DEPARTMENT OF TRAINING & PLACEMENT

“QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE MODULE - 1 NOTES BOOK”

“ For Campus Placements, IBPS, GATE, CAT Other Exams”

All Questions are sourced from Previous Year WIPRO, TCS, HCL,
INFOSYS, IBM, LTI MINDTREE, MICROSOFT and others company
placement test .

COMPILED BY :- CHECKED BY :-

Abhishek Rai Head of the T&P

(Aptitude & Reasoning Trainer ) Nandini Sawhney
11 years of Experience
 DEPARTMENT OF TRAINING & PLACEMENT

COURSE OBJECTIVE OF QUANTITAVTIVE APTITUDE

1. Boost Quantitative Aptitude for Campus Placements:

Enhance students’ quantitative aptitude skills to help them perform effectively
in campus placement exams and competitive recruitment tests.

2. Improve Problem-Solving and Time Management Skills:

Build a strong foundation in problem-solving and time management to
improve both accuracy and speed in answering questions commonly asked
by top recruiters.

3. Increase Accuracy and Speed in Mathematical Problem-Solving:

Sharpen students’ ability to solve mathematical problems quickly and
accurately through rigorous practice, timed tests, and targeted feedback.

[Link] Critical Thinking and Decision-Making Skills:

Develop students’ analytical thinking and decision-making abilities by
exposing them to a variety of quantitative problem scenarios that demand
logical reasoning and sound judgment.

5. Ensure Readiness for Placement Drives:

Prepare students comprehensively for the quantitative aptitude section of
campus placement and competitive exams through structured learning
materials, expert instruction, and extensive practice sessions.
SYLLABUS :-

MODULE - 1

1 Number System :
* basic introduction of number
* Unit Digit
*Reminder Theorem
* Divisibility Rule
* Factors and Practice Questions

2 LCM & HCF :

*Introduction of lcm and hcf
* LCM of Decimol , LCM of Fraction
* HCF of Decimol , HCF of Fraction
* questions and Practice

3 Percentages
Conversion Between Fractions & Decimals, ,
Increase / Decrease Percentages, Successive Percentage Changes
Population, Election, Depreciation

4 Profit, Loss, and Discount

CP, SP, MP Concepts,
Profit/Loss Percentage, Marked Price & Discount,
Successive Discounts, Practical Applications
 DEPARTMENT OF TRAINING & PLACEMENT

“NUMER SYSTEM”
Type of number

[Link] Number 2. Imaginary Number

Real Number:- A real number is any number that can be plotted on a number line,
except for complex [Link] numbers include rational and irrational numbers:

Example :-23, -12, 6.99, 5/2, 3, 0, 1.5, 3/2, and √5.

Imaginary Number:-An imaginary number is the product of a real number and the
imaginary unit I, which is defined by its property i^2 = −1.

• i(iota) = ✓-1

• i^2 = -1

• √-25 = 5i

• Example:- √-7 , √-10

Real Number :-

1. Rational Number 2. Irrational Number

Rational Numbers:-

A rational number is any number that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers, and
this includes both positive and negative numbers.

For example:- ½, -3/4, 5/6 ,22/7, 2.56, .333….. ,.232323….

 Irrational Number:-

An irrational number is a real number that cannot be expressed as a fraction or ratio of

two integers.

For example:- π ,% ,£ ,√2 ,√5 ,√2.5

RATIONAL NUMBER

_______|________

[Link] [Link]

INTEGERS

Positive Integers:- +2, +5, +28……

Negative Integers:- -5, -7, -26

Neutral :- 0

DECIMAL

[Link] Decimal :- 2.5, .25 ,.375 ,12.5

[Link] Terminating Reapting Decimal :-.33333…, .232323..

[Link] Terminating Non Reapting Decimal :-.23145723986..

Part of Rational Numbers :-

[Link] Number:- All counting numbers, together with 0, form the set of whole
numbers.

Thus, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ……….. are all whole numbers.

[Link] Number :-Counting numbers are called natural numbers.

Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, ……….. are all natural numbers.

[Link] Number:-A counting number divisible by 2 is called an even number.

Thus, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ……….. etc. are all even numbers.

[Link] Number:-A counting number not divisible by 2 is called an odd number.

Thus, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ……….. etc. are all odd numbers.

[Link] Numbers: A counting number is called a prime number if it has exactly two
factors, namely itself and 1.

Ex. All prime numbers less than 100 are:

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97

[Link] Numbers: All counting numbers, which are not prime, are called composite
numbers. A composite number has more than 2 factors.

Ex:- 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 ………etc

[Link] Numbers: A number, the sum of whose factors

(except the number itself), is equal to the number, is called

A perfect number, e.g. 6, 28, 496

The factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3 and 6. And, 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.

