2016 BECE BASIC TECHNOLOGY.

1. The correct answer is hoe. OPTION E

The correct option is "hoe." Here's the explanation:

Aeroplane, bicycle, biro (a type of pen), and computer are all products of modern technology.

- **Aeroplane**: A significant invention in transportation, allowing fast and efficient travel over
long distances.
- **Bicycle**: A mode of transportation and recreation that has evolved with modern materials
and designs.
- **Biro**: A ballpoint pen, a writing instrument developed in the 20th century as a result of
modern manufacturing techniques.
- **Computer**: One of the most iconic products of modern technology, revolutionizing various
aspects of life including communication, data processing, entertainment, and work.

"Hoe," on the other hand, is a basic agricultural tool used for tilling soil and removing weeds.
While there may be modern variations or enhancements in its design and materials, the
fundamental concept and function of the hoe have remained largely unchanged throughout
history, making it not a product of modern technology.

2. The correct answer is noise pollution. OPTION E

The correct option is "noise pollution." Here's the explanation:

- **Easy access to internet**: While easy access to the internet has its drawbacks, such as
potential privacy concerns and misinformation, it also brings numerous advantages like access to
information, communication, and educational resources.
- **Easy access to transportation**: While increased transportation accessibility can lead to
issues like traffic congestion and environmental concerns, it generally provides convenience and
mobility to individuals and society.
- **Effective means of communication**: Enhanced communication technology facilitates better
connections between people and organizations, promoting collaboration and knowledge
sharing. It's generally considered an advantage rather than a disadvantage.
- **Improved supply of electricity**: Improved access to electricity is typically seen as beneficial,
as it powers various technological advancements and improves quality of life. However, there
can be negative environmental impacts associated with certain methods of electricity
generation.
- **Noise pollution**: This is the correct option. Noise pollution, caused by various technological
activities such as transportation, industrial processes, and urban development, can have
detrimental effects on human health and well-being, as well as the environment. Excessive noise
can lead to stress, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other health issues, making it a
significant disadvantage of technology to society.

3. The correct answer is technology. OPTION E

The correct option is "technology." Here's the explanation:
 - **Anthropology**: This is the study of human societies and cultures and their development.
While anthropology provides insights into human behavior and societal structures, it typically
does not directly produce solutions to problems in the same way that technology does.
- **Astronomy**: Astronomy is the study of celestial objects and phenomena in outer space.
While it contributes to our understanding of the universe, it does not directly produce solutions
to human problems.
- **Physiology**: This is the branch of biology that deals with the functions and processes of
living organisms. While physiology is crucial for understanding the workings of the human body,
it primarily focuses on scientific research rather than producing tangible solutions to problems.
- **Psychology**: This is the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. While psychology
offers insights into human behavior and mental processes, it typically does not produce physical
solutions to problems.

**Technology**, on the other hand, is the branch of human endeavor that involves the
application of scientific knowledge, tools, and techniques to create solutions to practical
problems. It produces various things such as tools, machines, and systems that are used to
address challenges and improve the quality of life. Therefore, technology is the correct option in
this context.

4. The correct answer is booting. OPTION A

The correct option is "booting." Here's the explanation:

- **Booting**: Booting refers to the process of starting up a computer system. It is not a service
available on the internet; rather, it is a fundamental operation that occurs within a computer's
hardware and software when it is powered on or restarted.
- **Bulk SMS**: This is a service that allows users to send large numbers of text messages to
mobile phones simultaneously. It is commonly used for marketing, notifications, and
communication purposes.
- **E-mail**: E-mail, short for electronic mail, is a widely used service on the internet that allows
users to send and receive messages electronically. It enables communication between
individuals and organizations worldwide.
- **Mailing list**: A mailing list is a collection of names and addresses used by an individual or
organization to send material to multiple recipients. It is often used for distributing newsletters,
announcements, and discussion group messages.
- **UseNet**: This refers to a worldwide distributed discussion system available on the internet.
It consists of a set of newsgroups with names that are classified hierarchically by subject. UseNet
allows users to participate in discussions on various topics by posting and reading messages.

Therefore, "booting" is the correct option as it is not a service available on the internet; instead,
it is a process related to computer system startup.

5. The correct answer is monitor. OPTION C

The correct option is "monitor." Here's the explanation:
 - **Joystick**: A joystick is an input device that typically consists of a stick that pivots on a base
and detects its direction or position. It is commonly used for controlling video games and other
applications that require precise directional input.
- **Keyboard**: A keyboard is a primary input device for computers, allowing users to input
text, commands, and other functions by pressing keys. It is essential for typing, navigation, and
interaction with software.
- **Monitor**: A monitor, also known as a display screen, is an output device that shows visual
information generated by a computer. It does not directly input data into the computer system
but rather displays output information to the user.
- **Mouse**: A mouse is an input device that allows users to interact with graphical user
interfaces by moving a cursor on the screen and clicking on icons, buttons, and other elements.
It is used for pointing, clicking, dragging, and scrolling.
- **Webcam**: A webcam is a video camera that captures live images or video feeds and
transmits them over a computer network. While it can be used as an input device for video
conferencing and recording, its primary function is to capture visual information rather than
input data into the computer system.

Therefore, "monitor" is the correct option as it is not an input device of a computer system;
instead, it is an output device used to display visual information to the user.

