Solutions

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Complete Solutions Manual
for
SINGLE VARIABLE CALCULUS
EARLY TRANSCENDENTALS
SEVENTH EDITION

DANIEL ANDERSON
University of Iowa

JEFFERY A. COLE
Anoka-Ramsey Community College

DANIEL DRUCKER
Wayne State University

Australia . Brazil . Japan . Korea . Mexico . Singapore . Spain . United Kingdom . United States

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 Solutions
Full Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
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 Solutions
Full Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
file at https://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stewart/

■ PREFACE
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This Complete Solutions Manual contains solutions to all exercises in the text Single Variable
Calculus, Early Transcendentals, Seventh Edition, by James Stewart. A student version of this
manual is also available; it contains solutions to the odd-numbered exercises in each section, the
review sections, the True-False Quizzes, and the Problem Solving sections, as well as solutions to
all the exercises in the Concept Checks. No solutions to the projects appear in the student version.
It is our hope that by browsing through the solutions, professors will save time in determining
appropriate assignments for their particular class.
We use some nonstandard notation in order to save space. If you see a symbol that you don’t
recognize, refer to the Table of Abbreviations and Symbols on page iv.
We appreciate feedback concerning errors, solution correctness or style, and manual style. Any
comments may be sent directly to [email protected], or in care of the publisher:
Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 20 Davis Drive, Belmont CA 94002-3098.
We would like to thank Stephanie Kuhns and Kathi Townes, of TECHarts, for their production
services; and Elizabeth Neustaetter, of Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, for her patience and sup-
port. All of these people have provided invaluable help in creating this manual.

Jeffery A. Cole
Anoka-Ramsey Community College

James Stewart
McMaster University
and University of Toronto

Daniel Drucker
Wayne State University

Daniel Anderson
University of Iowa

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 Solutions
Full Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
file at https://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stewart/

■ ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

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CD concave downward
CU concave upward
D the domain of i
FDT First Derivative Test
HA horizontal asymptote(s)
I interval of convergence
IP inßection point(s)
R radius of convergence
VA vertical asymptote(s)
CAS
= indicates the use of a computer algebra system.
H
= indicates the use of l’Hospital’s Rule.
m
= indicates the use of Formula m in the Table of Integrals in the back endpapers.
s
= indicates the use of the substitution {x = sin {> gx = cos { g{}.
c
= indicates the use of the substitution {x = cos {> gx = 3 sin { g{}.

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 Solutions
Full Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
file at https://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stewart/

■ CONTENTS
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■ DIAGNOSTIC TESTS 1

1 ■ FUNCTIONS AND MODELS 9

1.1 Four Ways to Represent a Function 9

1.2 Mathematical Models: A Catalog of Essential Functions 20
1.3 New Functions from Old Functions 27
1.4 Graphing Calculators and Computers 38
1.5 Exponential Functions 46
1.6 Inverse Functions and Logarithms 51
Review 61

Principles of Problem Solving 69

2 ■ LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES 75

2.1 The Tangent and Velocity Problems 75

2.2 The Limit of a Function 78
2.3 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws 87
2.4 The Precise Definition of a Limit 97
2.5 Continuity 104
2.6 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes 115
2.7 Derivatives and Rates of Change 129
2.8 The Derivative as a Function 140
Review 153

Problems Plus 165

3 ■ DIFFERENTIATION RULES 169

3.1 Derivatives of Polynomials and Exponential Functions 169

Applied Project ■
Building a Better Roller Coaster 179
3.2 The Product and Quotient Rules 182

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 Solutions
Full Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
file at https://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stewart/

vi ■ CONTENTS

3.3 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions 191

3.4 The Chain Rule 198
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Applied Project Where Should a Pilot Start Descent? 210
■

3.5 Implicit Differentiation 210

Laboratory Project ■
Families of Implicit Curves 224
3.6 Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions 225
3.7 Rates of Change in the Natural and Social Sciences 231
3.8 Exponential Growth and Decay 240
3.9 Related Rates 245
3.10 Linear Approximations and Differentials 253
Laboratory Project ■
Taylor Polynomials 260
3.11 Hyperbolic Functions 262
Review 270