The factors of 28 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28. And, 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28.

[Link]-primes (or Relative Primes): Two numbers whose

H.C.F. is 1 are called co-prime numbers, Ex. (2, 3), (8, 9) are pairs of
co-primes.
10. Twin Primes: Two prime numbers whose difference is 2 are called twin-primes,

Ex. (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13) are pairs of twin-primes.

Important Facts :-
*All natural numbers are whole numbers.

*All whole numbers are not natural numbers.

*0 is a whole number which is not a natural number.

*Even number + Even number = Even number

*Odd number + Odd number = Even number

*Even number + Odd number = Odd number

*Even number – Even number = Even number

*Odd number – Odd number = Even number

*Even number – Odd number = Odd number

*Odd number – Even number = Odd number

*Even number × Even number = Even number

*Odd number × Odd number = Odd number *Even number × Odd number =
Even number
[Link] smallest prime number is 2.

[Link] only even prime number is 2.

[Link] first odd prime number is 3.

4.1 is a unique number – neither prime nor composite.

[Link] least composite number is 4.

[Link] least odd composite number is 9.

TESTS OF DIVISIBILTY

1. Divisibility By 2 :-

A number is divisible by 2 if its unit digit is any of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8.

Ex. 58694 is divisible by 2, while 86945 is not divisible by 2.

2. Divisibility By 3 :-

A number is divisible by 3 only when the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.

Ex. (i) In the number 695421, the sum of digits = 27, which is divisible by 3.

695421 is divisible by 3.

(ii) In the number 948653, the sum of digits = 35, which is not divisible by 3.

3. Divisibility By 9 :-

A number is divisible by 9 only when the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.

Ex. (i) In the number 246591, the sum of digits = 27, which is divisible by 9.

246591 is divisible by 9.

(ii) In the number 734519, the sum of digits = 29, which is not divisible by 9.

734519 is not divisible by 9.

4. Divisibility By 4 :-

A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by its last two digits is divisible by 4.

Ex. (i) 6879376 is divisible by 4, since 76 is divisible by 4.

(ii) 496138 is not divisible by 4, since 38 is not divisible by 4.

5. Divisibility By 8 :-

A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by its last three digits is divisible by 8.

Ex. (i) In the number 16789352, the number formed by last 3 digits, namely 352 is
divisible by 8.

16789352 is divisible by 8.

(ii) In the number 576484, the number formed by last 3 digits, namely 484 is not divisible
by 8.

576484 is not divisible by 8.

6. Divisibility By 10 :-

A number is divisible by 10 only when its unit digit is 0.

Ex. (i) 7849320 is divisible by 10, since its unit digit is 0.

(ii) 678405 is not divisible by 10, since its unit digit is not 0.
7. Divisibility By 5 :-

A number is divisible by 5 only when its unit digit is 0 or 5.

Ex. (i) Each of the numbers 76895 and 68790 is divisible by

5.

8. Divisibility By 11 :-

A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of its digits at odd places
And the sum of its digits at even places is either 0 or a number divisible by 11.

Ex. (i) Consider the number 29435417.

(Sum of its digits at odd places) – (Sum of its digits at even places)= (7 + 4 + 3 + 9) – (1 +
5 + 4 + 2) = (23 – 12) = 11, which is divisible by 11.

29435417 is divisible by 11.

(ii) Consider the number 57463822.

(Sum of its digits at odd places) – (Sum of its digits at even places) = (2 + 8 + 6 + 7) – (2 +
3 + 4 + 5) = (23 – 14) = 9, which is not divisible by 11.

57463822 is not divisible by 11.

9. Divisibility By 7 or 13 :-

Divide the number into groups of 3 digits (starting from right) and find the difference
Between the sum of the numbers in odd and even places. If the difference is 0 or divisible

By 7 or 13 (as the case may be), it is divisible by 7 or 13.

Ex. (i) 4537792 → 4 / 537 / 792

(792 + 4) – 537 = 259, which is divisible by 7 but not by 13.

4537792 is divisible by 7 and not by 13.

(ii) 579488 → 579 / 488

579 – 488 = 91, which is divisible by both 7 and 13.

579488 is divisible by both 7 and 13.

 Factorial of a Number

Let n be a positive integer.

Then, the continued product of first n natural numbers is called factorial n, denoted by n
! or n .

Thus, n ! = n (n – 1) (n – 2) ……….. 3.2.1

Ex. 5 ! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120.

Note: 0 ! = 1

Division Algorithm or Euclidean Algorithm :-

If we divide a given number by another number, then:
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder Important Facts:
(i) (x^n – a^n) is divisible by (x – a) for all values of n.

