Object-Oriented Java
1. Class and Object
Basic class and object creation.
class Person {
String name;
int age;
Person(String n, int a) { name = n; age = a; }
void info() { System.out.println(name+" - "+age); }
}
public class PersonDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person p = new Person("Raman", 30);
p.info();
}
}
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2. Constructor Overloading
Multiple constructors example.
class Box {
int w,h;
Box() { w=h=1; }
Box(int x,int y) { w=x; h=y; }
}
public class BoxDemo { public static void main(String[] args){ Box b1=new Box(); Box b2=ne
w Box(3,4); System.out.println(b2.w*b2.h); }}
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3. Encapsulation
Private fields with getters/setters.
class Encapsulate {
private int value;
public int getValue(){ return value; }
public void setValue(int v){ if (v>=0) value=v; }
}
public class EncapsulateDemo { public static void main(String[] args){ Encapsulate e=new E
ncapsulate(); e.setValue(10); System.out.println(e.getValue()); }}
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4. Inheritance
Subclass extends superclass.
class Animal { void sound(){ System.out.println("Some sound"); }}
class Dog extends Animal { void sound(){ System.out.println("Bark"); }}
public class InheritDemo{ public static void main(String[] args){ Animal a=new Dog(); a.so
und(); }}
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5. Polymorphism
Method overriding & dynamic dispatch.
class Shape { void draw(){ System.out.println("Shape"); }}
class Circle extends Shape { void draw(){ System.out.println("Circle"); }}
public class PolyDemo{ public static void main(String[] args){ Shape s=new Circle(); s.dra
w(); }}
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6. Abstract Class
Abstract methods and class.
abstract class Vehicle { abstract void move(); }
class Car extends Vehicle { void move(){ System.out.println("Car moves"); }}
public class AbstractDemo{ public static void main(String[] args){ Vehicle v=new Car(); v.
move(); }}
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7. Interface
Multiple inheritance via interfaces.
interface Flyable { void fly(); }
class Bird implements Flyable { public void fly(){ System.out.println("Bird flying"); }}
public class InterfaceDemo{ public static void main(String[] args){ Flyable f=new Bird();
f.fly(); }}
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8. Static Members
Static field and method example.
class Counter { static int count=0; Counter(){ count++; } }
public class StaticDemo{ public static void main(String[] args){ new Counter(); new Counte
r(); System.out.println(Counter.count); }}
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9. Inner Class
Non-static inner class usage.
class Outer { class Inner { void msg(){ System.out.println("Hello from inner"); } } }
public class InnerDemo{ public static void main(String[] args){ Outer o=new Outer(); Outer
.Inner i=o.new Inner(); i.msg(); }}
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10. Enum
Define and use enum.
enum Day { MON, TUE, WED }
public class EnumDemo{ public static void main(String[] args){ for (Day d: Day.values()) S
ystem.out.println(d); }}
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11. ToString Override
Override toString for readable output.
class Point { int x,y; Point(int x,int y){this.x=x;this.y=y;} public String toString(){ re
turn "("+x+","+y+")"; }}
public class ToStringDemo{ public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println(new
Point(2,3)); }}
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12. Equals and HashCode
Override equals() and hashCode().
class Item { int id; Item(int id){this.id=id;} public boolean equals(Object o){ if(!(o ins
tanceof Item)) return false; return id==((Item)o).id;} public int hashCode(){ return Integ
er.hashCode(id);} }
public class EqualsDemo{ public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println(new It
em(1).equals(new Item(1))); }}
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