Problems Plus 285

4 ■ APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION 297

4.1 Maximum and Minimum Values 297

Applied Project ■
The Calculus of Rainbows 307
4.2 The Mean Value Theorem 309
4.3 How Derivatives Affect the Shape of a Graph 314
4.4 Indeterminate Forms and l’Hospital’s Rule 338
4.5 Summary of Curve Sketching 350
4.6 Graphing with Calculus and Calculators 374
4.7 Optimization Problems 394
Applied Project ■
The Shape of a Can 415
4.8 Newton’s Method 416
4.9 Antiderivatives 427
Review 437

Problems Plus 461

5 ■ INTEGRALS 471

5.1 Areas and Distances 471

5.2 The Definite Integral 481
Discovery Project ■
Area Functions 492
5.3 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 494

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 Solutions
Full Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
file at https://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stewart/

CONTENTS ■ vii

5.4 Indefinite Integrals and the Net Change Theorem 505

5.5 The Substitution Rule 511
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Review 521

Problems Plus 531

6 ■ APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION 537

6.1 Areas Between Curves 537

Applied Project ■
The Gini Index 549
6.2 Volumes 550
6.3 Volumes by Cylindrical Shells 566
6.4 Work 576
6.5 Average Value of a Function 582
Applied Project ■
Calculus and Baseball 585
Applied Project ■
Where To Sit at the Movies 586
Review 587

Problems Plus 595

7 ■ TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION 603

7.1 Integration by Parts 603

7.2 Trigonometric Integrals 615
7.3 Trigonometric Substitution 624
7.4 Integration of Rational Functions by Partial Fractions 635
7.5 Strategy for Integration 652
7.6 Integration Using Tables and Computer Algebra Systems 664
Discovery Project ■
Patterns in Integrals 673
7.7 Approximate Integration 675
7.8 Improper Integrals 689
Review 703

Problems Plus 719

8 ■ FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION 727

8.1 Arc Length 727

Discovery Project ■
Arc Length Contest 735

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 Solutions
Full Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
file at https://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stewart/

viii ■ CONTENTS

8.2 Area of a Surface of Revolution 735

Discovery Project ■
Rotating on a Slant 743
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8.3 Applications to Physics and Engineering 744
Discovery Project ■
Complementary Coffee Cups 757
8.4 Applications to Economics and Biology 758
8.5 Probability 761
Review 765

Problems Plus 771

9 ■ DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 781

9.1 Modeling with Differential Equations 781

9.2 Direction Fields and Euler’s Method 784
9.3 Separable Equations 792
Applied Project ■
How Fast Does a Tank Drain? 805
Applied Project ■
Which Is Faster, Going Up or Coming Down? 806
9.4 Models for Population Growth 807
9.5 Linear Equations 817
9.6 Predator-Prey Systems 824
Review 829

Problems Plus 837

10 ■ PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS AND POLAR COORDINATES 843

10.1 Curves Defined by Parametric Equations 843

Laboratory Project ■
Running Circles Around Circles 857
10.2 Calculus with Parametric Curves 860
Laboratory Project ■
Bézier Curves 874
10.3 Polar Coordinates 875
Laboratory Project ■
Families of Polar Curves 890
10.4 Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates 893
10.5 Conic Sections 905
10.6 Conic Sections in Polar Coordinates 916
Review 922

Problems Plus 935

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 Solutions
Full Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
file at https://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stewart/

CONTENTS ■ ix

11 ■ INFINITE SEQUENCES AND SERIES 939

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11.1 Sequences 939
Laboratory Project ■
Logistic Sequences 952
11.2 Series 956
11.3 The Integral Test and Estimates of Sums 971
11.4 The Comparison Tests 980
11.5 Alternating Series 985
11.6 Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests 991
11.7 Strategy for Testing Series 998
11.8 Power Series 1002
11.9 Representations of Functions as Power Series 1011
11.10 Taylor and Maclaurin Series 1021
Laboratory Project ■
An Elusive Limit 1036
11.11 Applications of Taylor Polynomials 1037
Applied Project ■
Radiation from the Stars 1051
Review 1052

Problems Plus 1065

■ APPENDIXES 1077

A Numbers, Inequalities, and Absolute Values 1077

B Coordinate Geometry and Lines 1082

C Graphs of Second-Degree Equations 1088

D Trigonometry 1092
E Sigma Notation 1100

G The Logarithm Defined as an Integral 1104

H Complex Numbers 1105

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 Solutions
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N OT FOR SA L E
Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
file at https://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stewart/

40 ¤ CHAPTER 1 FUNCTIONS AND MODELS

2
6. 15{ 3 { D 0 i {(15 3 {) D 0 i 0 $ { $ 15, so the domain
I
of the root function i ({) = 15{ 3 {2 is [0> 15]. The graph is a
s://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stew
semicircle, so an appropriate viewing rectangle should make it look like a
semicircle.

