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Basic Structure of An HTML Document

An HTML document consists of a DOCTYPE declaration, a head section containing metadata and scripts, and a body section displaying the actual content. Key constructs include elements, attributes, and entities, while important tags include <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>. Formatting tags are used to change text appearance, and an example of a basic HTML structure is provided.

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22 views4 pages

Basic Structure of An HTML Document

An HTML document consists of a DOCTYPE declaration, a head section containing metadata and scripts, and a body section displaying the actual content. Key constructs include elements, attributes, and entities, while important tags include <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>. Formatting tags are used to change text appearance, and an example of a basic HTML structure is provided.

Uploaded by

tharshiniapr26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Structure of an HTML Document

An HTML document is made up of different tags that define how the web page looks and
behaves.

1. DOCTYPE Declaration

• Declares the type and version of HTML.

• Tells the browser how to render the page.

• Example:

o HTML5: <!DOCTYPE html>

o HTML 4.01 and XHTML have longer declarations.

• Not case sensitive (<!DOCTYPE html> = <!Doctype Html>).

2. Main Parts of HTML Document

Every HTML page has two main sections:

1. Head Section

o Contains meta information, styles, and scripts.

o Does not display on the browser screen.

o Common tags inside <head>:

▪ <title> → Defines page title (shown on browser tab).

▪ <style> → CSS styles.

▪ <script> → JavaScript codes.

▪ <link> → Connects external CSS or files.

▪ <base> → Base URL of the page.

2. Body Section

o Displays actual content on the screen.

o Can contain text, images, links, tables, forms, etc.

o Example:

o <body bgcolor="yellow">

o <h1>Welcome</h1>

o </body>

3. HTML Constructs
HTML has three basic constructs:

1. Elements (Tags)

o Written inside angle brackets < >.

o Most come in pairs: <p> ... </p>.

o Example: <b>Welcome</b> → Bold text.

2. Attributes

o Provide extra information about elements.

o Written as name="value" inside the start tag.

o Example: <font color="red" size="5">Text</font>.

3. Entities

o Special codes to display reserved characters.

o Example:

▪ < → &lt;

▪ > → &gt;

▪ & → &amp;

▪ Space → &nbsp;

4. Important Document Tags

• <html> → Root of HTML document.

• <head> → Contains title, CSS, JS.

• <title> → Page title.

• <body> → All visible content.

5. Formatting Tags

Used to change the look of text.

Tag Function Example

<b> Bold text <b>Hello</b>

<i> Italic text <i>Hello</i>

<u> Underlined text <u>Hello</u>

<big> Bigger text <big>Hello</big>


Tag Function Example

<small> Smaller text <small>Hello</small>

<s> or <strike> Strike-through <s>Hello</s>

<sub> Subscript H<sub>2</sub>O

<sup> Superscript x<sup>2</sup>

<font> Change font, size, color <font color="blue">Hi</font>

<br> Line break Hello<br>World

<center> Center text <center>Hello</center>

<em> Emphasized text <em>Hello</em>

<mark> Highlighted text <mark>Hello</mark>

<del> Deleted text <del>Hello</del>

<ins> Inserted text <ins>Hello</ins>

<hr> Horizontal line <hr color="red">

<h1>…<h6> Headings <h1>Main Title</h1>

<p> Paragraph <p align="center">Text</p>

<pre> Preformatted text <pre>line 1\nline 2</pre>

<span> Inline styling <span style="color:red;">Text</span>

6. Example Program

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>My First Page</title>

</head>

<body bgcolor="yellow">

<center>

<h1>Welcome to HTML 5</h1>

<p>This is <b>bold</b> and <i>italic</i> text.</p>

<hr color="blue">
</center>

</body>

</html>

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