6. The correct answer is technologist. OPTION E

The correct option is "technologists." Here's the explanation:

- **Artisans**: Artisans are skilled workers who typically produce goods by hand, often using
traditional methods and tools. While artisans may receive training in vocational schools or
apprenticeships, they are not typically produced in polytechnics in the same way as other
professions listed.
- **Astronauts**: Astronauts are individuals who are trained to travel and work in outer space.
Training to become an astronaut involves rigorous physical, mental, and technical preparation
and is usually conducted by space agencies rather than polytechnics.
- **Craftsmen**: Craftsmen are skilled workers who produce goods or perform tasks requiring
manual dexterity and artistic ability. Similar to artisans, craftsmen may receive training through
vocational programs or apprenticeships, but they are not typically produced in polytechnics.
- **Engineers**: Engineers are professionals who apply scientific and mathematical principles to
design, develop, and maintain systems, structures, and processes. Polytechnics often produce
engineers through various engineering programs.
- **Technologists**: Technologists are professionals who specialize in applying scientific and
engineering principles to practical problems and projects. They typically receive training in
polytechnics and play a vital role in various industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and
information technology.

Therefore, "technologists" is the correct option as they are one of the manpower levels
produced in Nigerian polytechnics.
7. The correct answer is observing plans and measures for accident prevention. OPTION B
The correct option is "observing plans and measures for accident prevention." Here's the
explanation:

- **Arranging hand tools in a tool rack**: While keeping hand tools organized and stored
properly is important for safety and efficiency in a workshop, it alone does not encompass the
full meaning of "safety first."
- **Observing plans and measures for accident prevention**: This is the correct option. "Safety
first" implies prioritizing the implementation of plans and measures designed to prevent
accidents and ensure a safe working environment in the workshop. This includes following safety
protocols, using protective gear, and adhering to safety guidelines.
- **Providing functional fire extinguisher**: While having a functional fire extinguisher in the
workshop is crucial for addressing fire emergencies, it is just one aspect of workshop safety and
does not fully encapsulate the concept of "safety first."
- **Walking carefully in a workshop**: Walking carefully is important to avoid accidents, but it is
only a part of practicing safety in the workshop.
- **Wearing gloves while working**: Wearing gloves can protect hands from injury, but it is just
one safety measure among many that should be followed in a workshop.

Therefore, "observing plans and measures for accident prevention" is the most comprehensive
interpretation of "safety first" in any workshop, as it encompasses a proactive approach to
ensuring safety and preventing accidents.

8. The correct answer is . OPTION

9. The correct answer is sand bucket. OPTION C

In the absence of a functional fire extinguisher, a **sand bucket** can be provided in a
workshop.

Here's the explanation:

- **Gasoline and petrol**: Gasoline and petrol are highly flammable liquids and should never be
used as substitutes for fire extinguishers. Using them to try to put out a fire can result in the fire
spreading and causing more damage.
- **Thick blanket**: A thick blanket can be used to smother small fires, particularly those
involving clothing or fabric. It can be wrapped around a person to extinguish flames or placed
over a fire to cut off its oxygen supply.
- **Water keg**: While water can be effective for extinguishing certain types of fires, it is not
recommended for all types. For example, using water on grease fires or electrical fires can
actually make the situation worse. Additionally, water conducts electricity, so it can be
dangerous to use on electrical fires.
- **Sand bucket**: Sand is a commonly used fire extinguishing agent, especially for small fires
involving flammable liquids. It can be poured over the fire to smother it and prevent oxygen
from reaching the flames, thus extinguishing the fire.
 Therefore, in the absence of a functional fire extinguisher, providing a sand bucket in a workshop
can be a safer alternative for handling small fires.

10. The correct answer is . OPTION

11. The correct answer is conifers. OPTION B

The correct option is **conifers**. Here's why:

- **Branches**: Branches are one of the main structural parts of a tree, extending from the
trunk and bearing leaves, flowers, and fruit.
- **Leaves**: Leaves are essential organs of trees involved in photosynthesis, where they absorb
sunlight and convert it into energy for the tree.
- **Roots**: Roots anchor the tree into the soil and absorb water and nutrients from the
ground.
- **Trunk**: The trunk is the central part of the tree, providing support and stability while
transporting water and nutrients between the roots and the branches.

**Conifers**, on the other hand, are a type of tree that produce cones and have needle-like or
scale-like leaves. While conifers are a category of trees, they are not a specific part of a tree like
branches, leaves, roots, or trunk. Therefore, conifers are the correct answer as they are not parts
of a tree but rather a classification of trees.

12. The correct answer is veneer. OPTION D

When planning timber, the following materials are produced:

- **Particles**: Small pieces or fragments of wood that are produced during timber planning.
- **Sawdust**: Fine particles of wood that result from sawing timber.
- **Shaves**: Thin, narrow pieces of wood shaved off during planning.
- **Veneer**: Thin slices of wood obtained by slicing or peeling logs.
- **Waste**: Refers to any leftover or unused materials generated during the timber planning
process.

Therefore, the correct answer is **veneer**. While veneer is a product derived from timber, it is
not typically produced during the planning process but rather through slicing or peeling logs to
obtain thin sheets of wood.

13. The correct answer is mineral salt. OPTION C

Among the options provided, **mineral salts** do not directly cause defects in timber.