7. The graph of i ({) = {3 3 225{ is symmetric with respect to the origin.

Since i ({) = {3 3 225{ = {({2 3 225) = {({ + 15)({ 3 15), there

are {-intercepts at 0, 315, and 15. i (20) = 3500.

8. The graph of i ({) = {@({2 + 100) is symmetric with respect to the

origin.

2
9. The period of j({) = sin(1000{) is 1000
E 0=0063 and its range is

[31> 1]. Since i ({) = sin2 (1000{) is the square of j, its range is

[0> 1] and a viewing rectangle of [30=01> 0=01] by [0> 1=1] seems

appropriate.

2
10. The period of i ({) = cos(0=001{) is 0=001
E 6300 and its range

is [31> 1], so a viewing rectangle of [310,000> 10,000] by

[31=5> 1=5] seems appropriate.

I I
11. The domain of | = { is { D 0, so the domain of i({) = sin { is [0> ")

and the range is [31> 1]. With a little trial-and-error experimentation, we ¿nd

that an Xmax of 100 illustrates the general shape of i , so an appropriate

viewing rectangle is [0> 100] by [31=5> 1=5].

I N ST RU CT OR U SE ON L Y
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 Solutions
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N OT FOR SA L E
Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
file at https://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stewart/

140 ¤ CHAPTER 2 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES

0
52. (a) V (W ) is the rate of change of the maximum sustainable speed of Coho salmon with respect to the temperature. Its units

are (cm@s)@ C.
s://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stew
(b) For W = 15 C, it appears the tangent line to the curve goes through the points (10> 25) and (20> 32). So
32 3 25
V 0 (15) E = 0=7 (cm@s)@ C. This tells us that at W = 15 C, the maximum sustainable speed of Coho salmon is
20 3 10
changing at a rate of 0.7 (cm@s)@ C. In a similar fashion for W = 25 C, we can use the points (20> 35) and (25> 25) to
25 3 35
obtain V 0 (25) E = 32 (cm@s)@ C. As it gets warmer than 20 C, the maximum sustainable speed decreases
25 3 20
rapidly.

53. Since i ({) = { sin(1@{) when { 6= 0 and i (0) = 0, we have

i (0 + k) 3 i (0) k sin(1@k) 3 0
i 0 (0) = lim = lim = lim sin(1@k). This limit does not exist since sin(1@k) takes the
k<0 k k<0 k k<0

values 31 and 1 on any interval containing 0. (Compare with Example 4 in Section 2.2.)

54. Since i({) = {2 sin(1@{) when { 6= 0 and i (0) = 0, we have

i (0 + k) 3 i (0) k2 sin(1@k) 3 0 1
i 0 (0) = lim = lim = lim k sin(1@k). Since 31 $ sin $ 1, we have
k<0 k k<0 k k<0 k
1 1
3 |k| $ |k| sin $ |k| i 3 |k| $ k sin $ |k|. Because lim (3 |k|) = 0 and lim |k| = 0, we know that
k k k<0 k<0
 
1
lim k sin = 0 by the Squeeze Theorem. Thus, i 0 (0) = 0.
k<0 k

2.8 The Derivative as a Function

1. It appears that i is an odd function, so i 0 will be an even function—that

is, i 0 (3d) = i 0 (d).

