Topic : Scapulohumeral rhythm
▎ Introduction
Scapulohumeral rhythm (also referred to as glenohumeral rhythm) is the kinematic interaction between the
scapula and the humerus.
This interaction is important for the optimal function of the shoulder.
When there is a change of the normal position of the scapula in relation to the humerus, this can cause
dysfunction of the scapulohumeral rhythm. The change of the normal position is also called scapular
dyskinesia.
▎ The interplay of 4 articulations of the shoulder complex.
● Sternoclavicular Joint
● Acromioclavicular Joint
● Scapulothoracic Joint
● Glenohumeral Joint)
▎ Scapulohumeral rhythm
The coordinated motion of the scapula and humerus experienced during shoulder movement and motion
that has been traditionally viewed as occurring at a ratio of 2:1 (2 degrees of humeral flexion/abduction to 1
degree of scapular upward rotation).
In the first phase of 30° of elevation through abduction, the scapula is said to be “setting.” This setting
phase means that the scapula may rotate slightly in, rotate slightly out, or not move at all. Thus, there is no
2 : 1 ratio of movement during this phase.
The angle between the scapular spine and the clavicle may also increase up to 5° by elevating at the
sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints, but this depends on whether the scapula moves during this
phase.
The clavicle rotates minimally during this stage
During the next 60° of elevation (second phase), the scapula rotates upward (inferior angle moves out)
about 20°, and the humerus elevates 40° with minimal protraction or elevation of the scapula. Thus, there is
a 2 : 1 ratio of scapulohumeral movement.
During phase 2, the clavicle elevates because of the scapular rotation and begins to posteriorly rotate.
During the second and third phase, the rotation of the scapula (total: 60°) is possible because there is 20° of
motion at theacromioclavicular joint and 40° at the sternoclavicular joint.
During the final 90° of motion (third phase), the 2 : 1 ratio of scapulohumeral movement continues, and the
angle between the scapular spine and the clavicle increases an additional 10°.
▎ Purpose of Scapulohumeral Rhythm
● It allows the glenoid fossa to maintain a good position for the
various movements of the head of the humerus.
● It preserves the length-tension relationships of the glenohumeral muscles; the muscles do not shorten as
much as they would without the scapula's upward rotation, and so can sustain their force production
through a larger portion of the range of motion.
● Prevents impingement between the humerus and the acromion by
moving glenoid.
▎ Scapular plan
It's important because it's where the shoulder joint is most stable and where the muscles of the rotator cuff
can function most effectively.
It's important in scapulohumeral rhythm because it represents the natural, or "resting," position of the
scapula when the arm is elevated.
Thank You !
presented By Sarita Chauhan
