press, USA.
4. Coe, N. (2007): Economic Geography: A Contemporary Introduction. Blackwell Publishers.
5. Gautam, A. (2006): Aarthik Bhugol Ke Mool Tattava, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
6. Guha, J. S. and Chattoraj, P.R. (2002): A New Approach to Economic Geography: A Study of
Resources. The World Press Private Limited, Kolkata.
7. Hanink, D. M. (1997): Principles and Applications of Economic Geography: Economy, Policy, and
Environment. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York.
8. Hartshorne, T. A. and Alexander, J. W. (1988): Economic Geography (3rd revised edition) Englewood
Cliff, New Jersey, Prentice Hall
9. Knowles, R, Wareing, J. (2000): Economic and Social Geography Made Simple, Rupa and Company,
New Delhi.
10. Sokal, Martin (2011), Economic Geographics of Globalization: A short Introduction. Cheltenham, U K:
Edward Elgar.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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TITLE OF THE PAPER : REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course Students will be able-
1. The students will be able to understand and analyse the principal issues confronting the
regions today.
2. The students will get an insight into ‘how regions work’, through case-study from India.
3. The students will be able to understand and analyse the principal issues confronting the
different regions of India.

UNIT-I
Concept, Need and Types of Regional Planning. Characteristics and Delineation of Planning
Regions.

UNIT-II
Regionalization of India for Planning (Agro Ecological Zones)

UNIT-III
Models for Regional Planning; Growth Pole Theory; Core Periphery Model and Growth Foci Concept
in Indian Context.

UNIT-IV
Backward Regions and Regional Plans – Special Area Development Plans in India; DVC-The
Success Story and the Failures; NITI Aayog.

REFERNCES:

Text Book:
1. Chandana, R. C. (2016), Regional Planning and Development (Hindi), Kalyani Publication, New Delhi.
2. Chandana, R. C. (2016), Regional Planning and Development, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi.
3. Maurya S. D. (2017), Regional Planning and Development (Hindi), Pravalika Publications, Prayagraj

Suggested Reading:
1. Blij H. J. De, (1971), Geography: Regions and Concepts, John Wiley and Sons.
2. Claval P.l, (1998), An Introduction to Regional Geography, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford and
Massachusetts.
3. Friedmann J. and Alonso W. (1975), Regional Policy - Readings in Theory and Applications, MIT Press,
Massachusetts.
4. Gore C. G., (1984), Regions in Question: Space, Development Theory and Regional Policy, Methuen,
London.
5. Gore C. G., Köhler G., Reich U-P. and Ziesemer T., (1996), Questioning Development; Essays on the
Theory, Policies and Practice of Development Intervention, Metropolis- Verlag, Marburg.
6. Haynes J., (2008), Development Studies, Polity Short Introduction Series.
7. Johnson E. A. J., (1970), The Organization of Space in Developing Countries, MIT Press,
Massachusetts.
8. Peet R., (1999), Theories of Development, The Guilford Press, New York.
9. UNDP (2001-04), Human Development Report, Oxford University Press.
10. World Bank (2001-05), World Development Report, Oxford University Press, New

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER - 7 T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the course students will able-
1. To understand and define the natural environment
2. To understand the problems and prospects of environmental pollution
3. To understand recent legislations related to environment conservation

UNIT-I
Environmental Geography; Concepts and Approaches; Ecosystem – Concept and Structure;
Ecosystem Functions.

UNIT-II
Human – Environmental Relationship in Equatorial, Desert, Mountain and Coastal Regions.

UNIT-III
Environmental Problems and Management; Air Pollution; Biodiversity Loss; Solid and Liquid Waste.

UNIT-IV
Environmental Programmes and Policies: Developed Countries; Developing Countries; New
Environmental Policy in India; Government Initiatives.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Singh, R.B. (1993) Environmental Geography, Heritage Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Singh, R.B. and Hietala, R. (Eds.) (2014) Livelihood security in North western Himalaya: Case studies
from changing socio-economic environments in Himachal Pradesh, India. Advances in Geographical
and Environmental Studies, Springer
3. Singh, Savindra (2001), Paryavaran Bhugol, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad. (in Hindi)

Suggested Reading:
1. Casper J.K. (2010) Changing Ecosystems: Effects of Global Warming. Infobase Pub. New York.
2. Hudson, T. (2011) Living with Earth: An Introduction to Environmental Geology, PHI Learning Private
Limited, New Delhi.
3. Miller, G.T. (2007) Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions, Brooks/ Cole
Cengage Learning, Belmont.
4. UNEP (2007) Global Environment Outlook: GEO4: Environment for Development, United Nations
Environment Programme. University Press, Cambridge.
5. Wright R. T. and Boorse, D. F. (2010) Toward a Sustainable Future, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER - 8 T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : REMOTE SENSING, G.I.S. & G.P.S. BASED PROJECT
REPORT (PRACTICAL)
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the course students will be able -
1. Understand the Basic idea and application of Remote sensing Techniques and Geographical
Information System
2. Overall understanding of potential of Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS
3. Understanding of image interpretation
4. Understanding of GIS analysis workflow and integrated applications in various domains of
Geography

UNIT- I
Remote Sensing: Definition, Development, Platforms and Types.