(a) i 0 (33) E 30=2
(b) i 0 (32) E 0 (c) i 0 (31) E 1 (d) i 0 (0) E 2
(e) i 0 (1) E 1 (f) i 0 (2) E 0 (g) i 0 (3) E 30=2

2. Your answers may vary depending on your estimates.

(a) Note: By estimating the slopes of tangent lines on the

graph of i , it appears that i 0 (0) E 6.
(b) i 0 (1) E 0
(c) i 0 (2) E 31=5 (d) i 0 (3) E 31=3 (e) i 0 (4) E 30=8
(f) i 0 (5) E 30=3 (g) i 0 (6) E 0 (h) i 0 (7) E 0=2

I N ST RU CT OR U SE ON L Y
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Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
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290 ¤ CHAPTER 3 PROBLEMS PLUS

9 |0 9 |0
equation is | 3 |0 = ({ 3 {0 ). So the {-intercept {Q for the normal line is given by 0 3 |0 = ({Q 3 {0 ) i
4 {0 4 {0
4{0 5{0 9 |0 9|0 5|0
{Q = 3 + {0 = , and the |-intercept |Q is given by |Q 3 |0 = (0 3 {0 ) i |Q = 3 + |0 = 3 .
s://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stew
9 9 4 {0 4 4
 
So as {0 takes on all values in (0> 3), {Q takes on all values in 0> 53 , and as |0 takes on all values in (0> 2), |Q takes on
 
all values in 3 25 > 0 .

sin(3 + {)2 3 sin 9

18. lim = i 0 (3) where i({) = sin {2 . Now i 0 ({) = (cos {2 )(2{), so i 0 (3) = 6 cos 9.
{<0 {

19. (a) If the two lines O1 and O2 have slopes p1 and p2 and angles of

inclination !1 and !2 , then p1 = tan !1 and p2 = tan !2 . The triangle

in the ¿gure shows that !1 +  + (180 3 !2 ) = 180 and so

 = !2 3 !1 . Therefore, using the identity for tan({ 3 |), we have

tan !2 3 tan !1 p2 3 p1
tan  = tan(!2 3 !1 ) = and so tan  = .
1 + tan !2 tan !1 1 + p1 p2

(b) (i) The parabolas intersect when {2 = ({ 3 2)2 i { = 1. If | = {2 , then | 0 = 2{, so the slope of the tangent
to | = {2 at (1> 1) is p1 = 2(1) = 2. If | = ({ 3 2)2 , then | 0 = 2({ 3 2), so the slope of the tangent to
p2 3 p1 32 3 2 4
| = ({ 3 2)2 at (1> 1) is p2 = 2(1 3 2) = 32. Therefore, tan  = = = and
1 + p1 p2 1 + 2(32) 3
4
so  = tan31 3
E 53 [or 127 ].

(ii) {2 3 | 2 = 3 and {2 3 4{ + | 2 + 3 = 0 intersect when {2 3 4{ + ({2 3 3) + 3 = 0 C 2{({ 3 2) = 0 i

{ = 0 or 2, but 0 is extraneous. If { = 2, then | = ±1. If {2 3 | 2 = 3 then 2{ 3 2|| 0 = 0 i | 0 = {@| and
23{
{2 3 4{ + | 2 + 3 = 0 i 2{ 3 4 + 2|| 0 = 0 i |0 = . At (2> 1) the slopes are p1 = 2 and
|
p2 = 0, so tan  = 032
1+2·0
= 32 i  E 117 . At (2> 31) the slopes are p1 = 32 and p2 = 0>

0 3 (32)
so tan  = = 2 i  E 63 [or 117 ].
1 + (32)(0)

20. | 2 = 4s{ i 2||0 = 4s i | 0 = 2s@| i slope of tangent at S ({1 > |1 ) is p1 = 2s@|1 . The slope of I S is
|1
p2 = , so by the formula from Problem 19(a),
{1 3 s
|1 2s
3
{1 3 s | | ({ 3 s) | 2 3 2s({1 3 s)
tan  =   1  · 1 1 = 1
2s |1 |1 ({1 3 s) |1 ({1 3 s) + 2s|1
1+
|1 {1 3 s
4s{1 3 2s{1 + 2s2 2s(s + {1 ) 2s
= = =
{1 |1 3 s|1 + 2s|1 |1 (s + {1 ) |1
= slope of tangent at S = tan 

Since 0 $ ,  $ 2, this proves that  = .

