LÀNG LUYỆN THI KONOHA – 0345885193

Cơ sở 1 – Số 27 Ngõ 128 Sài Đồng – Cơ sở 2 – Số 245 Lâm Du Bồ Đề

Unit 7: Environmental protection

B. GRAMMAR:
I. Complex sentences with adverb clauses of time. (Câu phức với mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.)
1. Complex sentence (câu phức)
a. Định nghĩa: là câu có một mệnh đề độc lập và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc. Mệnh đề độc lập trong
câu là mệnh đề chính. Câu phức được sử dụng khi ta cần bổ sung thông tin để giải thích hoặc sửa đổi ý của
mệnh đề chính trong câu.
b. Ví dụ:
Ex1: I took my dog to the vet because he was feeling sick.
(Tôi đưa con chó của tôi đến bác sĩ thú y vì nó đang ốm.)
⇨ Mệnh đề chính: “I took my dog to the vet, mệnh đề phụ:” he was feeling sick” bổ nghĩa lý do tại sao”
tôi” phải đưa chó của mình đi khám.”
2. An adverb clause ( mệnh đề trạng ngữ)
a. Định nghĩa: Là mệnh đề có chức năng ngữ pháp của một trạng ngữ (bổ nghĩa cho một mệnh đề khác).
Các mệnh đề trạng ngữ được gọi là mệnh đề phụ (là những mệnh đề không diễn tả được một ý trọn vẹn và
không thể đứng độc lập.)
b. Ví dụ:
Ex: When I finish studying, I will go abroad. ( Khi tôi học xong, tôi sẽ ra nước ngoài.)
⇨ Nếu chỉ để mệnh đề trạng ngữ” When I finish studying”, thì câu sẽ không rõ nghĩa.
3. An adverb clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
c. Định nghĩa: là những mệnh đề bắt đầu bởi các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: while (trong khi, trong lúc),
when (vào lúc, khi), one, as soon as (ngay khi mà), till, until (cho đến khi), by the time, before (trước khi), after
(sau khi), since (kể từ khi), as long as, so long as ( chừng nào mà),…
d. Ví dụ:
Ex1: When Mark was 13 years old, he went to Korea.
(Khi Mark 13 tuổi, anh ấy đã đến Hàn Quốc.)
Ex2: I will phone you as soon as I finish my work.
(Tôi sẽ gọi cho bạn ngay khi tôi hoàn tất công việc của mình.)
Ex3: My father was talking on the phone while my mother was helping my sister with her homework.
(Bố tôi đang nói chuyện điện thoại trong khi mẹ tôi đang giúp em gái làm bài tập về nhà.)
e. Vị trí của mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian có thể được đặt ở đầu câu hoặc cuối câu. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời
gian đặt đầu câu sẽ được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
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 LÀNG LUYỆN THI KONOHA – 0345885193
Cơ sở 1 – Số 27 Ngõ 128 Sài Đồng – Cơ sở 2 – Số 245 Lâm Du Bồ Đề

Ex1: When Jennie was in Paris, she attended Paris Fashion Week.
(Khi Jennie đến Paris, cô ấy đã tham dự Tuần Lễ Thời Trang Paris.)
Ex2: He’ll wait here until she comes back. ( Anh ấy sẽ đợi ở đây cho đến khi cô ấy quay lại.)
f. Cách phối hợp động từ ở mệnh đề chính với trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
● Thì hiện tại đơn

Main clause Conjunctions Adverb clause of time

when
after
S + V (s.future)/be going to before S + V (simple present)
as soon as
until

Examples:
- Andy will come soon. When he comes, we’ll see him.
- We’ll be able to leave for the station as soon as the bus arrives.
- Lisa will go to bed after she finishes her homework.
● Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Main clause conjunctions Adverb clause of time

S + V (s.future)/be going to after S + V (present perfect)

Examples:
- John will go home after he has finished his work.
- Lan will work for her uncle’s company after she has graduated from college.

