Basic Python (for ML Programming)
1. What are Python's key data types used in machine learning projects?
2. Explain the difference between a list, tuple, and dictionary.
3. What is the difference between *args and **kwargs?
4. What are list comprehensions? Give an example.
5. How do you handle missing data in a Pandas DataFrame?
🔹 Statistics & Probability (Core for ML)
1. What is the difference between mean, median, and mode?
2. Define variance and standard deviation.
3. What is the Central Limit Theorem? Why is it important?
4. What is a p-value? How do you interpret it?
5. What is the difference between correlation and covariance?
🔹 Machine Learning Concepts
1. Explain the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning.
2. What is overfitting and underfitting? How can you prevent them?
3. What is the bias-variance tradeoff?
4. How does a decision tree work?
5. What are precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy?
🔹 ML Algorithms (with Use Cases)
1. How does Linear Regression work?
2. What are the assumptions of Logistic Regression?
3. Explain the working of the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm.
4. How does the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm work?
5. What is the difference between Bagging and Boosting?
🔹 Deep Learning & Neural Networks
1. What is the difference between a perceptron and a multilayer perceptron?
2. Explain the architecture of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN).
3. What is backpropagation?
4. What are activation functions? Why are they used?
5. What is dropout and why is it used?
🔹 Model Evaluation & Tuning
1. What is cross-validation? How does k-fold cross-validation work?
2. How do you choose the best model?
3. What are confusion matrices?
4. How do you handle class imbalance?
5. What are Grid Search and Random Search?
🔹 Projects & Real-Time Applications
1. Describe an ML project you’ve worked on from start to finish.
2. How did you clean the data in your last project?
3. Which libraries did you use and why?
4. What challenges did you face while deploying the model?
5. How do you monitor model performance in production?
🔹 Bonus (AI / NLP / CV / Deployment)
What is the difference between AI, ML, and Deep Learning?
How do transformers like BERT or GPT work?
What is the difference between object detection and image classification?
How can you deploy a model using Flask or FastAPI?
What is the role of Docker in ML deployment?