I N ST RU CT OR U SE ON L Y
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 Solutions
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N OT FOR SA L E
Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
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440 ¤ CHAPTER 4 APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION

3{ 3 4 ({2 + 1)(3) 3 (3{ 3 4)(2{) 3(3{2 3 8{ 3 3) 3(3{ + 1)({ 3 3)

3. i ({) = , [32> 2]. i 0 ({) = = = .
{ +1
2 ({ + 1)
2 2 ({2 + 1)2 ({2 + 1)2

i 0 ({) = 0 i { = 3 1 or { = 3, but 3 is not in the interval. i 0 ({) A 0 for 3 1 ? { ? 2 and i 0 ({) ? 0 for
s://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stew
 
3 3

32 ? { ? 3 31 , so i 3 31 = 35
10@9 = 3 29 is a local minimum value. Checking the endpoints, we ¿nd i (32) = 32 and
 
i (2) = 25 . Thus, i 3 31 = 3 92 is the absolute minimum value and i(2) = 2
5
is the absolute maximum value.

I 2{ + 1 1
4. i ({) = {2 + { + 1, [32> 1]. i 0 ({) = 21 ({2 + { + 1)31@2 (2{ + 1) = I . i 0 ({) = 0 i { = 3 .
2 {2 + { + 1 2
  I
i 0 ({) A 0 for 3 12 ? { ? 1 and i 0 ({) ? 0 for 32 ? { ? 3 21 , so i 3 12 = 3@2 is a local minimum value. Checking the
I   I I
endpoints, we ¿nd i (32) = i (1) = 3. Thus, i 3 12 = 3@2 is the absolute minimum value and i (32) = i(1) = 3 is

the absolute maximum value.

5. i ({) = { + 2 cos {, [3> ]. i 0 ({) = 1 3 2 sin {. i 0 ({) = 0 i sin { = 12 i { = 6 , 5 6

. i 0 ({) A 0 for
      5    I
3> 6 and 5 0
6 >  , and i ({) ? 0 for 6 > 6
, so i 6 = 6 + 3 E 2=26 is a local maximum value and
  5 I
i 56
= 6 3 3 E 0=89 is a local minimum value. Checking the endpoints, we ¿nd i (3) = 3 3 2 E 35=14 and
  I
i () =  3 2 E 1=14. Thus, i (3) = 3 3 2 is the absolute minimum value and i 6 = 6 + 3 is the absolute

maximum value.

6. i ({) = {2 h3{ , [31> 3]. i 0 ({) = {2 (3h3{ ) + h3{ (2{) = {h3{ (3{ + 2). i 0 ({) = 0 i { = 0 or { = 2.

i 0 ({) A 0 for 0 ? { ? 2 and i 0 ({) ? 0 for 31 ? { ? 0 and 2 ? { ? 3, so i(0) = 0 is a local minimum value and

i (2) = 4h32 E 0=54 is a local maximum value. Checking the endpoints, we ¿nd i (31) = h E 2=72 and

i (3) = 9h33 E 0=45. Thus, i (0) = 0 is the absolute minimum value and i (31) = h is the absolute maximum value.

0 h{ 3 1 H h{ 1
7. This limit has the form 0
. lim = lim = =1
{<0 tan { {<0 sec2 { 1

0 tan 4{ H 4 sec2 4{ 4(1) 4

8. This limit has the form 0. lim = lim = =
{<0 { + sin 2{ {<0 1 + 2 cos 2{ 1 + 2(1) 3

h4{ 3 1 3 4{ H 4h4{ 3 4 H 16h4{

9. This limit has the form 0
0
. lim = lim = lim = lim 8h4{ = 8 · 1 = 8
{<0 {2 {<0 2{ {<0 2 {<0

" h4{ 3 1 3 4{ H 4h4{ 3 4 H 16h4{

10. This limit has the form "
. lim = lim = lim = lim 8h4{ = "
{<" {2 {<" 2{ {<" 2 {<"

11. This limit has the form " · 0.

{2 3 {3  "  H 2{ 3 3{2  " 

lim ({2 3 {3 )h2{ = lim 32{ "
form = lim "
form
{<3" {<3" h {<3" 32h32{

H 2 3 6{  "  H 36
= lim "
form = lim =0
{<3" 4h32{ {<3" 38h32{

{ 3  0  H 1 1
12. This limit has the form 0 · ". lim ({ 3 ) csc { = lim form = lim = = 31
{<  {<  sin { 0 {<  cos { 31

