SESSION NOTES and EXAMPLES

 Copy Constructor

2 types of Copy Constructor

1. Default Copy Constructor  we use an assignment operator (=)

2. User-defined Copy Constructor  class_name(const class_name&)

 Destructor: Each class may have only one destructor.

 ‘this’ pointer and arrow () sign
 static members and methods
 Constant (const) members and methods

EXAMPLE

//rectangle.h
class rectangle{
private:
int length, width;
static int counter; //they do not belong to any specific object.But they belong to the whole
class
//all objects of the class may share it!!!
// should be initialized outside the class!!!!
public:
rectangle()
{
this->length = 0;
this->width = 0;
counter++;
}
rectangle(int length, int width)
{
this->length = length;
this->width = width;
counter++;
}
rectangle(const rectangle & robj)
{
this->length = robj.length;
this->width = robj.width;
counter++;
}
~rectangle()
{
cout << "The object having values " << this->length << " " << this->width
<< " has been destroyed." << endl;
 counter--;
}
int getLength() const
{
return this->length;
}
int getWidth() const
{
return this->width;
}
void setLength(int length)
{
this->length = length;
}
void setWidth(int width)
{
this->width = width;
}
int getArea()
{
int area;
area = this->length*this->width;
return area;
}
static int getCounter()
{
return counter;
}
};
int rectangle::counter = 0;

//rectangle.cpp
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include"rectangle.h"
void main()
{
{
cout << "Initial number of objects:" << rectangle::getCounter() << endl;
rectangle robj1; //default constructor
rectangle robj2(50, 30); //parameterized constructor
rectangle robj3 = robj1; //default (implicit) copy constructor
rectangle robj4(robj2); //user-defined copy constuctor

robj1.setLength(40);
robj1.setWidth(20);

robj2.setLength(60);
 cout << robj1.getLength() << " " << robj1.getWidth() <<" "<< robj1.getArea()<< endl;
cout << robj2.getLength() << " " << robj2.getWidth() <<" "<< robj2.getArea() << endl;
cout << robj3.getLength() << " " << robj3.getWidth() <<" "<< robj3.getArea() << endl;
cout << robj4.getLength() << " " << robj4.getWidth() <<" "<< robj4.getArea() << endl;

cout << "Final number of objects:" << rectangle::getCounter() << endl;

}//destructor exectues for each object
cout << "Now, after destructor executed the number of objects:" << rectangle::getCounter() << endl;
system("pause");
}

Exercises

1. Write a C++ code to

a. create ‘Sale’ class

Sale
taxRate:double
total:double
calcSale(double):void
Sale( )
Sale(trate:double,cost:double)
Sale(cost:double)
Sale(const Sale &sobj)
~Sale( )
GetTotal():double

 calcSale ( ): Private method that calculates the total of the sale when necessary.
o The formula to calculate total is: (total= cost + (cost *taxRate)
 Default Constructor: Initializes taxRate and total with default values (preferabbly zero (0))
 Parameterized Constructor (with two parameters): Accepts taxRate and cost as parameters
and initializes the taxRate and uses cost to calculate the total by calling calcSale
(private)method.
 Parameterized Constructor (with single parameter): Accepts cost as parameter and sets
taxRate to zero. Since the sale is tax free, to total of the sale should be equal to the cost.
 Copy Constructor: Copies the taxRate and total values of old object to new object.
 Destructor: Displays an appropriate message when an object is destroyed.

b. Write a main( ) function to test the class. (Create (at least) four objects that each one should
invoke different types of constructors)
SOLUTION
//sale.h
class sale{
double taxrate, total;

void calcSale(double cost)

{
this->total = cost + (cost*this->taxrate);
}
public:
static int counter;
sale()
{
this->taxrate = 0;
this->total = 0;
counter++;
}
sale(double taxrate, double cost)
{
this->taxrate = taxrate;
calcSale(cost);
counter++;
}
sale(double cost)
{
this->taxrate = 0.0;
this->total = cost;
counter++;
}
sale(const sale& sobj)
{
this->taxrate = sobj.taxrate;
this->total = sobj.total;
counter++;
}
~sale()
{
cout << "The object with total=" << this->total << " has been destroyed." << endl;
counter--;
}
double getTotal()
{
return this->total;
}

};
int sale::counter; //by default the initial value is ZERO (0)
//sale.cpp
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include"sale.h"
void main()
{
{
cout << "The number of sale objects:" << sale::counter<<endl;
sale sobj1;
sale sobj2(0.3, 550.50);
sale sobj3(85.75);
sale sobj4(sobj1);
cout << sobj1.getTotal() << endl;
cout << sobj2.getTotal() << endl;
cout << sobj3.getTotal() << endl;
cout << sobj4.getTotal() << endl;
cout << "The number of sale objects:" << sale::counter<<endl;
}
cout << "The number of sale objects:" << sale::counter << endl;
system("pause");
}
2. Write a C++ code to

Product
prodNo:int
name:string
year:int
price:double
prodCount:static int
Product( ) // default constructor
~Product( ) //destructor
Product(const &Product) //copy constructor
int getProdNo( ) const
string getName( ) const
int getYear( ) const
static int getprodCount( )
double getPrice( ) const
void setName(string)
void setYear(int)
void setPrice(double )

a) Create ‘product.h’ that will include the following;

 The Default Constructor
o accepts data from keyboard for private data members (name, year and price),
o increases prodCount by 1,
o assigns the current value of prodCount to prodNo so that each product can have a unique
value.
 Destructor decrements the prodCount by one and prints the name of the object that has been
destroyed. (i.e: “Product Anything has been deleted!”)
 Getter methods should return the corresponding data member.
 Setter methods should receive parameter from main() and change the corresponding data
member.
o A year value is invalid if it is less than 0 or greater than 4000. If the parameter is an invalid,
set year to 0 (zero).
o A price value is invalid if it is less than 0.0. If the parameter is an invalid, set price to 0.0
(zero).
 Initialize the static data member prodCount to 0.

b) Create ‘product.cpp’ <main( ) function should include the following steps:>

 Include necessary header files,
 Create 2 product objects,
 Display the name of the both objects,
 Create an array object for 5 products,
 Display the prodno, name, year and price of the array object,
 Display the total count of all products,
 Delete all objects that you have created.