● Thì quá khứ đơn

Main clause Conjunctions Adverb clause of time

when
until
S + V (simple past) as soon as S + V (simple past)
before
after

Examples:
- He said goodbye before he left.

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 LÀNG LUYỆN THI KONOHA – 0345885193
Cơ sở 1 – Số 27 Ngõ 128 Sài Đồng – Cơ sở 2 – Số 245 Lâm Du Bồ Đề

- My father went home as soon as he finished work at the office.

- She cried after she received that award.

Main clause Conjunctions Adverb clause of time

S + V (past continuous) when S + V (simple past)

Examples:
- Lily was talking on the phone when Linda came.
- They were having dinner when he arrived.

Main clause Conjunctions Adverb clause of time

S + V (present perfect) since S + V (simple past)

Examples:
- I have played badminton since 7 years ago.
- They haven’t met Bob since we left school.

Main clause Conjunctions Adverb clause of time

S + V (past perfect) by the time S + V(simple past)

before

Examples:
- He had explained everything clearly by the time we started our project.
- I had left before he came.
● Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

Main clause Conjunctions Adverb clause of time

S + V (past continuous) while S + V(past continuous)

Examples:
- I was reading a book while my mother was cooking dinner.
- Peter and I were doing our homework while Alex and my brother were playing chess.

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 LÀNG LUYỆN THI KONOHA – 0345885193
Cơ sở 1 – Số 27 Ngõ 128 Sài Đồng – Cơ sở 2 – Số 245 Lâm Du Bồ Đề

Exercise 1. Complete the correct answer A ,B ,C or D.

1. The air becomes polluted ________ we release too much carbon dioxide into it.
A. before B. while C. until D. when
2. How long did the villagers have to wait ________ the rescue team arrived?
A. while B. before C. after D. as soon as
3. ________ my family applied the Save Our Energy rules, our monthly use of electricitywent down.
A. Until B. After C. While D. Till
4. You can’t camp here ________ you get a permit from the local authorities.
A. until B. when C. after D. as soon as
5. ________ we put dustbins in public places, we saw the difference. There was muchless littering.
A. While B. As soon as C. Till D. Before
6. Toxic waste from nuclear plants is hazardous to the environment. What is the closest word of the underlined
word?
A. troublesome B. poisonous C. grievous D. panic
7. Many wildlife animals are highly endangered these days. What is the opposite word of the underlined
word?
A. at risk B. recommended C. safe D. expensive
8. I will call you before I _______ over.
A. come B. will come C. will be coming D. came
9. After she graduates, she ________ a job.
A. got B. will get C. had got D. get
10. When I ________ him tomorrow, I will ask him.
A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. see
11. As soon as it _______ raining, we will leave.
A. stops B. stop C. had stop D. stopped
Exercise 2. Complete the sentences using the Simple Future tense form of the verbs.
1. While I (study) _______________for my exam, my roommate was playing music loudly in the next room.
2. After I (complete) ______________ my work, I will go for a relaxing walk in the park.
3. As soon as the taxi (arrive) _____________, they will be able to leave for the airport.
4. Lan and Mai will go to bed after they (finish) ___________their work.
5. Ken is going to wait right here until Jessica (come) ____________.
6. The last time that I went to Korea, I (visit) ____________ Namsan Tower.
7. Bill will get home at 5:30. After he gets home, I (have) ____________ dinner.
8. As soon as he finished the article, he (punish) _______________ it.

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 LÀNG LUYỆN THI KONOHA – 0345885193
Cơ sở 1 – Số 27 Ngõ 128 Sài Đồng – Cơ sở 2 – Số 245 Lâm Du Bồ Đề