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 Solutions
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Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
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590 ¤ CHAPTER 6 APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION

2 2 2
11. The graph of { 3 | = d is a hyperbola with right and left branches.
I
Solving for | gives us | 2 = {2 3 d2 i | = ± {2 3 d2 .
s://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stew
We’ll use shells and the height of each shell is
I  I  I
{2 3 d2 3 3 {2 3 d2 = 2 {2 3 d2 .
U d+k I
The volume is Y = d 2{ · 2 {2 3 d2 g{. To evaluate, let x = {2 3 d2 ,
1
so gx = 2{ g{ and { g{ = 2
gx. When { = d, x = 0, and when { = d + k,

x = (d + k)2 3 d2 = d2 + 2dk + k2 3 d2 = 2dk + k2 .

] 2dk+k2 I 1  
2
2dk+k2
4  3@2
Thus, Y = 4 x gx = 2 x3@2 =  2dk + k2 .
0 2 3 0 3

12. A shell has radius {, circumference 2{, and height tan { 3 {.

U @3
Y = 0
2{ (tan { 3 {) g{


 
13. A shell has radius 2 3 {, circumference 2 2 3 { , and height cos2 { 3 14 .

| = cos2 { intersects | = 1
4 when cos2 { = 1
4 C

cos { = ± 21 [ |{| $ @2] C { = ± 3 .

] @3   1

2
Y = 2 3 { cos { 3 g{
3@3 2 4

2
I
14. A washer has outer radius 2 3 { and inner radius 2 3 {.
] 1   I 2 
Y =  (2 3 {2 )2 3 2 3 { g{
0

15. (a) A cross-section is a washer with inner radius {2 and outer radius {.
U1  2  U1  1  
Y = 0
 ({) 3 ({2 )2 g{ = 0 ({2 3 {4 ) g{ =  31 {3 3 15 {5 0 =  31 3 51 = 2
15

s
(b) A cross-section is a washer with inner radius | and outer radius |.
 
U 1 s 2 U1  1   
Y = 0  | 3 | 2 g| = 0 (| 3 | 2 ) g| =  21 | 2 3 13 | 3 0 =  21 3 13 = 6

(c) A cross-section is a washer with inner radius 2 3 { and outer radius 2 3 {2 .

U1   U1  1  
Y = 0  (2 3 {2 )2 3 (2 3 {)2 g{ = 0 ({4 3 5{2 + 4{) g{ =  15 {5 3 53 {3 + 2{2 0 =  51 3 5
3 +2 = 8
15 

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 Solutions
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Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
file at https://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stewart/

740 ¤ CHAPTER 8 FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION

] "
I ] " 2 ] "
{4 + 1 { 1
V = 2 g{ A 2 g{ = 2 g{. But we know that this integral diverges, so the area V
1 {3 1 {3 1 {

is in¿nite.
s://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stew
U" s U" s
26. V = 0
2| 1 + (g|@g{)2 g{ = 2 0 h3{ 1 + (3h3{ )2 g{ [| = h{ , |0 = h{ ].

U s
Evaluate L = h3{ 1 + (3h3{ )2 g{ by using the substitution x = 3h3{ , gx = h3{ g{:
UI 21 I  I  I  I 
L= 1 + x2 gx = 21 x 1 + x2 + 1
2
ln x + 1 + x2 + F = 12 (3h3{ ) 1 + h32{ + 1
2
ln 3h3{ + 1 + h32{ + F.

Returning to the surface area integral, we have

Uw s  I  I w
V = 2 lim 0 h3{ 1 + (3h3{ )2 g{ = 2 lim 12 (3h3{ ) 1 + h32{ + 1
2
ln 3h3{ + 1 + h32{ 0
w<" w<"
1 I  I   I  I 
= 2 lim 2
(3h3w ) 1 + h32w + 1
2
ln 3h3w + 1 + h32w 3 12 (31) 1 + 1 + 1
2
ln 31 + 1 + 1
w<"
I 1  I   I  I 
= 2 1 + 21 ln 0 + 1 3 3 21 2 + 12 ln 31 + 2
2
(0)
I I  I I 
= 2 [0] + 12 2 3 ln 2 3 1 =  2 3 ln 2 3 1

2 2
27. Since d A 0, the curve 3d| = {(d 3 {) only has points with { D 0.