(ii)(x^n – a^n) is divisible by (x + a) for all even values of n.

(iii)(x^n + a^n) is divisible by (x + a) for all odd values of n

Some important formula :-

Total No of Terms :-

[( Last No – First No )/Diffrence between No]+1

Sum of Natural Number :- [n(n+1)]/2

Sum of Even Number :- n (n+1)

Sum of Odd Number :- (n)^2

Sum of the squares of the first \(n\) natural number :-

[n (n+1)(2n+1)]/6

Sum of any series :- Average × No of terms

Average of any Series:- (First no + Last no)/2

EXERCISE QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS BASED ON DIVISIBILITY RULE

[Link] could be the maximum value of Q in the following equation?

5P9 + 3R7 + 2Q8 = 1114

(A) 5 (B) 8. (C) 9. ( D) 1

[Link] least value must be assigned to * so that the number 197*5462 is divisible by 9?

(A) 0 (B) 2. (C) 5. (D) 1

[Link] digits should come in place of * and $ if the number 62684*$ is divisible by both
8 and 5?

(A) 4,0 (B) 1,0 (C) 0,4 (D)0,1

[Link] are the values of M and N respectively if M39048458N is divisible by both 8 and
11, where M and N Are single-digit integers?

(A) 5,3 (B) 6,4. (C) 1,0. (D) 1,1

[Link] the number 3422213pq is divisible by 99, find the missing digits p and q.

(A) 1,9 (B) 1,1 (C) 2,0. (D) 5,7

6. On dividing 15968 by a certain number, the quotient is 89 and the remainder is 37. Find
the divisor?

(A) 179 (B) 180. (C) 185. (D) 279

[Link] a division sum, the divisor is ten times the quotient and five times the remainder. If
the remainder is 46, Determine the dividend ?

(A) 5336 (B) 5353 (c) 3553. (D) 5355

8. If the number 481*673 is completely divisible by 9, then the smallest whole number in
the place of * will be ?

(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 7

[Link] the following statements:

The numbers 24984, 26784 and 28584 are

(1) Divisible by 3 (2) divisible by 4. (3)Divisible by 9 Which of these are correct?

(A)1 and 2. (B) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (D) 1,2 and 3

10. How many three digit numbers are divisible by 5 or 9?

(A) 260 (B) 280 (C) 200 (D) 180

Question Based On Unit Digit

11. Find the unit digit of the product

127 ×137 × 413 × 291 × 342 × 533 × 342.

(A) 6 (B) 8. (C) 10 (D) 4

[Link] is the unit digit in the expansion of (57242)^9 × 7 × 5 × 3 × 1 ?

(A) 2 (B) (c) 6. (D) 8

[Link] is the unit digit in {(6374)^1793 x (625)^317 x (341^491)}?

(A) 0. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 5

[Link] x = (633)^24-(277) ^38 + (266)54. What is the unit digit of x?

(A) 8 (B) 6. (C) 4. (D) 7

[Link] the unit digit of 1! + 2!+ 3!+4!+5!+…+3333! ?

(A) 9 (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) 0

[Link] is the unit digit of 1^5+2^5+3^5+4^5+5^5+.. ..+98^5?

(A) 0 (B) 2. (C) 1. (D) 5

17 What is the unit digit of (43^184 – 29^77) ?

(A) 8. (B) 2. (C) 5. (D) 0

REMAINDER THEOREM
[Link] will be remainder when (67^67 + 67) is divided by 68 ?

(A) 66 (B) 67. (C) 65 (D) 64

[Link] dividing a number by 357, we get 39 as remainder. On dividing the same number
17, what will be the remainder ?

(A) 22 (B) 15 (c) 5. (D) 8

20.A number when divided by 296 leaves 75 as remainder. When the same number is
divided by 37, the remainder will be:?

(A) 0 (B) 1. (c) 2. (D) 3

[Link] least number must be subtracted from 13601, so that the remainder is divisible
by 87 ?

(A) 29 (b) 39. (C) 15. (D) 23

[Link] of the following numbers will completely divide (49^15 – 1) ?

(A) 8. (B) 14. (C) 46 (D) 50

[Link] of the following numbers will completely divide (3^25 + 3^26 + 3^27 + 3^28)
?

(A) 11 (b) 16 (c) 25. (D) 30

25.A number when divide by 6 leaves a remainder 3. When the square of the number is
divided by 6, the remainder is

(A) 3 (B) 0 (C) 2. (D) 3

[Link] the remainder when 77 8573 is divided by 9?

(A) 1. (B) 2. (C) 4 (D) 7

[Link] the Remainder when 273 + 375 + 478 + 657 + 597 is divided by 25 ?