UNIT- II
Aerial Photography: Principles, Types and Geometry.

UNIT- III
Meaning, Definition and scope of G.I.S., Components of G.I.S., Recent Trends and applications of
G.I.S.

UNIT- IV
Interpretation and Application of Remote Sensing: Land use/Land Cover; Global Positioning System
(GPS) – Principles and Uses.

Practical Record: A project file consisting of five exercises will be done from aerial photos, satellite
images (Scale, orientation and interpretation) and GPS field survey.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Chauniyal, D D, (2016), Principles of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Hindi,
Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad
2. Nag P. and Kudra, M., (1998), Digital Remote Sensing, Concept, New Delhi.

Suggested Reading:
1. Campbell J. B., (2007), Introduction to Remote Sensing, Guildford Press.
2. Jensen J. R., (2004), Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, Prentice
Hall.
3. Joseph, G. (2005), Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, United Press India.
4. Lillesand T. M., Kiefer R. W. and Chipman J. W., (2004), Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,
Wiley. (Wiley Student Edition)
5. Rees W. G., (2001), Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press.
6. Singh R. B. and Murai S., (1998), Space-informatics for Sustainable Development, Oxford and IBH Pub.
7. Wolf P. R. & Dewitt B. A., (2000), Elements of Photogrammetry: With Applications in GIS, McGraw-Hill.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/home/viewsubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hu7bnow8t8&list=plnsppmblkj8l5z-moer6jx6pasmceruzw
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER - 9 T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the course students will be able -
1. To understand of 'new' geography of their country.
2. To understand the spatial variations of dimensions of vitality and vulnerability would help
them see the strength and weakness of the country.
3. To understand resource location and its judicious use

UNIT-I
Physical Setting – Location, Structure and Relief, Drainage, Climate; Population – Size and Growth
since 1901, Population Distribution, Literacy, Sex Ratio.

UNIT-II
Settlement System – Rural Settlement Types and Patterns; Urban Pattern.

UNIT-III
Resource Base – Livestock (Cattle and Fisheries), Power (Coal and hydroelectricity), Minerals (iron
ore and Bauxite)

UNIT-IV
Economy – Agriculture (Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton), Industries (Cotton Textile, Iron and Steel,
Automobile), Transportation Modes (Road and Rail)

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Hussain M., (1992), Geography of India, Tata McGraw Hill Education.
2. Khuller D. R. (2016), Comprehensive Geography of India, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi.
3. Nag P. and Sengupta S., (1992), Geography of India, Concept Publishing.
4. Rana, Tejbir Singh, (2015), Diversity of India, R.K. Books, Delhi.
5. Singh Gopal, (1976), A Geography of India, Atma Ram.

Suggested Reading:
1. Mamoria C. B., (1980), Economic and Commercial Geography of India, Shiva Lal Agarwala.
2. Miller F. P., Vandome A. F. and Mc Brewster J., (2009), Geography of India: Indo- Gangetic Plain, Thar
Desert, Major Rivers of India, Climate of India, Geology of India, Alphascript Publishing.
3. Pichamuthu C. S., (1967), Physical Geography of India, National Book Trust.
4. Sharma T. C. & Coutinho O., (1997), Economic and Commercial Geography of India, Vikas Publishing.
5. Spate O. H. K. and Learmonth A. T. A., (1967), India and Pakistan: A General and Regional Geography,
Methuen.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER - 10 T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the course students will be able-
1. To understand the location of earths continents in detail
2. To understand the politics of southern hemisphere
3. To understand the resources of southern hemisphere

UNIT – I
South America & Islands, Physiographic Regions; Climate, Soil, Vegetation, People and Economy.

UNIT – II
Africa & Islands; Physiographic Regions; Climate, Soil, Vegetation, People and Economy.

UNIT – III
South Asia, South East Asia & Islands, Physiographic Regions, Climatic, Soil, Vegetation, people
and economy.

UNIT- IV
Australia, Newzeland, Antarctica and Zealandia, Physiographic Regions, Climatic, Soil, Vegetation,
People and Economy.

REFERENCES:
Text Book:
1. Husain Majid (2004) World Geography, Rawat Publication, New Delhi.
2. Rao B. P. (2008), Geographical Analysis of Asia.
3. Singh Jagdish, (2008) Three Southern Continents.
4. Srivastava H. (2008), Regional Geography.