9. While I was going to school, I (meet)___________ my friend.

10. I (work) _____________ here since I graduated
Exercise 3.Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
1. (Before / When / While) she is ready, we will leave.
2. I’ll send you a text message (until / as soon as / before) I hear from Nam.
3. (Before / After / While) she goes, she will turn off all the computers.
4. I’ll go online (while / as soon as / until) I get home.
5. (After /Before/ While) we receive your confirmation email, we will send you a link to download the
programme.
6. I have to wait (while / before / until) my mum comes home.
7. (Before / Until / When) Mr. Tan phones, please let me know.
8. Let’s play with the children (after / until / while) it is time to go.
9. He will send them an email (before/ until / as soon as) he arrives in London.
10. I will give you my reply (before / by / this time) I leave this afternoon
11. I’ll stay here (while / before/ until) Jack gets back and we’ll go together.
12. (When / Before / Until) you read his stories, you know that he’s a good writer.
13. You are too young to understand. I will explain it to you (when / before / while) you are older.
14. The children will want to go swimming (before / as soon as / until) they see the river.
15. The plane won’t take off (after / until / while) the clouds go off.
16. He will give you a job (when / before / until) you have enough qualifications.
17. I will finish my homework (before / until / as soon as) my father arrives home late this evening.
18. I will do the next task (as soon as / before / by the time) I have finished the first one.
19. Mother to her son: I won’t let you watch TV (before / when / until) you finish your homework.
20. He usually surfs the Internet on his smartphone (before / after / while) he is waiting for the bus.
Exercise 4. Use the connector provided at the end of each group of sentences to combine them into one.
1. Everybody in the Green Team was present. We started cleaning the beach. (when)
 ___________________________________________________________________
2. You are brushing your teeth. Don’t let the water run. (while)
 __________________________________________________________________
3. The fire brigade got the news of the forest fire. They came. (as soon as)
 ___________________________________________________________________
4. We picked up all the litter in the stadium. The stadium was clean. (until)
 ____________________________________________________________________
5. He turned off all the lights and electric devices. He left the house. (before)

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 LÀNG LUYỆN THI KONOHA – 0345885193
Cơ sở 1 – Số 27 Ngõ 128 Sài Đồng – Cơ sở 2 – Số 245 Lâm Du Bồ Đề

 ____________________________________________________________________
6. Phong was in New York. He stayed with his cousin. (when)
 ____________________________________________________________________
7. We must join hands to save our environment. It’s too late! (before)
 ____________________________________________________________________
8. Hoa heard the news about the disaster. She phoned to tell me. (As soon as)
 ____________________________________________________________________
9. He realised he didn’t have enough cash with him. He didn’t buy the suit. (When)
 ___________________________________________________________________
10. At 4 p.m. yesterday, my mother was cleaning the house. I was looking after myyounger brother. (while)
 ___________________________________________________________________
11. You are in Ha Noi again. You must come and see us then. (when)
 ___________________________________________________________________
12. He finds somewhere to live. Then he’ll give his parents the address. (when)
 ___________________________________________________________________
13. I do the shopping. Then I will come back home. (after)
 __________________________________________________________________
14. It starts raining. Let’s go home before that. (before)
 ___________________________________________________________________
15. She must apologise to him first. He won’t speak to her until then. (until)
 __________________________________________________________________
16. You leave. I will make you a cup of tea. (before)
 __________________________________________________________________
17. She will stay at her aunt’s house. She is London. (while)
 __________________________________________________________________
18. He has read the newspaper. I will borrow it from him. (as soon as)
 ____________________________________________________________________
19. I have decided the issue. I will let you know. (when)
 __________________________________________________________________
20. They have built a new road. The traffic will be better. (when)

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 LÀNG LUYỆN THI KONOHA – 0345885193
Cơ sở 1 – Số 27 Ngõ 128 Sài Đồng – Cơ sở 2 – Số 245 Lâm Du Bồ Đề

Exercise 5. Match the clauses in the two columns to form complex sentences.

1. I'll phone you when A. when you see him - he looks so different.

2. I want to see Mai B. when she got the job.

3. I'll tell you about our holiday C. when someone phones me.

4. You won’t recognise him D. when I come back.

5. We must do something before E. until the weather is nice.

6. You’ll feel better F. I get home from school.

7. I felt surprised G. until you are ready - 1 can’t go without you.

8. We have to wait here H. before she goes out.

9. Take a message I. it is too late.

10. I will wait J. when you have had something to eat.

● Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.


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