(A) 5 (b) 10. (c) 9. (d) 8

[Link] the Remainder when 1330 x 1356 x 1363 x 1368 x 1397 is divided by 13 ?

(A) 7 . (b) 9. (c) 11. (d) 8

[Link] the Remainder when 2327 + 2372 + 2394 + 4624 + 4650 is divided by 23 ?

(A) 12. (b) 14 (c) 13. (d) 10

[Link] the Remainder when 6732 is divided by 68

(A) 67 (b) 66. (c) 1 (d) 0

[Link] a number is divided by 56 it gives the remainder 29, if the same number is
divided by 9, What will be the remainder?

(A) 2 (b) 0. (C) 1. (D) C.N.D

33.A number 2088 by what if we divide the number it will become a perfect square?

(A) 58 (b) 35 (c) 13 (d) 36

NUMBER OF FACTOR
[Link] many factors for 100? Or how many equal distributions are possible for 100?

(A) 24 (b) 20 (c) 30. (D) NOT

[Link] the number of factors of 1728 ?

(A)28 (b) 29 (c) 30. (d) 31

36Find the Number of Factor of 1420 ?

(A) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14b. (d) 15

[Link] the number of Divisors of 10800 ?

(A) 30 (b) 60 (c) 120. (d) 180

[Link] the No. Prime Factor of 240 ?

(A) 4 . (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8

39.x³ + x^2 + 768 is exactly divisible by x, where x is a positive integer. The number of all
such possible values of x ?

(A) 12. (B) 8. (C) 18. (D) NOT

[Link] the total no. of odd factors of 360 is:

(A) 12. (B) 7. (C) 8. (D) 6

[Link] number of factors of 196 which are divisible by 4 is:

(A) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4. (D) 6

MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS

[Link] one of the following is not a prime number?

(A) 31 (b) 61. (C) 71 (d) 91

[Link] sum of first five prime numbers is:

(A) 11. (B) 18 (c) 26. (D) 28

[Link] sum of first 45 natural numbers is:

(A) 1035. (B) 1280. (C) 2070. (D) 2140

[Link] sum of the two numbers is 12 and their product is 35. What is the sum of the
reciprocals of these numbers ?
(A) 12/35. (B) 35/12. (C) 12/55 (d) 4/7

[Link] sum of first 40 even number is ?

(A) 1650. (B) 1560. (C) 1630 (d) 1640

[Link] difference between the place value and the face value of 6 in the numeral 856973
is ?

(A) 973. (B) 6970. (C) 5994 (d) NOT

[Link] sum of how many terms of the series 6 + 12 + 18 + 24 + … is 1800 ?

(A) 24 (B) 28. (C) 20. (D)36

[Link] a division sum, the remainder is 0. As student mistook the divisor by 12 instead of
21 and obtained 35 as quotient. What is the correct quotient ?

(A) 28. (B) 20. (C) 30. (D) 25

 DEPARTMENT OF TRAINING & PLACEMENT

“LCM AND HCF”

LCM :-LCM stands for least common multiple. The least common multiple of two
numbers is the smallest number that is a multiple of both of them.

36 = 1×2×23×3

54 = 1×2×3×3×3

LCM = 1× 2×2×3×3×3=108

72 = 2^3×3^2

240 = 2^4×3×5

LCM = 2^4×3^2×5=720

LCM OF DECIMAL NUMBER :-

Converting the decimals into whole numbers by equalizing the number of decimal
places, finding the LCM of these whole numbers, and finally adjusting the result by the
decimal places.

Example.:- 3 , 2.7 , 0.09 LCM is :-

3×100=300 , 2.7 ×100 = 270 , 0.09×100 = 9

300 = 2^2×3×5^2

270= 2×3^3×5

9 = 3^2

LCM =2^2×3^3×5^2=2700

Finally = 2700/100=27
 LCM OF FRACTION
The least common multiple (LCM) of fractions is calculated by dividing the LCM of the
numerators by the HCF of the denominators.

Example.:- 5/8 , 3/4 , 1/2 LCM is :-

LCM of numerators: LCM (5, 3, 1) = 5 × 3 × 1 = 15

HCF of denominators: HCF (8, 4, 2) = 2

LCM of fraction: 15/2

QUESTIONS BASED ON LCM

[Link] the LCM of 15, 24, 32 & 45 ?

(A) 1448. (B) 1436 (C) 1440. (D) 1432

[Link] is the LCM of 3.6, 1.8 and 0.144?

(A) 36. (B) 360. (C) 3600. (D) 3.6

[Link] LCM of 48, 50, 98, 54 and 72 ?