Suggested Reading:
1. Claval P. (2002) An Introduction to Regional Geography.
2. Geography – Book 6; R.K. Jain, ICSE, Ratna Sagar Publication.
3. Hamilton, I. (ed.) (1992), Resources and Industries. Oxford University Press, New York, 1992.
4. Hutchinson University Library, London
5. Panorama: A Textbook of geography, class VII, ICSE, United Publishing House, New Delhi.
6. Tirtha R, (2001) Geography of Asia.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER – 11 ‘A’ T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of course students will be able -
1. To understand the growth, development, philosophical influences and relevance of political
theories in geography from ancient to the present time.
2. To understand emerging areas and new theorisations within the discipline.
3. To understand the ways in which political issues are dealt with through geographical and
spatial perspectives.

UNIT- I
Nature and scope of political geography; political geography and geopolitics; Approaches to the
study of political geography; morphological, functional and unified field theory.

UNIT- II
State as a politico – territorial phenomenon; Changing nature of location, size and shape in political
geography of states.

UNIT- III
Global strategic views of Mackinder, Spykman; Seversky, and Mahan and their relevance to
contemporary world situation.

UNIT- IV
Underdevelopment and international policies, the North-south dialogues : SAARC and ASEAN in the
new International Economic order.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Dikshit S K (2010), Rajnitik Bhoogol – Viswavidyalaya Publication Varansi.
2. Dikshit, R. D. (1982), Political Geography, A Contemporary Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Co. New Delhi.
3. Pankkar, K M (1956), Geographical factors in India History. Bharatiya Vidyabhavan, Bombay.
4. Pounds, N. T. (1972), Political Geography Mcgraw Hill, New York.
5. Sudipta Adhikari & Ratan Kumar, (2015) Rajniti Bhoogol, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.

Suggested Reading:
1. Bhagwati, J. N. (ed.).; New International Economics Order The North-South Debagte. M.I.T. Press,
London, 1976.
2. Glassner M. I. (1993), Political Geography, John Wiley, New York.
3. Prescott. J. R (1972), Political Geography Mcgraw Hill, New York.
4. Schwartzberg Je (1993), A Historical Atlas of South Asia, University of Chicago press. U.S.A.
5. Short, J. R. (1982), An Introduction to political Geography; Routlege and Kegan Paul, Londan.
6. Taylor, Peter (1993), Political Geography, Longman, London, 1985. Analysis. New York.
7. Taylor. P. J. (ed.) (1993), Political Geography of the 20the Century – A Global Analysis, New York.
8. William C. H (ed.) (1993), Political Geography of the New World order Halsted Ben, New York.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER – 11 ‘B’ T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : URBAN GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course Students will be able-
1. To understand the linkages between urban cities and the societal forces that shapes it.
2. To critically analyse contemporary urban issues from a geographical perspective.
3. To understand urban issues in order to engage with possible and effective planning and
policy interventions.

UNIT - I
Urban Geography : Meaning, Nature & Scope, Patterns of Urbanization in Developed and
Developing Countries.

UNIT - II
Functional Classification of Cities : Quantitative and Qualitative Methods, Urban Influences : Umland
and Rural – Urban Fringe.

UNIT - III
Study of Regional Urban Patterns; Central Place Theory of Christaller & Losch, Growth Pole Theory
of Perroux, Metropolitan City and Primate City.

UNIT - IV
Contemporary Urban Issues; Urban Poverty; Housing; Slums, Master Plan : A case study of
Lucknow.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Ram Chandran, R. (1988), Urbanization and Urban System in India, New Delhi, Oxford Publication.
2. Singh, R. B. (ed.) (2000), Urban Sustainable in the context of Global Change, Oxford & IBN Pub. New
Delhi.

Suggested Reading:
1. Alam, S.M. (1964), Hyderabad – Secunderabad Town in Cities Asia Publishing House, Bombay.
2. Berry, B.J. L. and Horton F. F. (1970), Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems, Prentice Hall,
Englewood Clitts, New Jersey.
3. Carter (1972), The Study of Urban Geography, Edward Arnold Publishers, London.
4. Dickinson, R. E. (1964), City and Region, Routledge, London.
5. Gibbs, J. P. (1961), Urban Research Methods D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc. Princeton, New Jersey.
6. Hall P (1992), Urban and Regional Planning, Roultledge, London.
7. Houser, Philip M and Schnore Leo F. (ed.) (1965), The Study of Urbanization, Wiley, New York.
8. James, P. E. and Jones, C. F. (eds.), (1954), American Geography, Inventory and Prospect, Syracuse
University Press, Syracuse.
9. Mayer, H.M. Kohn, C.F. (eds.); Readings in Urban Geography, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
10. Mumford, (1958), Culture of Cities, McMillan & Co., London.
11. Nangia, Sudesh (1976), Delhi Metropolitan Region: A Study in Settlement Geography, Rajesh
Publication.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER – 12 T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : DISASTER MANAGEMENT
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After completion of the course students will be able-
1. To understand the types of disasters-natural and man-made.
2. To understand how to map and mitigate disasters.
3. To understand the disaster studies in India and various government policies of disaster
management.

