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Java Cheat Sheet

This document is a Java Quick Cheat Sheet for interviews, covering key concepts such as Java's definition, history, features, and core components like JDK, JRE, and JVM. It also includes information on Java versions, data types, compilation, and important rules regarding variables, constants, and operators. Additionally, it provides tips and examples to help understand Java's syntax and common pitfalls.

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sahil dhawale
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42 views2 pages

Java Cheat Sheet

This document is a Java Quick Cheat Sheet for interviews, covering key concepts such as Java's definition, history, features, and core components like JDK, JRE, and JVM. It also includes information on Java versions, data types, compilation, and important rules regarding variables, constants, and operators. Additionally, it provides tips and examples to help understand Java's syntax and common pitfalls.

Uploaded by

sahil dhawale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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■ Java Quick Cheat Sheet for Interviews

1. What is Java?
- High-level, OOP, platform-independent language (WORA).
- Compiled to bytecode, runs on JVM.
Interview Tip: "Java is both compiled and interpreted."

2. History of Java
- Developed by Sun Microsystems (1991), James Gosling.
- Initially "Oak", renamed Java in 1995.
- Oracle owns Java now.

3. Features of Java
- Simple, Object-Oriented, Platform Independent.
- Robust, Secure, Multithreaded, Distributed, Portable.

4. JDK, JRE, JVM


- JVM: Runs bytecode.
- JRE: JVM + libraries.
- JDK: JRE + compilers, tools.
Tip: JVM is platform-dependent, bytecode is platform-independent.

5. Java Versions
- LTS: 8, 11, 17, 21.
- Features: Lambda (8), Modules (9), Switch Expr (12), Records (14), Pattern Matching (16+).

6. JAVA_HOME & Path


- JAVA_HOME → JDK installation dir.
- PATH → add bin dir for javac/java.

7. Compilation
- Source (.java) → javac → Bytecode (.class).
- JVM executes via JIT.

8. First Java Program


public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}

9. Data Types
- Primitive (byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean).
- Default values: int=0, float=0.0f, boolean=false, object=null.
Rule: char stores UTF-16.

10. Multiple Classes in File


- Only one public class allowed, filename must match.

11. Type Casting


- Widening: auto (int→long).
- Narrowing: explicit (double→int).
Rule: byte+byte → int.

12. Tokens
- Identifiers, Keywords, Literals, Operators, Separators.

13. Variables
- Local, Instance, Static.
Tip: Uninitialized local vars → compile error.

14. Constants / final


- final variable = constant.
- final method = no override.
- final class = no extend.

15. Identifiers
- Rules: letters, digits, _, $, not start with digit, not keyword.
- Case-sensitive.
- Conventions: Class=PascalCase, var=camelCase, CONST=UPPERCASE.

16. Keywords
- 67 reserved words (public, static, void, class, return, etc).
Tip: true/false/null are literals, not keywords.

17. Operators (Cheat Sheet)


- Arithmetic: + - * / %
- Unary: ++ -- + - ! ~
- Assignment: =, +=, -=, etc.
- Relational: < > <= >=
- Equality: == !=
- Logical: && || !
- Bitwise: & | ^ ~ << >> >>>
- Ternary: ? :
- instanceof

Special Rules:
- int/0 → ArithmeticException; double/0.0 → Infinity/NaN.
- % sign follows dividend.
- byte+byte → int (needs cast).
- b += 1 compiles (auto-cast), b = b+1 fails.
- NaN != NaN, NaN == NaN is false.
- Integer caching: -128..127 reused.
- Shift counts masked (int: mod 32, long: mod 64).
- ~x = -x - 1.
- &&/|| short-circuit, &/| always evaluate.

Example Traps:
int i=1; i = i++ + ++i; // i=4
System.out.println("a"+1+2); // a12
System.out.println("a"+(1+2)); // a3

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