(A) 2^4×3^3×5^2×7^2. (B) 2 ^ 3 * 3 ^ 3 * 5 ^ 2 * 7 ^ 2 (C) 2 ^ 4 * 3 ^ 2 * 5 ^ 2 * 7 ^ 2

(d) 2 ^ 3 * 3 ^ 3 * 5 * 7
[Link] least number which is exactly divisible by 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 is ?

(A) 240. (B) 180. (C) 120. (D) 150

[Link] LCM of 1/6 , 7/27 , 5/9 , 4/15 and 8/3 is ?

(A) 280/3 (B) 3/280 (C) 280/15. (D) 15/280

[Link] bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 10 and 12 seconds
respectively. In 30 minutes, how many times do they toll together ?

(A) 15 (B) 26. (C) 16. (D) 12

[Link] greatest number of four digits which is divisible by 15, 25, 40 and 75 is:?

(A)9000. (B) 9400 (c) 9600. (D) 9800

[Link] number are in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 5 and their L.C.M.
is 2400. Their H.C.F. is:

(A) 40 (B) 80 (c) 120 (D) 200

9 .The least number which when divided by 5, 6 , 7 and 8 leaves a remainder 3?

(A) 840 (b) 843. (C) 872. (D) NOT

10.A, B and C start at the same time in the same direction to run around a circular stadium.
A completes a round in 252 seconds, B in 308 seconds and c in 198 seconds, all starting
at the same point. After what time will they again at the starting point ?

(A) 26 minutes and 18Seconds(B)42 minutes and 36 seconds

(C) 45 minutes. (D)46 minutes and 12 seconds

[Link] will be the least number which when doubled will be exactly divisible by 12, 18,
21 and 30 ?

(A) 1260 (b) 630 (c) 315. (D) 210

[Link] least number, which when divided by 12, 15, 20 and 54 leaves in each case a
remainder of 8 is?

HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR

HCF is the biggest number or quantity in a set of numbers or quantities that is a factor of
each other.

1ST METHOD :-
54 = 2×3×3×3
72 = 2×2×2 ×3×3
48 = 2×2×2×2×3

HCF = 2×3 = 6

2ND METHOD :-
1. 120 , 144 And 216 HCF is :

144 – 120 = 24
216 – 144 = 72. HCF is least no or factor of least no = 24

216 – 120 = 96. Every no divided by 24 so HCF is 24

HCF OF DECIMAL NUMBER

Converting the decimals into whole numbers by equalizing the number of decimal places,
finding the HCF of these whole numbers, and finally adjusting the result by the decimal
places.

Example:- 1.75, 5.6 and 7?

1.75 ×100 = 175 5.6×100 = 560 7×100= 700

HCF = 700 - 560 = 140 (all no is not divided by 140)

So factor of 140 = 2 × 35 ( all no divided by 35 )

Now HCF = 35/100 = 0.35

HCF OF FRACTION NUMBER

The Highest common Factor (HCF) of fractions is calculated by dividing the HCF of the
numerators by the LCM of the denominators.

Example.:- 5/8 , 3/4 , 1/2 HCF is :-

HCF of Numerators :- 5 , 3 , 1 = 1

LCM of Denominators :- 8 , 4 , 2 = 8

HCF OF FRACTION = 1/8

QUESTIONS BASED ON HCF

[Link] is the Highest Common Factor of 42, 168 and 210?

(A) 21. (B) 42. (C) 14. (D) 7

[Link] is the HCF of 2^3 x 3^4 and 2^5x3^2? (A) 2^5×3^3 (B) 2^3×3^4 (C)
2^3×3^2 (D) 2^5×3^4
[Link] the HCF of ( ½ ¾, 5/6, 7/8, 9/10 ) ?

(A) 1/120 (B) 1/7. (C) 1/60. (D) 1/30

[Link] product of HCF and LCM of two numbers is 3321. If one of the numbers is 369. The
HCF of the number is ?

(A,) 24. (B) 9. (C) 3. (D) 369

[Link] numbers are in the ratio of 5: 7. The product of their LCM and HCF is 12635. Then
the sum of the numbers will be.

(A) 252. (B) 228. (C) 196. (D) 136

[Link] the greatest number that will divide 43, 91 and 183 so as to leave the same
remainder in each case ?

[Link] greatest possible length which can be used to measure exactly the lengths 7 m, 3
m 85 cm, 12 m 95 cm is: (A) 15cm. (B) 25cm. (C) 35cm. (D) 42 cm

[Link] greatest number which on dividing 1657 and 2037 leaves remainders 6 and 5
respectively, is: ?