UNIT - I
Hazards, Risk, Vulnerability and Disaster; Definition and Concepts; Disasters in India : (a) Flood,
Landslide, Drought - Causes, Impact, Distribution and Mapping;.

UNIT - II
Disasters in India : (b) Earthquake, Tsunami and Cyclone - Causes, Impact, Distribution and
Mapping.

UNIT - III
Human induced Disaster; Causes, Impact, Distribution and Mapping

UNIT - IV
Response and Mitigation to Disaster; Mitigation and preparedness, NDMA and NIDM; Indigenous
Knowledge and Community-Based Disaster Management; Do’s and Don’ts during Disasters.

REFERENCE:

Text Book:
1. Kapur, A. (2010) Vulnerable India: A Geographical Study of Disasters, Sage Publication, New Delhi.
2. Singh Jagbir (2007) “Disaster Management Future Challenges and Opportunities”, 2007. Publisher- I.K.
International Pvt. Ltd. S-25, Green Park Extension, Uphaar Cinema Market, New Delhi, India
(www.ikbooks.com).
3. Singh, R. B. (ed.), (2006) Natural Hazards and Disaster Management: Vulnerability and Mitigation,
Rawat Publications, New Delhi.
4. Singh, R.B. (2005) Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Analysis, IGNOU, New Delhi. Chapter 1, 2 and 3
5. Singh, Savindra (2015), Disaster Management, Pravalika Publication, Parayaraj.

Suggested Reading:
1. Government of India. (1997) Vulnerability Atlas of India. New Delhi, Building Materials & Technology
Promotion Council, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India.
2. Modh, S. (2010) Managing Natural Disaster: Hydrological, Marine and Geological Disasters, Macmillan,
Delhi.
3. Sinha, A. (2001). Disaster Management: Lessons Drawn and Strategies for Future, New United Press,
New Delhi.
4. Stoltman, J.P. et al. (2004) International Perspectives on Natural Disasters, Kluwer Academic
Publications. Dordrecht.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER – 13 T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : SURVEYING AND SURVEY BASED PROJECT REPORT /
FIELD TRIP AND REPORT WRITING (PRACTICAL)
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After completion of the course students will be able-
1. To understand the importance of practical work in geography
2. To understand the relevance of surveying in geography
3. To develop a understanding of surveying instruments
4. To understand the lithosphere through field work

UNIT- I
Instrumental Surveying; Meaning, classification and significance, Introduction to (i) Chain and tape
(ii) Indian Clinometer and (iii) Dumpy Level. Prismatic Compass and Plane Table, Surveying (Three
Point problem).

UNIT- II
Socio-economic survey / Field trip and report writing
Socio-economic survey: Selection of Area, Objectives, Methodology, Questionnaire, Data Collection,
Entry and Tabulation and its interpretation.

Field Trip:
Mountain / Desert / Plateau / Costal Region or any local geographical area in unavoidable
circumstances,
Designing the field report: Aims and Objectives, Methodology, Analysis, Interpretation and writing
the report based on field observations, photographs, sketch etc.

REFERENCE:

Text Book:
1. Sharma, J. P. (2019), Proyagatmak bhoogol, Rastogi Publication Meerut.
2. Singh, R. L. and Singh, Rana P.B. (1993), Elements of Practical Geography. (Hindi and English
editions), Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana and New Delhi.

Suggested Reading:
1. Davis, R. E. and Foote, F.S. (1953) : Surveying, 4th edition, McGraw Hill Publication, New York.
2. Jones, P. A. (1968): Fieldwork in Geography, Longmans, Green and Company Ltd. First Publication,
London.
3. Kanetker, T. P. and Kulkarni, S. V. (1967); Surveying and Levelling, Vol-I and II V.G. Prakashan, Poona.
4. Natrajan, V. (1976), Advances Surveying, B.I Publication, Mumbai.
5. Pugh, J. C. (1975), Surveying for field Scientists, Methuen and Company Ltd. London, First Publication.
6. Punmia, B. C. (1994), Surveying, Vol. I, Laxmi Publication Private Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Shephard, F. A. (1968), Surveying Problems and Solutions, Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London.
8. Venkatramaiah, C. (1997), A Text Book of Surveying, Universities Press, Hyderabad.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER – 14 ‘A’ T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After completion of the course students will be able-
1. To understand different types of tourism and the geography associated with them.
2. To understand different aspects of tourism-market, demand & dimensions of tourism.
3. To understand tourism in India, its evolution and development in different tourist places.

UNIT- I
Concepts, Nature and Scope; Inter-Relationships of Tourism, Geographical Parameters of Tourism
by Robinson. Types of Tourism: Natural Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Medical Tourism, Pilgrimage

UNIT- II
Recent Trends of Tourism: International and Regional; Domestic (India); Eco Tourism, Sustainable
Tourism, Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE)

UNIT - III
Impact of Tourism: Economy; Environment; Society.

