DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF KY AND SEPIC CONVERTER

FOR SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION WITH MPPT

CONTROLLER

In this project the design and performance of a low power stand-alone solar
photovoltaic (PV) energy generating system with SEPIC is to be investigated..
Due to the high system efficiency and the ability to operate with a wide
variable input voltage, the proposed converter is an attractive design for
alternative low dc voltage energy sources, such as solar photovoltaic
modules and fuel cells.
A non isolated dc–dc converter with a high boost ratio would be
advantageous for a two-stage PCS because it can be easily integrated with
current PV systems while reducing the cost and maintaining a high system
efficiency. Due to the different output voltages from the PV panel, it would
be beneficial to have a system with a high efficiency over the entire PV
voltage range to maximize the use of the PV during different operating
conditions.
Another important function of the dc–dc converter for PV
applications is being able to implement maximum power point tracking
(MPPT). The ability to implement MPPT for an individual PV panel would
ensure that a large cluster of PV could maintain maximum power output from
each panel without interfering with the other panels in the system. The major
consideration for the main power stage of the converter in being able to
implement an accurate MPPT is that the input current ripple of the converter
has to be low.
 LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL OF THREE AREA
SYSTEM USING FUZZY TUNED PI CONTROLLER

Currently as there has been an increase in the interconnected

systems as far as power systems are concerned. Load as well as power flow
in tie-line are varying dynamically. So there is a need of robust control of
system frequency as well as tie-line power flow system. This robust control
could be achieved by the help of fuzzy logic controllers in the place of
orthodox system using proportional, PI and PID controllers. This is due to the
fact that gain constants in the case of conventional controllers remain same
throughout, for changes in the load value. But Load can’t be the same
throughout, load deviates from time to time. So as to get rid of these
disadvantages related to conventional controllers, a lot many schemes have
been put forth in literature. With regard to this work, fuzzy logic base
controller has been considered for problems pertaining to load frequency
control. There queried rules are carried out with respect to the variation in
load to diminish the error. In fuzzy logic controller, we take the help of
triangular membership function in the formulation of the rule base, because
triangular membership function gives easy way to make the rule base
compared to other membership functions. Then simulation is done by using
Matlab/Simulink software.

Key Words : load frequency control, fuzzy logic controller,

PI and PID controllers
MITIGATION OF VOLTAGE SAGS IN A HYBRID DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM BY USING INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUE

ABSTRACT

Power quality is a very important topic nowadays. Sensitive

industrial equipment should be protected against steady-state distortions
and temporary transients in the distribution lines. When an induction motor
is subjected to voltage sag, the motor still operates but with a lower output
until the sag ends. With the increased use of sophisticated electronics, high
efficiency variable speed drive, and power electronic controller, power
quality has become an increasing concern to utilities and customers. Voltage
sags is the most common type of power quality disturbance in the
distribution system. It can be caused by fault in the electrical network or by
the starting of a large induction motor. Typical disturbances that affect the
voltage waveform quality are harmonics, imbalances and sags. This paper
presents a solution to protect sensitive loads against voltage disturbances
that is based on a series power line conditioner. The goal of the proposed
design is that the load does not suffer considerable input voltage variations.
To achieve that, Fuzzy Logic Controller based Autotransformer controlled are
used, which provides a proper controller operation even with utility grid
distribution system. The simulation model & output wave will be evaluate
using MATLAB SIMULINK software.
 A NOVEL DAUBECHIES (DB6) WAVELET FOR
IDENTIFYING INTERNAL FAULTS AND INRUSH
CURRENTS IN POWERTRANSFORMER
ABSTRACT

A novel method using to identify small fault current results from

winding turn-to-turn short circuit in power transformer inrush current. The
waveform symmetry and hysteresis curve shapes of inrush current with fault
current are different from inrush current without fault current; that means
the magnetic parameters of transformer cores and windings are influenced.
Inrush currents in power transformers are nonsinusoidal, high magnitude
currents generated due to flux saturation in the core during energization.
This paper describes a decision method for Identifying between internal
faults and inrush currents in power transformers .The experiment simulation
studies have verified that the proposed method is more reliable and
simpler, and is suitable for different power transformer systems. Inrush
currents in power transformers are nonsinusoidal, high magnitude currents
generated due to flux saturation in the core during energization. This paper
describes a decision method for discrimination between internal faults and
inrush currents in power transformers using the DAUBECHIES (DB6) wavelet
transform based feature extraction technique & Coif4transformtechnique . It
is shown that the features extracted by the wavelet transform have a more
distinctive property than those extracted by Coif4transform due to the good
time and frequency localization characteristics of the wavelet transform. As a
result, by quantifying the extracted features, the decision for distinguishing
an internal fault from an inrush current in different power transformer
system can be accurately made. The experiment simulation studies have
verified that the proposed method is more reliable and simpler, and is
suitable for different power transformer systems.