- **Fire**: Can cause charring and structural damage to timber.

- **Lightning**: Can split, crack, or ignite timber due to the intense heat.
 - **Mineral salts**: Generally do not directly cause defects in timber; however, excessive
mineral content in soil or water can affect tree growth and health indirectly.
- **Parasites**: Such as fungi, insects, and pests, can infest and damage timber.
- **Strong wind**: Can lead to bending, twisting, or uprooting of trees, potentially causing
defects in the timber.

Therefore, mineral salts are the least likely to directly cause defects in timber among the options
provided.

14. The correct answer is shed leaves. OPTION D

Softwood is associated with the following characteristics except **shedding leaves**.

Softwood trees are typically evergreen, meaning they retain their leaves (or needles) throughout
the year. They have naked seeds in cones, needle-like leaves, and tracheids that provide
structural support. Unlike deciduous trees, which shed their leaves annually, softwood trees
generally retain their foliage year-round. Therefore, shedding leaves is not a characteristic of
softwood.

15. The correct answer is brittleness. OPTION A

Cast iron is known for its **hardness and brittleness**.

While cast iron is indeed hard, it tends to be brittle rather than ductile. Brittleness refers to a
material's tendency to fracture or break without significant deformation when subjected to
stress. Ductility, on the other hand, refers to the ability of a material to undergo significant
plastic deformation before rupturing. Therefore, ductility is not a characteristic typically
associated with cast iron.

- **Option A (Brittleness)**: This is the correct option. Cast iron is indeed known for its
hardness, but it is also characterized by its brittleness. Brittleness refers to the tendency of a
material to break or shatter when subjected to stress or impact. Cast iron has high compressive
strength but low tensile strength, making it prone to fracture under tension.

- **Option B (Ductility)**: This option is incorrect. Ductility refers to the ability of a material to
deform plastically under tensile stress, allowing it to be drawn out into a wire or thread. Cast
iron is not ductile; it tends to fracture rather than deform when subjected to tensile stress.

- **Option C (Elasticity)**: This option is incorrect. Elasticity refers to the ability of a material to
deform reversibly under stress and return to its original shape when the stress is removed. Cast
iron does not exhibit significant elasticity; it tends to undergo plastic deformation rather than
elastic deformation.

- **Option D (Malleability)**: This option is incorrect. Malleability refers to the ability of a

material to deform under compressive stress, allowing it to be hammered or rolled into thin
 sheets without fracturing. Cast iron is not malleable; it tends to fracture rather than deform
under compressive stress.

- **Option E (Plasticity)**: This option is incorrect. Plasticity refers to the ability of a material to
undergo permanent deformation without rupture when subjected to stress. While cast iron does
exhibit plastic behavior to some extent, it is primarily characterized by its brittleness rather than
its plasticity.

16. The correct answer is slag. OPTION D

Let's analyze each option:

- **Option A (Floater)**: This option is incorrect. In an iron-making process, there is no specific

material known as a "floater" that floats on the molten metal.

- **Option B (Flux)**: This option is incorrect. Flux is a material used in metallurgy to promote
fusion, remove impurities, and protect the molten metal from oxidation, but it typically does not
float on the molten metal.

- **Option C (Iron)**: This option is incorrect. Iron is the metal being produced in the iron-
making process. It does not float on its molten form; instead, it constitutes the molten metal
itself.

- **Option D (Slag)**: This is the correct option. In the iron-making process, slag is the material
that floats on the surface of the molten metal. Slag is formed by the impurities in the raw
materials used in the process, such as silica, limestone, and other minerals. It is lighter than the
molten iron and forms a layer on top of it, which can then be skimmed off.

- **Option E (Smelter)**: This option is incorrect. A smelter is a facility where ores are heated to
extract the metal from them. It is not a material that floats on the molten metal but rather the
facility where the iron-making process occurs.

17. The correct answer is ajaokuta. OPTION B

Let's examine each option:

- **Option A (Abeokuta)**: This option is incorrect. Abeokuta is known for its significant
historical and cultural heritage but not for housing the largest iron and steel industry in Nigeria.

- **Option B (Ajaokuta)**: This is the correct option. Ajaokuta is home to the largest iron and
steel industry in Nigeria. The Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited, located in Ajaokuta, Kogi State, is
designed to produce liquid steel from iron ore, coal, and limestone.

- **Option C (Aladja)**: This option is incorrect. Aladja is known for its steel rolling mills, but it
does not house the largest iron and steel industry in Nigeria.
 - **Option D (Kuta)**: This option is incorrect. Kuta is not recognized as a significant location for
iron and steel industry in Nigeria.

- **Option E (Nkalagu)**: This option is incorrect. Nkalagu is known for its limestone deposits
and quarrying activities but not for housing the largest iron and steel industry in Nigeria.

18. The correct answer is carbon. OPTION B

Let's analyze each option:

- **Option A (Calcium)**: This option is incorrect. Calcium is not typically added to steel for
hardness; it is primarily used as a deoxidizer and desulfurizer in the steelmaking process.

- **Option B (Carbon)**: This is the correct option. Carbon is the main element responsible for
the hardness of steel. The amount of carbon present in steel determines its hardness and other
mechanical properties.

- **Option C (Hydrogen)**: This option is incorrect. Hydrogen is not a significant contributor to

the hardness of steel. It may cause embrittlement in steel rather than increasing its hardness.