UNIT - IV
Tourism in India: Tourism Infrastructure; Case Studies of Himalaya, Desert and Coastal and
Heritage; National Tourism Policy

REFERENCS:

Text Book:
1. Kamra, K. K. and Chand, M. (2007) Basics of Tourism: Theory, Operation and Practise, Kanishka
Publishers, Pune.
2. Singh Jagbir (2014) “Eco-Tourism” Published by - I.K. International Pvt. Ltd. S-25, Green Park
Extension, Uphaar Cinema Market, New Delhi, India (www.ikbooks.com).

Suggested Reading:
1. Dhar, P.N. (2006) International Tourism: Emerging Challenges and Future Prospects. Kanishka, New
Delhi.
2. Hall, M. and Stephen, P. (2006) Geography of Tourism and Recreation–Environment, Place and Space,
Routledge, London.
3. Page, S. J. (2011) Tourism Management: An Introduction, Butterworth Heinemann- USA. Chapter 2.
4. Raj, R. and Nigel, D. (2007) Morpeth Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Festivals Management: An
International perspective by, CABI, Cambridge, USA, www.cabi.org.
5. Tourism Recreation and Research Journal, Centre for Tourism Research and Development, Lucknow

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER – 14 ‘B’ T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After completion of the course students will be able-
1. To understand the social aspect of geography
2. To understand various races ,tribes and ethnicities and its importance
3. To understand the idea of human well being

UNIT - I
Social Geography: Meaning, Nature& Development, Significance and approaches of Social
Geography

UNIT- II
Philosophical Bases of Social Geography (Positivism, Structuralism); Social Structure & Social
Processes; Concept of Social Space.

UNIT - III
Elements of Social Geography: Ethnicity, Tribe, Dialect, Language, Caste & Religion; Socio-Cultural
Regions of India; Linguistic Elements in India.

UNIT - IV
Social Well-being and its indicators, Human Development Index (HDI), inclusive growth, social
segregation and ghetto formation.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Aijazuddin Ahmad, Social Geography.
2. Gosal, G.S. & Mukherjee, A. B. Religious Groups in India
3. Kulkarni, K. M. Geographical Patterns of Social Well-being.

Suggested Reading:
1. Gardern, J.F., Geography as a Social
2. Gregory, D &Urry, J. Social Relations.
3. Hammely, chris, (Ed.) Social Geography : A Reader
4. Harvey, D. Social Justice and the City.
5. John, E. (ed.) Social Geography in International Perspective
6. Jones, E. (Ed.) Readings in Social Geography
7. Jones. E. &Eyles, J., An Introduction to Social Geography.
8. Pacliona, A (ed.) Social Geography, Progress and Prospects.
9. Paul Knox, Social Well-being, A Spatial Perspective.
10. Rao, M.S.A, Urbanization and Social Change.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER – 15 T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : EVOLUTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGH
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course Students will be able-
1. To understand the growth, development, philosophical influences and relevance of
geography from ancient to the present time.
2. To acquire Knowledge of emerging areas and new theorisations within the discipline.
3. To develop an appreciation for the discipline's dynamic and inclusive nature.

UNIT - I
Geography as a Discipline; Fundamental Concepts; place of geography in the Classification
ofSciences & other Disciplines; Geography as a Natural as well as Social Science.

UNIT - II
Historical Development During Ancient and Medieval Period; Contribution of Greeks, Roman, Indian,
Arabs & Renaissance.

UNIT - III
Contribution of Varenius& Immanuel Kant; Concept of Space in Geography: Material Space & Social
Space.

UNIT - IV
Modern Geographical Thoughts; Contribution of German, French, British, American school of
Thought; Founder of Geography: Humboldt, Ritter &Ratzel.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Dikshit, R. D. (2003): Geographical Thought, A Critical History of Ideas. Prentice-Hall of India, New
Delhi. (in English and Hindi).
2. Dube, B. (1967): Geographical Concepts in Ancient India, National Geographical Society of India,
Varanasi
3. Husain, Majid. (2002): Evolution of Geographical Thought, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.

Suggested Reading:
1. Ali, S.M. (1960): Arab Geography, Institute of Islamic Studies, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, First
Edition.
2. Diddee, J. (ed.) (1990): Indian Geography, Institute of Indian Geographers, Pune, first edition.
3. Hartshorne, R. (1959): Perspective on the Nature of Geography, John Murray, London
4. Harvey, D. (1969): Explanations in Geography. Arnold, London.
5. Holt-Jensen, A. (1980): Geography: Its History and Concepts. Harper and Row Publishers, London.
6. Johnston, R. and Sidaway, J.D. (2004): Geography and Geographers: Anglo-American Human
Geography Since 1945, Arnold Publishers, London.
7. Johnston, R., Gregory, D., Pratt, G., Watts, M. and Whatmore, S. (2003): The Dictionary of Human
Geography. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. 5th edition.
8. Taylor, G. (ed.) (1953): Geography in the Twentieth Century. Methuen and Company, London.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER – 16 T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : STATISTICAL METHODS IN GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course students will be able-
1. Identify basic Statistical procedure to be applied to various themes in Geography.
2. Analyze the assumptions, limitations and interpretation of statistical procedures and results.
3. Apply various statistical methods in analyzing Geographical problems

UNIT- I
Use of Data in Geography: Significance of Statistical Methods in Geography; Sources of Data,
Scales of Measurement (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio)

UNIT- II
Tabulation and Descriptive Statistics: Graphical Presentation of Data (Bar diagram, Histograms,
Frequency Curve and Cumulative Frequency Curves).

