Section 3: Solutions to 20 Challenging IB Math AAHL-Level Integrals
1. ∫ ∫(x^2 * ln(x)) dx
Use integration by parts:
Let u = ln(x), dv = x^2 dx
Then, du = 1/x dx, v = x^3/3
Result: (x^3 ln(x))/3 - ∫x^2 dx/3 = (x^3 ln(x))/3 - x^3/9 + C
2. ∫ ∫(e^x * cos(x)) dx
Use integration by parts twice:
Result: (e^x * sin(x) + e^x * cos(x)) / 2 + C
3. ∫ ∫(x / (x^2 + 1)) dx
Let u = x^2 + 1 → du = 2x dx
∫x/(x^2+1) dx = 1/2 ∫du/u = (1/2) ln|x^2 + 1| + C
4. ∫ ∫(tan^3(x)) dx
Rewrite as tan(x) * tan^2(x) = tan(x)(sec^2(x)-1)
Split into ∫tan(x)sec^2(x) dx - ∫tan(x) dx
Result: (1/2)tan^2(x) - ln|cos(x)| + C
5. ∫ ∫(x^3 / √(1 + x^4)) dx
Use substitution: u = x^2 → du = 2x dx
Then, x^3 dx = (1/2) u du
Now becomes (1/2) ∫u / √(1 + u^2) du = (1/4)(√(1 + x^4)) + C
6. ∫ ∫(ln(x))^2 dx
Use integration by parts:
Let u = (ln(x))^2, dv = dx
Then du = 2ln(x)/x dx, v = x
Result: x(ln(x))^2 - 2∫ln(x) dx = x(ln(x))^2 - 2x ln(x) + 2x + C
7. ∫ ∫(x * arctan(x)) dx
Use integration by parts:
Let u = arctan(x), dv = x dx
Then, du = 1/(1 + x^2) dx, v = x^2/2
Result: (x^2/2) arctan(x) - (1/2)(x - arctan(x)) + C
8. ∫ ∫(x^2 / (x^2 + 1)^2) dx
Use substitution or algebraic simplification:
Write numerator as (x^2 + 1 - 1)
Split: ∫(1/(x^2+1)) dx - ∫(1/(x^2+1)^2) dx
Result: arctan(x) - x/(2(x^2+1)) + C
9. ∫ ∫(1 / (x^4 + 1)) dx
Factor denominator as (x^2 + √2 x + 1)(x^2 - √2 x + 1) and use partial fractions.
Final form involves arctangent terms: Result: (1/4√2)[arctan((√2 x - 1)) + arctan((√2 x +
1))] + C
10. ∫ ∫(x * e^(x^2)) dx
Let u = x^2 → du = 2x dx
Then, ∫x e^(x^2) dx = (1/2) ∫e^u du = (1/2)e^(x^2) + C
11. ∫ ∫(arcsin(x)) dx
Use integration by parts:
Let u = arcsin(x), dv = dx
Then du = 1/√(1 - x^2) dx, v = x
Result: x arcsin(x) + √(1 - x^2) + C
12. ∫ ∫(x^2 * e^x) dx
Use IBP twice:
1st: u = x^2, dv = e^x dx → x^2 e^x - ∫2x e^x dx
2nd: ∫2x e^x dx = 2(x e^x - ∫e^x dx)
Result: x^2 e^x - 2x e^x + 2e^x + C
13. ∫ ∫(sin^3(x) * cos(x)) dx
Use u = sin(x) → du = cos(x) dx
Then ∫u^3 du = (1/4) sin^4(x) + C
14. ∫ ∫(1 / (1 + cos(x))) dx
Multiply numerator and denominator by (1 - cos(x))
Use identity: 1 - cos^2(x) = sin^2(x)
Result: ∫(1 - cos(x))/sin^2(x) dx = -cot(x) + csc(x) + C
15. ∫ ∫(1 / √(4x - x^2)) dx
Complete the square: 4x - x^2 = 4 - (x - 2)^2
Let u = x - 2 → dx = du
∫1/√(4 - u^2) du = arcsin(u/2) + C = arcsin((x - 2)/2) + C
16. ∫ ∫(1 / (x * √(x^2 - 1))) dx
Use substitution u = √(x^2 - 1), or direct formula.
Result: arcsec(x) + C
17. ∫ ∫(1 / (x^2 + 2x + 5)) dx
Complete the square: x^2 + 2x + 5 = (x + 1)^2 + 4
Then ∫dx/[(x+1)^2 + 2^2] = (1/2) arctan((x+1)/2) + C
18. ∫ ∫(x / √(1 - x^2)) dx
Use substitution u = 1 - x^2 → du = -2x dx
So, ∫x / √(1 - x^2) dx = -1/2 ∫du / √u = -√(1 - x^2)/2 + C
19. ∫ ∫(1 / (x^2 * √(x^2 - 1))) dx
Use substitution u = 1/x
Then becomes ∫du / √(1 - u^2) = arcsin(u) = arcsin(1/x) + C
20. ∫ ∫(x * ln(x^2 + 1)) dx
Use substitution u = x^2 + 1 → du = 2x dx
Then ∫x ln(x^2+1) dx = (1/2) ∫ln(u) du = (1/2)(u ln(u) - u) + C = (1/2)((x^2+1)ln(x^2+1) -
x^2 - 1) + C
