Department of EL DSP Lab Manual

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology

for Divyangjan, U.P.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Laboratory Manual

Course : Digital Signal Processing Lab

Course Code : BEC-553
Year and Semester : III [Link] 5 Semester
Academic Year : 2025-2026

Name of the Student : Devesh Kumar

Roll Number : 2301660300024

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, U.P. 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab
INSTITUTE VISION AND MISION

VISION:
To be an Institution of excellence in Engineering, Research, and Innovation to produce skilled
and trained manpower (normal & Divyang) of the high quality imbibing human values.
MISSION:
1. To create environment for facilitating the global vision of inclusive education that
inculcate values of equality and brotherhood among students.
2. To prepare all students for successful careers based on strong technical knowledge, skill,
human and ethical values.
3. To develop unique culture that instills responsibility and accountability in relationship with
family, society and environment/nature.
4. To create state of art education labs for providing facilities to Divyang students.
5. To start post graduate programs for developing R&D activities in the institute.

DEPARTMENT VISION AND MISSION

VISION:
To prepare competent Electronics Engineering who can effectively contribute towards
building harmonious society by providing environment friendly technological solutions .

MISSION:

 M1: To provide state of the art technical education to the students.

 M2: To groom students with leadership, transparency, accountability and professional

ethics.

 M3: To upgrade the faculty and supporting staff to enhance their knowledge through
relevant pedagogical activities.

 M4: To develop labs to impart state of the art practical knowledge to students.

 M5: To provide inclusive education environment for students to make them proficient for
higher education and industry.

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

1. Introduction to MATLAB and or Open Source Software, Scilab (Using Spoken

Tutorial MOOCs).
2. Write a Program for the generation of basic signals such as unit impulse, unit step,
ramp, exponential, sinusoidal and cosine.
3. Implement IIR Butterworth analog Low Pass for a 4 KHz cut off frequency.
4. Verify Blackman and Hamming windowing techniques.
5. Evaluate 4-point DFT of and IDFT of x(n) = 1, 0 ≤ n ≤ 3; 0 elsewhere.
6. Verify Linear convolution of two sequences using FFT
7. Verify Circular Convolution of two sequences using FFT.
8. To verify FFT as sample interpolator.
9. To implement Tone Generation.
10. To implement floating point arithmetic.
11. To study about DSP Processors and architecture of TMS320C6713 DSP processor.
12. VIRTUAL Lab by NME-ICT available at: (Through Virtual Lab)
a) Study of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its inverse.
b) Study of FIR filter design using window method: Lowpass and highpass filter.
c) Study of FIR filter design using window method: Bandpass and Bandstop filter.
d) Study of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter.

Virtual Lab Link: [Link] [Link]

Available on: [Link]

Spoken Tutorial (MOOCs):

Spoken Tutorial MOOCs, ' Course on Scilab', IIT Bombay ([Link]

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Create and visualize various discrete/digital signals using MATLAB/Scilab.
2. Implement and test the basic operations of Signal processing.
3. Examine and analyse the spectral parameters of window functions.
4. Design IIR and FIR filters for band pass, band stop, low pass and high pass filters.
5. Design the signal processing algorithms using MATLAB/Scilab.

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab

INDEx
Remarks
[Link] Name of the Experiment Date Signature
/ Grade

Introduction to MATLAB and or Open Source Software Scilab

1 25/08/2025
(Using Spoken Tutorial MOOCs).
Write a Program for the generation of basic signals such as unit
2 impulse, unit step, ramp, exponential, sinusoidal and cosine. 01/09/2025

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab
Experiment No: 1 Date: 25/08/2025
Introduction to MATLAB and or Open Source Software, Scilab (Using Spoken Tutorial
MOOCs).
Aim: To get basic knowledge of MATLAB and or Scilab, and understand their use in engineering
applications.

Apparatus Required: PC with MATLAB software

Theory:

MATLAB:-

MATLAB(Matrix Laboratory) is a high-level programming language and environment developed

MATLAB by MathWorks, primarily used for numerical computing, simulations, data analysis, and
algorithm development. Key features include:

 Matrix-based computation

 Built-in graphics for data visualization

 Toolboxes for control systems, image processing, machine learning, etc.