UNIT- III
Measurement of Central Tendencies (Mean, Median and Mode).

UNIT- IV
Measurement of Partitions (Deciles, Quartiles and Percentiles), Dispersion (Standard Deviation,
Variance and Coefficient of Variation).

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Bansal S C, (2020) Shodh vidhi tantra vasankhikiya Vishyan, RK Books Publication, New Delhi.
2. Kaushik, S. D. & Rawat D. S. (2018), Bhougolick Vichardharyien & Vidhi Tantra, Rastogi Publication,
Meerut.
3. Mahmood A., 1977: Statistical Methods in Geographical Studies, Concept.
4. Sharma J. P. (2019), Prayogik Bhoogol, Rastogi Publication, Meerut.
5. Sharma, PM, (2009) Bhugol Me sankhkiya Vidhyan, Rajasthan Granth Accademy, Jaipur

Suggested Reading:
1. Berry B. J. L. and Marble D. F. (eds.): Spatial Analysis – A Reader in Geography.
2. Ebdon D., 1977: Statistics in Geography: A Practical Approach.
3. Hammond P. and McCullagh P. S., 1978: Quantitative Techniques in Geography: An Introduction,
Oxford University Press.
4. King L. S., 1969: Statistical Analysis in Geography, Prentice-Hall.
5. Pal S. K., 1998: Statistics for Geoscientists, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
6. Sarkar, A. (2013) Quantitative geography: techniques and presentations. Orient Black Swan Private
Ltd., New Delhi
7. Silk J., 1979: Statistical Concepts in Geography, Allen and Unwin, London.
8. Spiegel M. R.: Statistics, Schaum's Outline Series.

WEB REFERENCES:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : PAPER – 17 T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : GEOGRAPHY OF UTTAR PRADESH
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After completion of the course students will be able-
1. To understand the geography of Uttar Pradesh
2. To understand the resource location of the State
3. To understand and evaluate the importance of Uttar Pradesh in the country

UNIT- I
Locational Set-up of Uttar Pradesh in India and its changing map. Relief and Physical Divisions and
Structure. Drainage, Soil and their Types.

UNIT- II
Spatio Temporal Trends of Agricultural production, Agricultural Productivity and crop-combination
regions, Agro-processing Industry and their problems with special reference to sugar Industry.

UNIT- III
Underground water scarcity, Depletion of forest cover and wild life.

UNIT- IV
Human Resource Development in Uttar Pradesh: Demographic and Religious composition, Sex-
ratio, Literacy and trends of urbanisation), Occupational Structure and Poverty, Planning for
sustainable Development.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Singh R. L.(ed.) (1971): India-A Regional Geography, National Geographical Society, India, Varanasi.
2. Tiwari, A. R. : Geography of Uttar Pradesh, N & T.

Suggested Reading:
1. Bansal, S. C. : Advanced Geography of India (Hindi), Meenakshi Prakashan, Meerut.
2. Despande C.D. (1992): India-A Regional Inter-Pretation ICSSR, Northern Book Centre, New Delhi.
3. Kundu A., Raza Moonis (1982): Indian Economy: The Regional Dimension, Spectrum Publishers, New
Delhi.
4. Mamoria, C. B. : Advanced Geography of India.
5. Tirtha, R. & Gopal Krishna (1966): Emerging India, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.

WEB REFERENCES:

1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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 SEMESTER – 7

PAPER : PAPER – 18 ‘A’ T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After completion of the course students will be able-
1. To understand the importance of industries in the development of the country
2. To understand the location of industries
3. To understand the hazards related to industries and its mitigation

UNIT - I
Meaning, Nature, Scope and recent development of Industrial Geography, Factor of Localization of
Industries.

UNIT - II
Distributional patterns of important Industries : Iron and Steel, Cotton Textiles, Chemicals and Petro
– Chemicals.

UNIT - III
Industrial Regions :Methods of delineating industrial regions., Degradation and Globalization,
Environmental degradation caused by industries.

UNIT - IV
Industrial hazards and occupational health., Impact of Industries on economic development., Role of
Globalization on Industrial Sector.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. S. Siddartha (2000), Econonic Geography, Theories, Process and Pattern, Kisolaya Pub. Ltd. Pantan.