[3d|2 D 0 i {(d 3 {)2 D 0 i { D 0.]

The curve is symmetric about the x-axis (since the equation is unchanged
when | is replaced by 3|). | = 0 when { = 0 or d, so the curve’s loop
extends from { = 0 to { = d.

g g g| g| (d 3 {)[32{ + d 3 {]
(3d| 2 ) = [{(d 3 {)2 ] i 6d| = { · 2(d 3 {)(31) + (d 3 {)2 i = i
g{ g{ g{ g{ 6d|
 2  
g| (d 3 {)2 (d 3 3{)2 (d 3 {)2 (d 3 3{)2 3d the last fraction (d 3 3{)2
= = · 2 = i
g{ 36d2 | 2 36d2 {(d 3 {)2 is 1@| 12d{
 2
g| d2 3 6d{ + 9{2 12d{ d2 3 6d{ + 9{2 d2 + 6d{ + 9{2 (d + 3{)2
1+ =1+ = + = = for { 6= 0.
g{ 12d{ 12d{ 12d{ 12d{ 12d{
] d ] dI ] d
{ (d 3 {) d + 3{ (d 3 {)(d + 3{)
(a) V = 2| gv = 2 I ·I g{ = 2 g{
{=0 0 3d 12d{ 0 6d
] d
  2 d  3  d2
= (d2 + 2d{ 3 3{2 ) g{ = d { + d{2 3 {3 0 = (d + d3 3 d3 ) = · d3 = .
3d 0 3d 3d 3d 3
Note that we have rotated the top half of the loop about the x-axis. This generates the full surface.

(b) We must rotate the full loop about the |-axis, so we get double the area obtained by rotating the top half of the loop:
] d ] d ] d ] d
d + 3{ 4 2
V = 2 · 2 { gv = 4 {I g{ = I {1@2 (d + 3{) g{ = I (d{1@2 + 3{3@2 ) g{
{=0 0 12d{ 2 3d 0 3d 0
 d I   I   I  
2 2 3@2 6 5@2 2 3 2 5@2 6 5@2 2 3 2 6 2 2 3 28 2
= I d{ + { = I d + d = + d = d
3d 3 5 0 3 d 3 5 3 3 5 3 15
I
56 3 d2
=
45

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Manual Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 7th edition by James Stewart
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790 ¤ CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

(b) Now {1 = {0 + k = 0 + 0=1 = 0=1, {2 = 0=2, {3 = 0=3, and {4 = 0=4.

|1 = |0 + kI ({0 > |0 ) = 0 + 0=1I (0> 0) = 0=1(0) = 0.
s://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stew
|2 = |1 + kI ({1 > |1 ) = 0 + 0=1I (0=1> 0) = 0=1(0=1) = 0=01.
|3 = |2 + kI ({2 > |2 ) = 0=01 + 0=1I (0=2> 0=01) = 0=01 + 0=1(0=2001) = 0=03001.
|4 = |3 + kI ({3 > |3 ) = 0=03001 + 0=1I (0=3> 0=03001) = 0=03001 + 0=1(0=3009006001) = 0=06010006001.
Thus, |(0=4) E 0=06.

25. (a) g|@g{ + 3{ | = 6{

2 2
i | 0 = 6{2 3 3{2 |. Store this expression in Y1 and use the following simple program to

evaluate |(1) for each part, using H = k = 1 and N = 1 for part (i), H = 0=1 and N = 10 for part (ii), and so forth.

k < H: 0 < X: 3 < Y:

For(I, 1, N): Y + H × Y1 < Y: X + H < X:
End(loop):
Display Y. [To see all iterations, include this statement in the loop.]
(i) H = 1, N = 1 i |(1) = 3
(ii) H = 0=1, N = 10 i |(1) E 2=3928

(iii) H = 0=01, N = 100 i |(1) E 2=3701

(iv) H = 0=001> N = 1000 i |(1) E 2=3681

3 3
(b) | = 2 + h3{ i | 0 = 33{2 h3{
3
 3
 3 3
LHS = | 0 + 3{2 | = 33{2 h3{ + 3{2 2 + h3{ = 33{2 h3{ + 6{2 + 3{2 h3{ = 6{2 = RHS

|(0) = 2 + h30 = 2 + 1 = 3

3
(c) The exact value of |(1) is 2 + h31 = 2 + h31 .
(i) For k = 1: (exact value) 3 (approximate value) = 2 + h31 3 3 E 30=6321