Scilab:-

Scilab is an open-source alternative to MATLAB, used for numerical computations. It

provides:

 Similar syntax to MATLAB

 Capabilities for signal processing, statistics, control systems, etc.

 Cost-effective option for academic and research purposes

Spoken Tutorial MOOCs:-

These are self-paced video tutorials created by IIT Bombay to promote IT literacy in open
source software. They include:

 Video lectures

 Quizzes and assignments tests

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab
Program:-
Matlab program

% Define a matrix
A = [1 2; 3 4];
% Find the inverse
inv_A = inv(A);
% Display result
disp('Inverse of matrix A:');
disp(inv_A);

Scilab
// Scilab equivalent
A = [1 2; 3 4];
inv_A = inv(A);
disp("Inverse of matrix A:");
disp(inv_A);

observations:

 Basic commands and syntax were similar between

MATLAB and Scilab.

 Scilab provided a free and open-source alternative with

comparable functionality.

 Spoken Tutorial provided an effective method to learn

software tools independently.

Result:-

 Understood the user interface and basic operations of

MATLAB/ Scilab.

 Gained hands-on experience through video-based

learning via Spoken Tutorials.

 Completed basic exercises and observed outputs.

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab
Sample Questions:
1. What is MATLAB? Enumerate its primary attributes.
2. What is Scilab? What distinguishes it from MATLAB?
3. How important is it to use MOOCs with spoken tutorials for learning software?
4. Create a 3×3 identity matrix by writing the command in MATLAB/Scilab.
5. In MATLAB/Scilab, how do you plot a sine wave?
6. Describe the distinction between MATLAB/Scilab's = and == operations.
7. In MATLAB, what are M-files? What is Scilab's equivalent of them?

Answer 1:- MATLAB (short for MATrix LABoratory) is a high-level programming

language and computing environment developed by MathWorks, used for
numerical computation, data analysis, visualization, and algorithm
development.

Primary Attributes of MATLAB:

1. Matrix-Based Language – Everything is treated as a matrix, making it ideal

for mathematical operations.
2. **Built-in Toolboxes** – Offers specialized toolboxes for control systems,
signal processing, machine learning, etc.
3. **High-Quality Visualization** – Easy creation of 2D/3D plots and
interactive graphics.
4. **Simulink Integration** – Allows simulation and modeling of dynamic
systems visually.

Answer 2:-Scilab is an open-source software used for numerical computation, similar

to MATLAB, widely used in engineering and scientific applications.
It is free to use and supports matrix operations, simulations, and data
visualization.
Unlike MATLAB, Scilab is open-source and has some differences in syntax
and toolbox availability.

Answer 3:-Using MOOCs with Spoken Tutorials is highly beneficial for self-paced
and structured learning.
They provide step-by-step video instructions, making complex software tools
easier to understand.
These resources are especially useful for beginners and promote learning in
regional languages.

Answer 6:-MATLAB is a proprietary software with extensive toolboxes and industry

support, while Scilab is a free, open-source alternative.
MATLAB offers more advanced features and smoother integration with
hardware and third-party tools.
Scilab may differ slightly in syntax and function names but is suitable for
academic and research purposes.

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab

Answer 7:-In MATLAB, M-files are script or function files with a `.m` extension that
contain a sequence of MATLAB commands.
They are used to write reusable code, perform computations, and define
functions.
There are two types: script M-files (no input/output) and function M-files (with
input/output).
In Scilab, the equivalent is Scilab script files with a `.sci` extension.
Functions in Scilab can also be saved using `.sci` or `.sce` files for
execution and reuse.

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab

Experiment No: 2 Date: 01/09/2025

Write a Program for the generation of basic signals such as unit impulse, unit step, ramp,
exponential, sinusoidal and cosine.

Aim: To generate basic signals – unit impulse, unit step, ramp, exponential, sine, and cosine

Apparatus Required: PC with MATLAB software.