(A) 123. (B) 127. (C) 235. (D) 305

 PERCENTAGE

Percentage :- A percentage is a number or ratio that represents a part

out of 100 .
% = 1/100
20 % = 20×1/100 = 20/100

Some Important Fractional Value :-

1% = 1/100 2% = 1/50 3 1/3% = 1/30

4 1/6% = 1/24 5% = 1/20 6 1/4% = 1/16
7 1/7% = 1/14 8 1/3% = 1/12 9 1/11% = 1/11
10% = 1/10. 11 1/9%= 1/9 12 ½% = 1/8
15% = 3/20 16 2/3%= 1/6 20% = 1/5
25% = ¼ 33 1/3%= 1/3 37.5%= 3/8
66 2/3%= 2/3 100% = 1

How to change any value in percentage :-

(x/y) ×100

If A income is 500 and B income is 400 then.

CASE :- 1

B is what percent of A ?

(B/A) ×100 = (400/500)x100=80%

B is how much percent less then A ?

[(A-B)/A]x100 = (100/500)x100 = 20%

A is how much percent more then B ?

[(A-B)/B]x100 = (100/400)x100 = 25%

Successive Percent

Successive percentage is a calculation that involves multiple percentage

increases or decreases applied to a value .

[Link] single equivalent percentage of two successive percentage

increases of x% and y% then :
x+ y + (x×y)/100

[Link] single equivalent percentage of two successive percentage decrease

of x% and y% then :
x + y – (xy)/100

[Link] any value increase x% and second value decrease y% then :

x – y – (x×y)/100

TYPE :- 1
BASIC QUESTIONS

1-. What is the value of 25% of 40% of 4800?

(a) 436 (b) 360 (c) 480 (d) 320

2. 16% of which number is equal to 20% of 480?

(a)520 (b) 680 (c) 600. (d) 720

3. Value of [(20% of 120) + (25% of 48)]/(4% of 25) is?

(a)12 (b) 48. (c)36. (d) 24

4. What is the value of [(30% of 360) + (11% of 200)]/2% of 400?

(a)16.5 (b) 15.25 (c)14.75 (d) 16.25

5. If 20% of A=30% of B, then B is how much percent less than A?

(a)20 (b) 25. (c) 33.33. (d) 12.5

6. What is the value of [(25% of 240) + (6% of 1200)]/(4% of 400)?

(A)6.25 (b) 7.75 (C) 8.25. (d) 8.75

7. What is the value of [(11% of 1200) (10% of 1400)]/(2% of 250)?

(A) 48.2 (b)54.4. (c) 72.8. (d) 38.4

8.1. If 23% of a number is 690, then what is the 72% of the same number?

(A) 1475 (b) 2160. (C) 1450. (d) 1380

9.1224 is what percent of 4800?

(a) 24.5 (b) 25 (c) 24. (d) 25.5

[Link] 80 is subtracted from 20% of a number, the result is 30. What is the value
of the Number?
(A)330 . (b) 440. (c) 550 (d) 220
11. If one-third of a number is 35, then what will be the 64% of that number?

(a) 67.2 (b) 70.8 (c) 61.4 (d) 72.6

[Link] of two numbers is 150% of the larger number. If smaller number is 16, then
what is the value of the larger number?
(a) 32 (b) 24 (c) 48 (d) 30

[Link] 30 is subtracted from 45% of a number, the result is 150. What is the value of
the Number?

(a) 400 (b)600 (c) 300 (d) 800

14. If P is 15% more than 480, then what is the value of P?

(a) 512 (b) 552 (c) 542 (d) 562

[Link] a school 55% of the students are girls. If number of boys is 360, then what is the
total number of students in the school?

(a) 720 (B) 1200 (c) 800 (d)1000

[Link] a city 20% people are literates. If the number of literate people is 5000. Then what
is the total number of people?
(a) 25000 (b) 35000 (c) 20000 (d) 40000

[Link] 70 is subtracted from 25% of a number, the result is 20. What is number?
(a) 180 (b) 480 (c) 360 (d) 540

[Link] a student multiplied a number by 4/7 instead of 3/3 then find the error percentage
in his answer?
(a) (65 5/7)% (b) (64 7/7)%
(C) 65 1/7)% (D) None of these

[Link] difference between 63% of a number and 45% of the same number is 342. What
will be 78% of that number?
A) 1342 b) 1482 c) 1558 d) 1670

20. If 3/5 of 2/3 of 3/7 of X is 150 then what will be 60% of X?

A) 525 b) 725 c) 325 d) 625

TYPE :- 2
INCREASE AND DECREASE BASED QUESTION

21. The present birth rate in a village is 55 per thousand while the death rate is 34 per
thousand, find the total growth rate in relation to population growth?