- **Option D (Iron)**: This option is incorrect. Iron is the base metal in steel but is not
responsible for its hardness. It's the carbon content that primarily influences hardness.

- **Option E (Sulphur)**: This option is incorrect. Sulphur is considered an impurity in steel and
can adversely affect its properties, including reducing its toughness, but it does not contribute to
its hardness.

19. The correct answer is oxygen. OPTION D

Let's analyze each option:

- **Option A (Carbon)**: Carbon does not directly cause rust in iron. While carbon is a
component of steel and can influence its properties, it is not the primary cause of rusting.

- **Option B (Hydrogen)**: Hydrogen does not cause rust in iron. Rusting primarily occurs due
to the reaction of iron with oxygen and moisture in the air.

- **Option C (Nitrogen)**: Nitrogen does not directly cause rust in iron. It is not typically
involved in the rusting process.

- **Option D (Oxygen)**: This is the correct option. Rusting, also known as corrosion, occurs
when iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of moisture, forming iron oxide (rust) on the
surface of the iron.

- **Option E (Sulphur)**: Sulphur does not directly cause rust in iron. However, it can contribute
to certain types of corrosion in specific environments, but it's not the primary cause of rusting.
20. The correct answer is heat resistance. OPTION D
Let's evaluate each option:

- **Option A (Compressibility)**: Rubber is compressible, meaning it can be squeezed or

pressed into a smaller volume. This property allows rubber to deform under pressure and return
to its original shape once the pressure is released.

- **Option B (Elasticity)**: Rubber is highly elastic, meaning it can stretch under tension and
return to its original shape when the force is removed. Elasticity is a characteristic property of
rubber.

- **Option C (Flexibility)**: Rubber is flexible, meaning it can bend easily without breaking.
Flexibility is an inherent property of rubber, making it suitable for various applications where
flexibility is required.

- **Option D (Heat Resistance)**: Rubber generally has limited heat resistance. High
temperatures can cause rubber to soften, melt, or degrade, affecting its mechanical properties.
Therefore, heat resistance is not a characteristic property of rubber.

- **Option E (Water Resistance)**: Rubber is typically resistant to water and moisture. It does
not absorb water easily, and its structure is not significantly affected by exposure to water. Water
resistance is a property commonly associated with rubber.

So, the correct answer is **Option D (Heat Resistance)**. Rubber is not known for its high heat
resistance.

21. The correct answer is synthetic. OPTION D

Let's analyze each option:

- **Option A (Polythene)**: Polythene is not a type of rubber. It is a type of plastic commonly

used in packaging, containers, and various other applications. Polythene is not elastic like rubber.

- **Option B (Polyvinyl)**: Polyvinyl is also not a type of rubber. It refers to materials like
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyvinyl acetate (PVA), which are used in the production of plastics,
synthetic fibers, and coatings. Polyvinyl materials are not inherently elastic like rubber.

- **Option C (Portland)**: Portland is not a type of rubber. It is commonly associated with

Portland cement, which is a type of hydraulic cement used in construction. Portland cement is
not elastic like rubber.

- **Option D (Synthetic)**: Synthetic rubber is indeed a type of rubber. Synthetic rubbers are
artificially produced materials that exhibit properties similar to natural rubber. They are widely
used in various applications, including automotive tires, seals, and conveyor belts.
 - **Option E (Thermosetting)**: Thermosetting polymers are not a type of rubber. They are a
class of polymers that undergo irreversible chemical reactions when heated, leading to the
formation of a rigid three-dimensional network structure. Thermosetting polymers can be hard
and rigid, unlike the elastic properties of rubber.

So, the correct answer is **Option D (Synthetic)**. Synthetic rubber is a type of rubber.

22. The correct answer is thermosetting. OPTION E

Let's examine each option:

- **Option A (Asphalt)**: Asphalt is not a type of plastic. It is a sticky, black, and highly viscous
liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum used in road construction and waterproofing.

- **Option B (Bitumen)**: Bitumen is not a type of plastic. It is a sticky, black, and highly viscous
liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum used in road construction, roofing, and waterproofing.

- **Option C (Gypsum)**: Gypsum is not a type of plastic. It is a soft sulfate mineral composed of
calcium sulfate dihydrate. Gypsum is commonly used in construction as a material for making
plaster and drywall.

- **Option D (Latex)**: Latex is not a type of plastic. It is a natural rubber material derived from
the sap of rubber trees or synthetically produced. Latex is commonly used in various products,
including gloves, condoms, balloons, and adhesives.

- **Option E (Thermosetting)**: Thermosetting polymers are a type of plastic. They are a class of
polymers that undergo irreversible chemical reactions when heated, leading to the formation of
a rigid three-dimensional network structure. Examples of thermosetting plastics include Bakelite
and epoxy resin.

So, the correct answer is **Option E (Thermosetting)**. Thermosetting is a type of plastic.

23. The correct answer is tyre. OPTION E

Out of the listed options, tyre is not typically made entirely of plastic.

Here's why the other options can be made of plastic:

Buckets: Many buckets, particularly flexible ones, are made from plastic. Plastic offers good
durability, weight advantages over metal buckets, and can be molded into various shapes.

Plates: Disposable plates and many reusable plates are made of plastic. Plastic plates are
lightweight, inexpensive, and come in various designs.