DESCRIMINATION OF INRUSH CURRENT

FROM INCIPIENT FAULTS USING
MULTI LAYER PERCEPTRON NEURAL NETWORK

ABSTRACT

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is one of the most useful techniques to

detect the incipient faults of power transformer, because of its high
sensitivity to small amount of electrical faults. However, the identification of
the faulted location by the traditional method is not always an easy task due
to the variability of gas data and operational natures. Incipient fault
detection in transformers can provide early warning of electrical failure and
could prevent catastrophic losses. To develop transformer incipient fault
detection technique, a transformer model to simulate internal incipient faults
is required. The DGA is exploited for fault classification tools implementation
using the artificial intelligence techniques. The multi-layer perceptron neural
network (MLPNN) is applied for decision making. The paper presents a
comparative study on one hand for the choice the most appropriate DGA
method and to resolve the problem. This approach has the advantages of
high accuracy. The other advantage is that the model is practically
applicable and may be utilized for an automated power transformer
diagnosis. The classification accuracies of the MLPNN classifier are compared
with fuzzy logic (FL), radial basis function (RBF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN)
and probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifiers. The test results indicate
that the developed preprocessing approach can significantly improve the
diagnosis accuracies for power transformer fault classification.

AUTO ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY FOR DESCRIMINATING

INTER TURN FAULT FROM INRUSH CURRENT

Abstract
In a power system, transformers and other electrical equipment
need to be protected not only from short circuit, but also from abnormal
operating conditions, such as over loading, and differential fault protection.
The increased growth in power systems both in size and complexity has
brought the need for fast and reliable protection scheme for major
equipments like transformer. The power transformer protective relay should
block the tripping during magnetizing inrush and rapidly initiate the tripping
during internal faults .In this paper, First we review the concept of
differential protection, and describe the magnetizing inrush current and
over- excitation phenomena as they belong to the causes of the protection
male-operation .Many methods have been used to discriminate
magnetizing inrush from internal faults in power transformers. Most of them
follow a deterministic approach, i.e. they rely on an index and fixed
threshold. The use of standard transformer differential protection for such
applications is considered impossible in the protective relaying standards
and practices currently applied This article proposes for power transformer
differential protection These approaches based on the pattern recognition
technique. In the proposed algorithm, the Auto Associative Memory neural
 network are used as a classifier and address the challenging task of
detecting magnetizing inrush from internal fault. The algorithm is evaluated
using simulation performed with MATLAB.

A FUZZY C- MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR

DESCRIMINATION OF FAULT & INRUSH CURRENT IN
POWER TRANSFORMER

ABSTRACT

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) isone of the most useful techniques to

detect the incipient faults of power transformer, because of its high
sensitivity to small amount of electrical faults. However, the identification of
the faulted location by the traditional method is not always an easy task due
to the variability of gas data and operational natures. Incipient fault
detection in transformers can provide early warning of electrical failure and
could prevent catastrophic losses. To develop transformer incipient fault
detection technique, a transformer model to simulate internal incipient faults
is required. The DGA is exploited for fault classification tools implementation
using the artificial intelligence techniques. The paper presents a comparative
study on one hand for the choice the most appropriate DGA method and to
resolve the problem. By Improving high Performance the proposed new
Algorithm is Fuzzy C-Means Clustering for Identification of Inrush & Fault
current in the Power Transformer.This approach has the advantages of high
accuracy. The other advantage is that the model is practically applicable and
may be utilized for an automated power transformer diagnosis. The test
results indicate that the developed preprocessing approach can significantly
improve the diagnosis accuracies for power transformer fault classification.
The algorithm is evaluated using simulation performed with MATLAB.

HILBERT – HUANG TRANSFORM ANALYSIS FOR

POWER TRANSFORMER FAULT IDENTIFICATION

ABSTRACT

In a power system, transformers and other electrical

equipment need to be protected not only from short circuit, but also from
abnormal operating conditions, such as over loading, and different fault
protection. The increased growth in power systems both in size and
complexity has brought the need for fast and reliable protection scheme for
major equipments like transformer. The power transformer protective relay
should block the tripping during magnetizing inrush and rapidly initiate the
tripping during internal faults .In this paper, First we review the concept of
describe the magnetizing inrush current and over- excitation phenomena as
they belong to the causes of the protection male-operation .Many methods
have been used to discriminate magnetizing inrush from internal faults in
power transformers. Most of them follow a deterministic approach, i.e. they
rely on an index and fixed threshold. This article proposes for Identification of
Inrush Current & Internal Fault Current power transformer for proper
protection scheme. In the proposed algorithm, is Hilbert Huang Transform
and address the challenging task of detecting magnetizing inrush from
internal fault. The algorithm is evaluated using simulation performed with
MATLAB. The results confirm that the HHT is faster, stable and more reliable
recognition of transformer inrush and internal fault condition.

Key Words :Inrush Current, Hilbert Huang Transform