(ii) For k = 0=1: (exact value) 3 (approximate value) = 2 + h31 3 2=3928 E 30=0249

(iii) For k = 0=01: (exact value) 3 (approximate value) = 2 + h31 3 2=3701 E 30=0022

(iv) For k = 0=001: (exact value) 3 (approximate value) = 2 + h31 3 2=3681 E 30=0002

In (ii)–(iv), it seems that when the step size is divided by 10, the error estimate is also divided by 10 (approximately).

26. (a) We use the program from the solution to Exercise 25 (b)
with Y1 = {3 3 | 3 , H = 0=01, and N = 230
0=01
= 200.
With ({0 > |0 ) = (0> 1), we get |(2) E 1=9000.

Notice from the graph that |(2) E 1=9, which serves as

a check on our calculation in part (a).

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990 ¤ CHAPTER 11 INFINITE SEQUENCES AND SERIES

S" (31)q31 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
31. = 1 3 + 3 + ··· + 3 + 3 + · · · . The 50th partial sum of this series is an
q=1 q 2 3 4 49 50 51 52
" (31)q31
   
S 1 1 1 1
s://buklibry.com/download/solutions-manual-single-variable-calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition-by-james-stew
underestimate, since = v50 + 3 + 3 + · · · , and the terms in parentheses are all positive.
q=1 q 51 52 53 54

The result can be seen geometrically in Figure 1.

1 1 1
32. If s A 0, $ s ({1@qs } is decreasing) and lim s = 0, so the series converges by the Alternating Series Test.
(q + 1)s q q<" q

(31)q31 S" (31)q31

If s $ 0, lim s
does not exist, so the series diverges by the Test for Divergence. Thus,
q<" q q=1 qs

converges C s A 0.

1
33. Clearly eq = is decreasing and eventually positive and lim eq = 0 for any s. So the series converges (by the
q+s q<"

Alternating Series Test) for any s for which every eq is de¿ned, that is, q + s 6= 0 for q D 1, or s is not a negative integer.

(ln {)s (ln {)s31 (s 3 ln {)

34. Let i ({) = . Then i 0 ({) = ? 0 if { A hs so i is eventually decreasing for every s. Clearly
{ {2
(ln q)s
lim = 0 if s $ 0, and if s A 0 we can apply l’Hospital’s Rule [[s + 1]] times to get a limit of 0 as well. So the series
q<" q
converges for all s (by the Alternating Series Test).

S S S
35. e2q = 1@(2q)2 clearly converges (by comparison with the s-series for s = 2). So suppose that (31)q31 eq
S    S 1
converges. Then by Theorem 11.2.8(ii), so does (31)q31 eq + eq = 2 1 + 1
3
+ 1
5
+··· = 2 . But this
2q 3 1
S
diverges by comparison with the harmonic series, a contradiction. Therefore, (31)q31 eq must diverge. The Alternating

Series Test does not apply since {eq } is not decreasing.

36. (a) We will prove this by induction. Let S (q) be the proposition that v2q = k2q 3 kq . S (1) is the statement v2 = k2 3 k1 ,

1
 
which is true since 1 3 2
= 1 + 12 3 1. So suppose that S (q) is true. We will show that S (q + 1) must be true as a
consequence.
   
1 1 1 1 1
k2q+2 3 kq+1 = k2q + + 3 kq + = (k2q 3 kq ) + 3
2q + 1 2q + 2 q+1 2q + 1 2q + 2
1 1
= v2q + 3 = v2q+2
2q + 1 2q + 2
which is S (q + 1), and proves that v2q = k2q 3 kq for all q.

(b) We know that k2q 3 ln(2q) <  and kq 3 ln q <  as q < ". So

v2q = k2q 3 kq = [k2q 3 ln(2q)] 3 (kq 3 ln q) + [ln(2q) 3 ln q], and

lim v2q =  3  + lim [ln(2q) 3 ln q] = lim (ln 2 + ln q 3 ln q) = ln 2.

q<" q<" q<"

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