Tiles: Plastic tiles are a popular option for flooring and wall coverings. They are affordable, water-
resistant, and easy to maintain.
 Toys: Countless toys are made from plastic due to its versatility, affordability, and ability to be
molded into various shapes and colors.

Tyre: While some tire components might utilize synthetic materials or coatings, tires primarily
rely on rubber for their tread (outer layer that makes contact with the road) and sidewalls.
Rubber offers superior grip, elasticity, and wear resistance compared to most plastics for these
critical tire functions.

24. The correct answer is gloves. OPTION C

Let's evaluate each option:

- **Option A (Bricks)**: Bricks can be made of ceramics. Ceramic bricks are a type of brick made
from clay that has been fired in a kiln. They are commonly used in construction for building
walls, pavements, and other structures.

- **Option B (Enamel)**: Enamel can be considered a ceramic product. Enamel is a glassy

substance fused onto the surface of metal, glass, or ceramics. It is used for decoration,
protection, and as a coating for cookware and other items.

- **Option C (Gloves)**: Gloves are not typically considered products of ceramics. Gloves are
usually made of fabrics, leather, or synthetic materials, not ceramics.

- **Option D (Tea Cups)**: Tea cups can be made of ceramics. Ceramic tea cups are commonly
used for drinking tea and are available in various designs, shapes, and sizes.

- **Option E (Tiles)**: Tiles are products of ceramics. Ceramic tiles are widely used for covering
floors, walls, countertops, and other surfaces in residential and commercial buildings.

So, the correct answer is **Option C (Gloves)**. Gloves are not products of ceramics.

25. The correct answer is compressibility. OPTION B

Let's analyze each option:

- **Option A (Brittleness)**: Brittleness is a property commonly associated with ceramics.

Ceramics tend to be brittle, meaning they are prone to breaking or shattering when subjected to
stress.

- **Option B (Compressibility)**: Compressibility is not typically considered a property of

ceramics. Ceramics are generally known for their low compressibility, meaning they are resistant
to being compressed or squashed.

- **Option C (Resistance to Chemicals)**: Resistance to chemicals is a property of ceramics.

Ceramics are often resistant to chemical corrosion and can withstand exposure to various
chemicals without degradation.
 - **Option D (Resistance to Heat)**: Resistance to heat is a property of ceramics. Ceramics can
withstand high temperatures without melting or deforming, making them suitable for
applications involving heat.

- **Option E (Shinning Surfaces)**: Shining surfaces are not inherent properties of ceramics.
While some ceramics may have glossy or shiny finishes, it is not a universal property of all
ceramics.

Therefore, the correct answer is **Option B (Compressibility)**. Compressibility is not a

property typically associated with ceramics.

26. The correct answer is eraser. OPTION A

Let's evaluate each option:

- **Eraser**: While an eraser is used in drawing to remove graphite or ink marks, it is not
typically considered a drawing instrument in the same sense as the other options.

- **French Curves**: French curves are drawing tools used to draw smooth curves of varying
radii. They are indeed drawing instruments.

- **Pair of Compasses**: A pair of compasses, also known as a compass or a pair of dividers, is

used for drawing circles or arcs. It is a drawing instrument.

- **Pair of Dividers**: As mentioned earlier, a pair of dividers, also known as a compass, is used
for drawing circles or arcs. It is a drawing instrument.

- **Protractor**: A protractor is a measuring instrument used to measure angles, especially in

geometry and technical drawing. It is also considered a drawing instrument.

Therefore, the option that is not typically considered a drawing instrument is **Option A:
Eraser**. While it is used in drawing, it is not primarily used to create drawings but rather to
correct or remove marks.

27. The correct answer is compassess. OPTION A

The instrument used for drawing arcs and circles is **compasses**.
The correct option is **compasses**.

Explanation:
- Compasses are the instruments used specifically for drawing arcs and circles in geometry. They
consist of two arms, one with a pointed end for marking the center and the other with a pencil
or pen for drawing the arc or circle.

Other options:
 - Dividers: Dividers are used for measuring distances and transferring measurements, but they
are not designed for drawing arcs or circles.

- Protractor: A protractor is used for measuring and constructing angles, not for drawing arcs or
circles.

- Template: A template is a pre-designed shape or pattern used for tracing, but it is not used for
freehand drawing of arcs or circles.

- T-square: A T-square is primarily used for drawing straight lines, not for drawing arcs or circles.

28. The correct answer is 30,35. OPTION B

The size of a small standard drawing board is **30 by 35 cm**.

Explanation:
- In technical drawing, the standard size of a small drawing board is commonly 30 by 35
centimeters.

Other options:
- 25, 30: This option is smaller than the standard size commonly used.
- 30, 43: While the length is correct, the width is larger than the standard size.
- 40, 48 and 45, 53: Both options are larger than the standard size typically used for small
drawing boards.

29. The correct answer is water. OPTION A

The title block is typically located at the bottom right corner of the drawing paper.

The title block is a standardized area on a drawing that contains important information about the
drawing, such as the title, date, scale, and other relevant details. It is typically located at the
bottom right corner of the drawing paper, as indicated in the search results. The title block is
used to identify the drawing and to provide essential information to the user, such as the name
of the project, the name of the designer, and the revision history.