Theory:

1-Unit impulse function:-

The unit impulse function, often denoted as δ(t) (Dirac delta function), is a mathematical
function defined as:

Definition:

Program:-

clc;
clear ;
close all;
N = input('no of samples');
x=-N:1:N;
y = [ zeros(1,N) 1 zeros(1,N)];
stem(x,y)
xlabel('Time (t)');
ylabel(' amplitude');
title('unit impulse function');

Ouput:-

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab
2-Unit step function:-
Definition:

Program:
clc;
clear ;
close all;
N = input('no of samples');
x=-N:1:N;
y = [ zeros(1,N) 1 ones(1,N)];
stem(x,y);
xlabel('Time (t)');
ylabel(' amplitude');
title(['unit step function']

Ouput:

3-Ramp function:-

Definition:

Program:
clc;
clear ;
close all;
N = input('no of samples');
x=-N:1:N;
y = [ zeros(1,N), 0:N];
stem(x,y)
xlabel('Time (t)');
ylabel(' amplitude');
title(['unit ramp function']);

Ouput:-

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab

4-Sine function:
x[n]=sin(ωn)

program: clc;
clear ;
close all;
N = input('no of samples');
x=-N:0.01:N;
y =sin(x);
stem(x,y);
xlabel('Time (t)');
ylabel(' amplitude');
title(['sine function']);

Ouput:

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
5-Cos function:- Lab
x[n]=cos(ωn)

program: clc;
clear ;
close all;
N = input('no of samples');
x=-N:0.01:N;
y =cos(x);
stem(x,y);
xlabel('Time (t)');
ylabel(' amplitude');
title(['cos function']);

Ouput:

6-Exponential function:-
Definition:
x[n]=a^n
a is a constant (real or complex).
n is an integer (discrete time index)

Program:
clc;
clear;
close all;
N = input('Enter number of samples: ');
a = input('Enter the base value (a): ');
n = -N:1:N;
y = a.^n;
stem(n, y);
xlabel('Time (n)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Discrete-Time Exponential Function');

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab
Ouput:-

Result:-
In this practical, MATLAB was used to generate and plot various basic discrete-time signals
including unit impulse, unit step, ramp, exponential, sine, and cosine signals.
Each signal was successfully visualized using stem plots, confirming their expected mathematical behavior.

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab

Sample Questions:
[Link] the unit impulse δ[n]. Write its properties.
[Link] u[n]. Sketch u[n], u[n–3], u[–n].
[Link] the step functions for a finite-duration sequence (for example, a rectangular pulse
from n=0 to n=4).
[Link] whether x[n]=(0.9)nu[n] is energy or power.
[Link] that a discrete sinusoid is always a power signal and not an energy signal.

Answer:-1 The unit impulse, denoted by δ[n], is a discrete-time signal defined as:

Property:-….

Answer 2:- Define u[n]. Sketch u[n], u[n–3], u[–n].

u[n]:- u[-n] u[n-3]:-

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Answer 4:- Lab

Finite energy → This is an energy signal

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab

Experiment No: 3 Date:

Evaluate 4-point DFT of and IDFT of x()=1, 0≤n≤3; 0 elsewhere.

Aim: To compute the Discrete Fourier Transform and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform of a
given sequence.

Apparatus Required: PC with MATLAB software.

Flow Chart:

Start

Enter the
input
sequence

Find the length

of the sequence
(L)

Enter the N
point
DFT

No Yes

Pad zeros to the input

Error N>=L sequence

Perform DFT &

IDFT

Stop

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab
Theory:

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab

Procedure:
1. Input the given sequence x[n]
2. Find the length of the input sequence.
3. Enter the length of DFT sequence required.
4. If the length of given sequence is less than the length of DFT
required, Implement zero padding.
5. Compute the Discrete Fourier Transform using Direct formula and obtain X[k]
6. Compute the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform using Direct formula
and obtain x[n]
7. Display the results.

Program:

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26

 Department of EL Digital Signal Processing
Lab

Result:

Sample Questions:
1. What is the difference between DFT and DTFT?
2. Define DFT of a discrete time signal and state any four
properties of DFT?
3. Give any two applications of DFT?
4. What is the difference between linear and circular convolution?
5. Verify the periodicity of the DFTT of a given sequence.
6. Give the relation between DTFT and the z transform.

AITD: Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Divyangjan, 2025-26