A) 3.1% b)2.1% c) 4.1% d) 5.1%

[Link] A is 20% less than B, then B is how much percent more than A?
(a) 16.66 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 33.33

[Link] A is 20% more than B and C is 20% less than B, then C is how much percent less
than A?
(a) 40 (b) 33.33 (c) 44 (d) 50
[Link] Q got 40% less marks than P. then the marks of P is how much percent more than
that of Q?
(a) 40 (b) 25 (c) 33.33 (d) 66.66

[Link] the price of sugar is increased by 25%, then by what percent should its
consumption be reduced so that the expenditure remains the same?
A) 40% b) 20% c) 25% d ) 50%

26.A price is increased by 16.66%. To obtain the old price, by how much percent should
it be decreased?
A)14.28 (b) 16.66 (c) 30 d)33.32

[Link] the length of a rectangle is increased by 20%, then by how much percent its
breadth Should be reduced so that the area remains the same?
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 16.66

[Link] the price of a commodity is decreased by 20% and its consumption is increased by
30% then what will be the percentage increase or decrease in expenditure of the
commodity?
(a) 10% decrease (b) 10% increase (c) 4% increase (d) 4% decrease

[Link] the price of a commodity is decreased by 30% and its consumption is increased by
30% then what will be the percenteage increase or decrease in expenditure of the
commodity?
(a) 9% increase (b) 9% decrease (c) 11% increase (d) 11% decrease

[Link]’s salary is increased by 20% in the first year and then decreased by 10% in the
second year, what was the effect on his salary?
A)8% decrease B) 12% increase C)8% increase D)10% decrease

[Link] the diameter of a solid sphere is increased by 20%, then by what percent will its
surface area be increased?
A)40 b) 44 c) 56 d) 36

32.A number is first decreased by 30% and then increased by 30%. If the number so
obtained is 72 less than the original number, then what is the value of the original
number?
(a)720 (b) 800 (C) 960 (d) 1080

TYPE :- 3
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE BASED QUESTION
33. Gaurav spends 30% of his monthly income on food articles, 40% of his income on clothes and
15% on rent . If his monthly saving is Rs.24000, how much his income ?

(a) 150000 (b) 160000 (c) 180000 (d) 200000

34.A man spends 35% of his income on food, 25% on Children’s education and 80% of
the remaining on House rent. What percent of his income he is left With?

(a) 8% (b) 10% (c) 12% (d) 14%

[Link] spends 30% of his monthly income on food, 40% of the rest on vehicles and
clothes and save 50% of the rest, if his monthly salary is 30,000 Rs. How much money
does he save every month?
A) 6300 b) 63000 c) 630 d) 63

[Link] invested 40% of her yearly income in fixed deposit, 25% and 15% of the
remaining on house rent and food, and saved the rest i.e. saved Rs. 54000. Find his
income (in Rs.).
(a) Rs. 100000 b)Rs. 125000 (c)150000 d) 175000

TYPE :- 4
ELECTION BASED QUESTION

37. Three candidates contested an election and received 1136, 7636 and 11628 votes
respectively. What percentage of the total votes did the winning candidate Get?
(a) 57% (b) 60% (C) 65% (d) 90%

[Link] an election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes, 20% of the votes
were invalid. If the total number of votes was 7500, the number of valid votes that the other
candidate got, was :
A) 2500. B) 2700. C) 2900. D) 3100

[Link] were two candidates in an election. 1560 Vote became invalid. The winning
candidate got 52% of the valid Votes and won the election by 360 votes. Then find the
total number of votes.
(a).11560. (b) 12580 (c) 10560. (d) 9560

[Link] an election A received 11% of the votes and B received 145680 votes. 59% of the
candidates didn’t cast their vote to any of the party. Find the total percentage of votes
that B received.
A) 40% b) 36% c) 30% d) 35%

TYPE :- 5
EXAMINATION BASED QUESTION

41.35% marks are required to pass an examination. Ram gets 40 marks and fails by 30
marks. What will be the maximum marks of the exam?
A) 300 b) 200 c) 500 d) 600

[Link] obtained 175 marks in an examination and failed by 35 marks, the passing
percentage of the examinaTion is 35 then what is the maximum mark?
A)500 b) 600 c) 700 d) 800

[Link] got 30% marks in an examination and failed by 20 marks. Shyam got 40%
marks and got 20 marks more than passed marks. Find the maximum marks in
examination.
(1) 500 (2) 700 (3)400 (4) 800

[Link] an examination, 60% of the students passed in Mathematics, 70% in English and
50% in both. Tell, what percentage of the total students passed?
(A).40% b) 60% c) 80% d) 30%

[Link] a library, 40% of the total books are in English, 80% of the remaining books are in
Hindi and the remaining 300 books are in other languages. The total number of books in
the library is?
(1)2000 (2) 1500 (3)2500 (4) 3500

TYPE :-6
MIXTURE BASED QUESTION

46.60 liters of a mixture of milk and water contains 10% water. How many liters of
water will have to be added to make the quantity of water 20 percent?