The title block is a critical component of the drawing, as it helps to ensure that the drawing is
properly identified and that the information it contains is accurate and up-to-date. By placing the
title block at the bottom right corner of the drawing paper, the designer can ensure that it is
easily accessible and that it does not interfere with the main content of the drawing.

In summary, the title block is a standardized area on a drawing that contains important
information about the drawing. It is typically located at the bottom right corner of the drawing
paper, as this position is easily accessible and does not interfere with the main content of the
drawing.

30. The correct answer is freehand. OPTION B

 The method of drawing that can be done using paper and pencil only is **freehand**.

Explanation:
- Freehand drawing involves sketching or drawing without the use of tools such as rulers,
compasses, or protractors. It relies solely on the artist's hand-eye coordination and creativity,
making it suitable for execution using paper and pencil only.

Other options:
- Axonometric, isometric, oblique, and perspective drawing methods typically require specialized
tools or aids such as rulers, T-squares, or even software for accurate construction, making them
less feasible to perform using only paper and pencil.

31. The correct answer is 4:1. OPTION D

The search results do not provide a direct answer to this question.

An enlarged scale is not a medical term, but it is possible that the question is asking about a ratio
or proportion that is larger than expected. In this case, the ratio of 4:1 is the largest ratio
provided, and it could be interpreted as an enlarged scale.

However, it is important to note that this interpretation is not based on any direct medical
evidence, and it is possible that the question is asking about a different concept entirely.
Without further context or clarification, it is difficult to provide a definitive answer.

32. The correct answer is hidden details. OPTION C

The type of line used in technical drawing for showing hidden details is:

**Hidden details**

Explanation:
- In technical drawing, hidden details are represented by dashed lines, commonly referred to as
hidden lines. These lines indicate features that are not visible in the current view but exist
behind other objects.
- Hidden details are crucial for conveying the complete structure of an object or assembly,
especially in engineering and architectural drawings.
- Options A, B, D, and E represent other types of lines used in technical drawing, but they do not
specifically represent hidden details:
- Cutting planes: Represented by a series of closely spaced dash-and-dot lines, used to indicate
where an object has been cut for sectional views.
- Dimensioning: Represented by continuous thin lines, used for indicating the size and location
of features.
- Outlines: Represented by continuous thick lines, used for outlining the visible edges of
objects.
- Short breaks: Represented by zigzag lines, used to indicate where a section of an object has
been removed for clarity or to conserve space.
33. The correct answer is 360. OPTION D
The sum of angles in a square is:

**360 degrees**

Explanation:
- A square is a polygon with four sides of equal length and four right angles.
- Each interior angle of a square measures 90 degrees.
- Since a square has four interior angles, the sum of these angles is 90 degrees + 90 degrees + 90
degrees + 90 degrees = 360 degrees.
- Options A, B, C, and E represent incorrect values for the sum of angles in a square.

34. The correct answer is angle. OPTION A

When two straight lines meet at a point, they form an:

**Angle**

Explanation:
- When two straight lines intersect, they form two pairs of opposite angles.
- These angles are called vertical angles and are congruent, meaning they have the same
measure.
- The point where the lines meet is called the vertex of the angle.
- Options B, C, D, and E do not accurately describe the geometric shape formed by the
intersection of two straight lines.

35. The correct answer is quadrant. OPTION C

Question: Which of these is not a component of a triangle?

Options:
A) base angle
B) height
C) quadrant
D) vertical angle
E) vertex

Correct Option: C) quadrant

Explanation:
- A triangle is a polygon with three sides and three angles.
- Components of a triangle include:
- Base angle: The angles formed by one of the sides of the triangle and the base.
- Height: The perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite vertex.
- Vertical angle: An angle opposite one of the sides of the triangle.
- Vertex: The point where two sides of a triangle meet.
 - Quadrant, on the other hand, is not a component of a triangle. It is a term used in coordinate
geometry to refer to one-fourth of the Cartesian coordinate plane.

36. The correct answer is . OPTION

37. The correct answer is . OPTION

38. The correct answer is at right angle. OPTION B

The diagonals of a rhombus are at right angles.

Here's why:
A rhombus is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and opposite sides parallel.

Interestingly, a rhombus can also be defined by its diagonals:

Diagonals of a rhombus are always perpendicular (at right angles) to each other.
They bisect each other at the center point of the rhombus.

The other options you listed are not properties of the diagonals in a rhombus:
At angle 45°: This is not always true. While squares (a special type of rhombus with all angles
90°) have diagonals at 45 degrees, rhombuses in general can have different angles depending on
their specific shape.

Equal: While diagonals might have the same length depending on the specific rhombus, this is
not a defining characteristic.

Opposite: Diagonals do not necessarily oppose each other in a rhombus. They intersect at the
center point.

Parallel: Diagonals in a rhombus are not parallel; they intersect as mentioned earlier.

39. The correct answer is trapezium. OPTION D

The correct answer to the question is a trapezium. This is because a trapezium is a quadrilateral
with no parallel sides.
It is also known as a trapezoid in some countries, such as the United States, while in other
countries, such as the United Kingdom, the term "trapezium" is used to refer to a quadrilateral
with one pair of parallel sides.