Suggested Reading:
1. Alexander, J. W. (1988), Economic Geography, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
2. Alexanderson, C. (1967), Geography of Manufacturing, Prentice Hall Bombay.
3. Hoover, E. M. (1948), The Location and space Economy, McGraw Hill, New York.
4. Isard, W. (1956), Methods of Regional analysis, The Technology Press of MIT & John Wiley and Sons,
New York.
5. Miller E. A. (1962), Geography of Manufacturing, Prentice Hall, Engle woods Cliffs.
6. Weber, Alferd (1957), Theory of Location of Industries, Chicago University Press, Chicago.

WEB REFERENCES:

1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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 SEMESTER – 7

PAPER : PAPER – 18 ‘B’ T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : GEOGRAPHY OF RURAL SETTLEMENT
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After completion of the course students will be able -
1. To understand the concepts and components of urban development and management.
2. To understand and analyse the urban poverty and slums at different scales.
3. To get updated knowledge of urban infrastructure development management and urban
governance.

UNIT-I
Concept and Scope of Rural Settlement Geography; Different Approaches to study Rural
Geography.

UNIT-II
Rural Settlements: Characteristics and Pattern of Rural Settlement and their distribution with special
reference to spacing, rural house type, based on building materials, size and shape.

UNIT-III
Rural-Urban Fringe, Rural-Urban Continuum, Population growth in Rural India, Rural Population
Migration.

UNIT - IV
Critical review of Rural Development in Strategies in India. Rural Development Program and Policy.
Concept of MANREGA, NHRM, PMAY & PMGSY and its role for Rural development.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Hussain, M. (1994), Human Geography, Rawat Publication Company, New Delhi
2. R. D. Singh, Rural Settlement in Modern India.
3. Singh, R. L. et al. (ed.) (1976), Geographic Dimensions of Rural Settlement, National Geographical
Society of India, Varanasi.
4. Singh, R. Y. (1994), Geography of Settlements, Rawat Pub. Co., New Delhi.

Suggested Reading:
1. Baker (2014), The Geography of Rural Settlements.
2. Mandal, R. B. (1988), Systems of Rural Settlements in Developing Countries, Concept Publication Co.
New Delhi
3. Mishra H. N. (ed.) (1987), Contribution to Indian Geography, Volume 9, Rural Geography, Heritage Pub.
New Delhi.
4. Roberts (2011), Rural Settlement in Britain

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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 SEMESTER – 7

PAPER : PAPER – 19 ‘A’ T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course Students will be able -
1. To appreciate the active role of population geography as a distinct field of human geography.
2. To be conversant with different sources of demographic data, and well versed with debates
on population-development linkages.
3. To examine the different components of population change, its drivers, and their
consequences upon contemporary socio-economic, environmental, and political changes

UNIT- I
Nature, Scope & Development of population geography; Source & Types of Population Data:
Theories of population : Classical & Modern.

UNIT- II
Population Characteristics: Fertility & Mortality; Age & Sex Structure; Occupational Structure;
Human Resource Development & Human Development Index.

UNIT- III
World Population: Growth, Causes & Consequences; Factors Affecting population Distribution;
Migration Types & Migration Theories.

UNIT- IV
Population Resource Regions, Population Problems with special reference to India : Food, Housing,
Unemployment and Poverty, Population Policies.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Chandna, R. C. (2000) Geography of Population Kalyani publishers, New Delhi
2. Hussain Izhar (2015), Population Geography, Rawat Publication, New Delhi.
3. Mamoria, C (2018), Population Geography (Hindi), Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra.

Suggested Reading:
1. Bogue, D. J. (1969), Principles in Demography, John wiley, New York.
2. Builasborrow, Richard F. and Daniel Hogan (1999), Population and Deforestation in the Humid Tropies
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, Begium.
3. Census of India (1999), A state Profile.
4. Clark, John I, (1973), Population geography, Pergamon press, Oxford
5. Crook, Nigel (1997), Principal of Population and Development, Permon Press, New York.
6. Garnier, B. J. (1970), Geography of Population, Longman, London.
7. Mamoria, C. B. (1981), India’s Population Problems, Kitab Mahal New York.
8. Premi, M.K. (1991), India’s Population: heading Towards a Bilion, B. R Publishing Corporation.
9. Srinivasan, K. and M. Vlass (2001), Population Development Nexus in India, Chalenges for the new
Milennium, Tata McGraawHil, New Delhi.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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 SEMESTER – 7

PAPER : PAPER – 19 ‘B’ T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course Students will be able -
1. To understand and analyse the historical perspective of agriculture.
2. To analyse the agriculture development and productivity and its impacts on various sectors
3. To get updated knowledge of contemporary issues and strategies.

UNIT- I
Meaning, & Scope of Agriculture Geography; Basic Concepts & Approaches to the study of
Agriculture Geography.

UNIT- II
Determinants of Agricultural Land Use, Intensity of Cropping; Diversification; Efficiency &
Productivity; Crop Combination Regions of India.

UNIT- III
Theories of Agricultural Location : Von Thunen’s Theory of Agricultural Location & its Recent
Modifications; Whittlessey’s Classification of Agriculture Regions.