The search results provide information about different types of quadrilaterals, including squares,
rectangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, rhombuses, and kites. However, the specific question asks
for the type of quadrilateral that has no parallel sides, and the search results confirm that a
trapezium or trapezoid is the correct answer.
 It is important to note that the terms "trapezium" and "trapezoid" are sometimes used
interchangeably, depending on the country and the context. However, in general, a trapezium is
a quadrilateral with no parallel sides, while a trapezoid is a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel
sides.

In summary, a trapezium is a quadrilateral with no parallel sides, making it the correct answer to
the question.

40. The correct answer is . OPTION

41. The correct answer is 8. OPTION E

An octagon is a polygon that has:

E) 8 sides

Explanation:
- An octagon is a polygon with eight sides.
- The prefix "octa-" in octagon refers to "eight," indicating the number of sides in the polygon.
- Therefore, the correct option is 8.

42. The correct answer is 30. OPTION A

The receding lines of an isometric projection are drawn at:
B) 30 degrees to the horizontal plane

Explanation:
- Isometric projection is a method used in technical drawing to represent three-dimensional
objects in two dimensions.
- In isometric projection, the receding lines are drawn at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane.
- This angle allows for a balanced representation of the object's depth and height without
distortion.
- Therefore, the correct option is 30 degrees.

43. The correct answer is cavalier. OPTION A

Out of the listed options, cavalier is a type of oblique drawing.

Here's why the other options are not considered oblique drawings:
Freehand: Freehand drawing refers to a general technique of drawing by hand without using
mechanical aids or precise measurements. It can be used for various types of drawings, including
perspective and isometric drawings, but it's not a specific type of oblique drawing itself.

Isometric: Isometric drawing is a specific type of axonometric drawing where all three axes are
shown at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane. Oblique drawings use a different approach where
one face is directly parallel to the picture plane, and receding lines are drawn at a specific angle
(usually 30 or 45 degrees).
 Orthographic: Orthographic drawings use multiple views (front, top, side) to depict a three-
dimensional object. They don't involve any perspective or vanishing points, unlike oblique
drawings.

Perspective: Perspective drawing uses a single viewpoint to create a realistic illusion of depth.
Similar to oblique drawings, it uses vanishing points, but the overall approach to representing
depth differs.

Cavalier drawing is a type of oblique drawing where one face of the object is directly parallel to
the picture plane, and receding lines are typically drawn at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane.
This creates a sense of depth while still allowing for clear visibility of details on the front face.

44. The correct answer is central. OPTION A

The option that is not a principal view in orthographic drawing is:

A) central

Explanation:
- Orthographic projection is a method of representing a three-dimensional object in two
dimensions.
- In orthographic projection, the principal views typically include the front, top, and side views.
- The front, top, and side views provide comprehensive information about the object from
different perspectives.
- However, "central" is not a principal view in orthographic drawing. The other options, such as
front, left side, plan (top view), and right side, are commonly used principal views in
orthographic drawing to represent the object accurately from various angles.
- Therefore, the correct option is central.

45. The correct answer is . OPTION

46. The correct answer is micrometer. OPTION D

The tool that is not a hand cutting tool is:

D) micrometer

Explanation:
- A micrometer is not a hand cutting tool; it is a precision measuring instrument used for
measuring very small distances or thicknesses.
- Chisel, file, hacksaw, and scraper are all hand cutting tools used for cutting, shaping, or
smoothing materials such as wood, metal, or plastic.
- Therefore, the correct option is micrometer.

47. The correct answer is dovetails. OPTION A

 Out of the listed options, dovetails is not a type of saw in woodwork.

Here's why the other options are types of saws used in woodworking:
Hack saw: This has a thin blade designed for cutting metal or other hard materials. While not
exclusively for wood, it can be used for fine woodworking cuts in specific situations.

Panel saw: This is a circular saw specifically designed for making clean cuts in large wood panels.

Rip saw: This saw has a long blade with coarse teeth, ideal for ripping long, straight cuts along
the grain of the wood.

Tenon saw: This is a backsaw with a fine-toothed blade suitable for making precise cuts for
joinery techniques like creating tenons (protruding projections on the end of a board).

Dovetails is a joint carpentry technique for creating a strong interlocking joint between two
pieces of wood. It does not refer to a specific saw, but rather the shape and method of creating
the joint.

48. The correct answer is withworth. OPTION E

Correct Option: E) withworth

Explanation:
- The withworth drill bit is not a type of drill bit commonly used in woodworking or
metalworking.
- The other options are all types of drill bits:
- Countersunk: Designed to create a depression in a material to accommodate the head of a
screw.
- Flat: Used for drilling large diameter holes in wood.
- Tapered shank: Features a shank that gradually reduces in diameter towards the cutting end.
- Twist: The most common type of drill bit, characterized by its spiral fluting for drilling holes in
various materials.

Therefore, option E) withworth is the correct answer as it does not represent a standard type of
drill bit.

49. The correct answer is safe edge. OPTION D

Correct Option: D) safe edge

Explanation:
- A file typically consists of the following parts:
- Blade: The cutting surface of the file.
- Ferrule: The metal band securing the handle to the blade.
- Handle: The part of the file that the user holds while filing.
- Shank: The portion of the file where the blade and handle are attached.
 - "Safe edge" is not a part of a file. It refers to a rounded or uncut edge on a file, often found on
one side to prevent damage to adjacent surfaces during filing.

Therefore, option D) safe edge is the correct answer as it is not a standard part of a file.

50. The correct answer is drilling. OPTION B

Correct Option: B) drilling

Explanation:
- Drilling is the process of creating holes in metals using a drilling machine.
- Buffing is a process of polishing a surface to improve its appearance.
- Grinding involves using an abrasive wheel to remove material from a workpiece.
- Shearing is a cutting process that involves cutting metal sheets using a shear.
- Welding is a joining process that fuses two metal pieces together.

Therefore, option B) drilling is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the machine used for
creating holes in metals.

51. The correct answer is brass-back. OPTION A

Correct Option: A) brass-back

Explanation:
- A "brass-back" saw, also known as a dovetail saw or a brass-backed saw, is commonly used for
fine metalwork.
- "Heck" and "power" are not terms typically associated with saws used for fine work.
- "Junior" is a term that doesn't specify the type or purpose of the saw.
- "Piercing" is not a common term used to describe metalwork saws.

Therefore, option A) brass-back is the correct answer as it specifically refers to a type of saw
suitable for fine metalwork.

Based on the search results, a metalwork saw used for fine work is a brass-back saw. This type of
saw is commonly used for dovetail cuts and has a blade made of high-quality steel with a brass
backing for added durability and precision. The brass backing also helps to keep the cut steady
and straight, making it ideal for intricate metalwork projects.

52. The correct answer is . OPTION

53. The correct answer is . OPTION

54. The correct answer is preparation of simple working drawings. OPTION D

The first step in the construction of a woodwork project is the preparation of simple working
drawings. This step involves creating detailed drawings that outline the dimensions, design, and
 structure of the project before moving on to other stages like selecting materials, preparing a
cutting list, assembling parts, and applying finishes. This process helps ensure accuracy and
clarity in the construction process, guiding the woodworker through each phase of the project
effectively.

55. The correct answer is . OPTION

56. The correct answer is . OPTION

57. The correct answer is tin. OPTION D

A solder is an alloy of lead and tin.

Explanation:
- Solder is a fusible metal alloy used to create a permanent bond between metal workpieces. It is
commonly composed of lead and tin.
- While there are various types of solder alloys, the traditional solder used in electronics and
plumbing consists primarily of lead and tin.
- Option D) tin is the correct answer as tin is the primary component of solder alloys. Lead is also
commonly present in solder alloys, but it's the tin that makes up the majority of the alloy.
- Options A) aluminium, B) copper, C) iron, and E) zinc are not typically components of solder
alloys used in common applications.

58. The correct answer is peeling. OPTION D

The following are steps in soldering except peeling.

Explanation:
- Soldering is a process used to join metal pieces together using a filler metal (solder) that melts
at a lower temperature than the metal pieces being joined.
- The typical steps in soldering include:
1. **Cleaning:** Ensuring that the surfaces to be soldered are free from dirt, oil, and oxidation.
2. **Fluxing:** Applying a flux, which helps remove oxidation and promotes the flow of solder
by reducing surface tension.
3. **Heating:** Using a soldering iron or torch to heat the parts to be soldered and melting the
solder onto the joint.
4. **Washing:** Cleaning the soldered joint to remove any remaining flux residue, which could
corrode the joint over time.
- Option D) peeling is not a step in soldering. Peeling typically refers to removing a layer of
material from the surface, which is not part of the soldering process.

59. The correct answer is blowpipe. OPTION A

Out of the options listed, the equipment used for brazing is a blowpipe.

Here's why the other options are not used for brazing:
 Box: A box is a container and wouldn't be used for heating or melting materials in brazing.

Chamber: While chambers can be used in some brazing processes, it's not a specific tool. Brazing
can be done in a chamber furnace, but a blowpipe is a more common handheld tool for brazing
applications.

Hearth: A hearth is typically the base or floor of a fireplace or furnace. While brazing can involve
furnaces or hearths in certain setups, a blowpipe offers more portability and control for many
brazing tasks.

Speller: This term is not related to brazing equipment.

A blowpipe mixes a fuel gas (like acetylene or propane) with oxygen to create a hot flame for
brazing. This flame is used to melt the brazing filler metal, which then flows and bonds the two
pieces of metal being joined.

60. The correct answer is heating. OPTION B

Out of the listed options, the step that follows fluxing during brazing is heating.

Here's why:
Brazing process: Brazing involves joining two metal pieces using a filler metal with a lower
melting point than the base metals.

Fluxing: Flux is a material applied before heating. It acts as a cleaning agent, removing oxides
and impurities from the metal surfaces to ensure a good brazing joint.

Heating: After applying flux, the next step is to heat the joint using a torch or other heating
method. The heat melts the flux further assisting in cleaning and then melts the brazing filler
metal, allowing it to flow and join the two base metals.

The other options don't necessarily follow fluxing in the brazing sequence:
Cleaning: Cleaning might be done before the brazing process to remove dirt and oils, but fluxing
specifically targets oxides and impurities on the metal surface.

Picking: Picking is not a common term in brazing. It might refer to removing unwanted material
with a sharp tool, but this wouldn't be a typical step after fluxing.

Scaling: Scaling refers to the formation of oxides on the metal surface during heating. While flux
helps prevent this, scaling might be observed to some extent after heating, not before.

Washing: Washing is not typically done during the brazing process itself. Cleaning with water or
solvents might be part of the preparation before brazing, but not after applying flux.