UNIT- IV
Green Revolution, White Revolution& Blue Revolution in India, Specific problems in Indian
Agriculture & their Management, Agricultural Policy of India.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Mohammad, N. (1992), New Dimension in Agriculture Geography, Vol. I to VIII, Concept

Suggested Reading:

1. Bryant, C.R., Johnston, T.R. 1992. Agriculture in the City Countryside, Belhaven Press, London.
2. Burch, D., Gross, J. and Lawrence, G. (eds.), 1999. Restructuring Global and Regional Agriculture,
Ashgate Publishing Company, Burlington.
3. Cakmak, I. and Welch, R. M. (eds), 2009. Impacts of agriculture on Human Health and Nutrition,
EOLSS Publications, UK.
4. Ferroni, Marco, 2013. Transforming Indian agriculture- India 2040: Productivity, Markets and
5. Grigg, D.B. 1984. Introduction to Agricultural Geography, Hutchinson, London.
6. Institutions, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
7. Mohammad, N. and Rai, S.C. 2014. Agricultural Diversification and Food Security in the
8. Mountain Ecosystem, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
9. Publishing Company, New Delhi.
10. Roling, N.G., and Wageruters, M.A.E. (eds.) 1998. Facilitating Sustainable Agriculture, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : MAJOR PROJECT
CREDIT : 24
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course Students will be able -
1. To understand the details of research in geography
2. To Write the research report
3. To prepare for higher studies in geography

COURSE CONTENT
1. The students of B. A. Geography Semester may have to be selected a specific theme/topic for
a Project work. The students may select some of the following themes for their project.
a. Land-use / Land cover Analysis
b. Water sources
c. Climatic Change
d. Settlement Studies
e. Agriculture Studies
f. Health studies
g. Vegetation Studies
2. GIS, GPS & RS methods have to be used with appropriate primary and secondary data.
3. The students should follow the research guidelines by reading Research Methodology before
taking up the Project work.
4. The project should no cross 50 pages including photos, references and tables.
5. Project work must include quality maps, diagrams and flowcharts.
6. The project report should include followings:
a. Title of the project
b. Introduction
c. Review of Literature
d. Study Area
e. Data sources
f. Main Objective
g. Materials and methods
h. Results & Discussion
i. Conclusion
j. Photos
k. References

REFERENCES:
Text Book:
1. Kothari C. R. (1996) : Research Methods, Vishwas Prakashan, New Delhi.
2. Misra R. P. (1991) : Research Methodology in Geography, Concept Publication, New Delhi.

Suggested Reading:
1. Archer J. E. & Dalton T.H. (1968) : The fields work in Geography, E. T. Batsford Ltd., London.
2. Haring, Lloyed (1975) : Scientific Geographic Research W. C. Brow Company USA.
3. Johnes, P.A. (2008) : Field work in Geography, Longman.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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PAPER : CC/VC T___ / P ___

TITLE OF THE PAPER : RESEARCH METHODLOGY
CREDIT : 4
COURSE OUTCOME :
After Completion of the Course Students will be able -

1. The students will be able to understand basic concepts of field research methods and
research design in geography.
2. The students will be able to do field work through practical experience and get skills of data
collection methods and processing and analysis of obtained data.
3. The students will be able to write dissertation based on field work on given topic

COURSE CONTENT

UNIT - I
Introduction to Geographical Research: Concept, Significance, Types and Approaches to
Research in Geography; Literature Review; Research Ethics; Limitations.

UNIT - II
Research Design: Steps, Identification and formulation of Research Problem; Research
questions; Aims and Objectives

UNIT - III
Data Sources and Methods of Data Collection and Data Analysis: Nature of Data: qualitative and
quantitative.

UNIT - IV
Interpretation of Data and Paper Writing – Layout of a Research Paper, Journals in Geography,
Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism, Referencing style.

REFERENCES:

Text Book:
1. Kothari C. R. (1996) : Research Methods, Vishwas Prakashan, New Delhi.
2. Misra R. P. (1991) : Research Methodology in Geography, Concept Publication, New Delhi.

Suggested Reading:
1. Black, James A. and Champion, D.J. 1976. Methods and Issues in Social Research, John Wiley and
Sons, New York.
2. Bonnett, Alastai, R. 2008. What Is Geography? Sage, London.
3. Creswell, J. W. 2009. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches,
Sage, California, USA
4. Gopal, Krishan and Singh, Nina, 2016. Researching Geography: The Indian Context. Routledge, Delhi.
5. Harris, C. 2001. Archival Fieldwork, Geographical Review, 91 (1-2), 328-334
6. Hart, C. 1999. Doing Literature Review: Releasing the Social Science Research Imagination, Sage,
London.

Web References:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs50/preview
2. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=17
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hU7BNOw8T8&list=PLNsppmbLKJ8L5Z-moeR6jx6PaSMceruzW
4. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/geography-(316).aspx

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