A) 7.5 Litre (b) 9.5 Litre (C) 6 Litre. (D) 8.5 Litre

47.A mixture of 90 liters of salt and water contains 20 percent water, how much water
should be vaporized and blown away so that the quantity of water remains only 10
percent?
(a).20 letre b) 10 letre (c) 12 letre d) 15 letre
 TYPE :- 7
FRACTION BASED QUESTION

[Link] the numerator of a fraction is increased by 600% and the denominator is increased
by 200%, then the resulting fraction is 4 2/5 What was the original fraction?
A)6/5 b) 13/5 c) 17/5 d) 13/3

[Link] numerator of a fraction is increased by 150 percent and the denominator is

increased by 300 percent, then the resulting fraction is 5/18, find the original fraction?
A) 4/9 b) 4/5 c) 8/9 d) 4/11

TYPE :-8
POPULATION BASED QUESTION

[Link] population of a 2 years ago was 75000. Due to epidemic situation to cities it
decreases every year at the rate 20% p.a. Find its present population.
(a).4400 (b) 48000 (c) 45000 (d) 50000

[Link] rate of annual growth of population is 10%. If the present population of a city is
140000, then after three years the population of that city will be?
A) 18600 b) 18634 c) 16560 d) 17530

[Link] a survey it was found that 65 percent watches news on TV, 40 percent reads news,
25 percent adopted both medium. What percentage of people neither watch T.V. nor
read newspapers?
A) 30% b) 20% c) 50% d) 5%

TYPE – 9
PRICE BASED QUESTIONS

53 .A reduction of 20% in the price of wheat Enables a person to buy 10 kg more for 500 What is
the reduced price per kg?
1) 100. 2) 50. 3): 40. 4): NOT

[Link] to an increase of 30% in the price of eggs, 3 Eggs less are available for 50. The present
rate Of eggs per dozen is ?
1):20. 2) 30. 3) 40. 4)60
 DEPARTMENT OF TRAINING & PLACEMENT

PROFIT AND LOSS

Profit :- Profit is the amount of money gained by selling a product or service at a price
that is higher than its cost price.

Profit = SP – CP

Profit % = (P/CP)×100

Loss :- Loss is the amount a seller incurs when they sell a

product for less than its cost price .

Loss = CP – SP

Loss% = (L/CP)×100

Cost Price:- The total amount of money it costs to produce a product or provide a
service .

CP = 100 %

CP = SP – P & SP +L

CP = (SP ×100)/(100+P%)or( SP×100/(100-L%)

Selling Price:- The amount of money a company charges for its product or service.
SP = 100 + P% or 100 - L%

SP = CP + P or CP – L

SP = [CP×(100 + P%)]/100 or [CP×(100- L%)]/100

 QUESTIONS BASED ON PROFIT/LOSS

[Link] buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700 and spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he sells the
scooter for Rs. 5800, his gain percent is ?

(a)4 4/7% (b) 5 5/11% (c)10% (d) 20%

2.A man buys a cycle for Rs. 1400 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of
the cycle?

(a)Rs. 1090 (b)Rs. 1160 (c)Rs. 1190 (d)1202

[Link] purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each one of
them at the rate of Rs. 33. What was his percentage profit?

(a)3.5 (b)4.5 (c)5.6 (d)6.5

[Link] a plot is sold for Rs. 18,700, the owner loses 15%. At what price must that plot be
sold in order to gain 15%?

(a) Rs21,000 (b) Rs22,500 (c) Rs25,300 (D)Rs25,800

5.100 oranges are bought at the rate of Rs. 350 and sold at the rate of Rs. 48 per dozen.
The percentage of profit or loss is ?

(a) 14 2/7%gain (b) 15%loss

(c) 15%gain (d)14 2/7%loss

6.A shopkeeper sells one transistor for Rs. 840 at a gain of 20% and another for Rs. 960
at a loss of 4%. His total gain or loss percent is ?

(a) 5 15/17%gain (b) 5 15/17%loss

(c) 6 ⅔%loss (d) NOT

7.A trader mixes 26 kg of rice at Rs. 20 per kg with 30 kg of rice of other variety at Rs. 36
per kg and sells the mixture at Rs. 30 per kg. His profit percent is ?

(a)5% (b) 8% (c) 10% (d) NOT

8. David sold a bicycle at Rs 2100 and made a loss of 25%. At what price should he sell
the bicycle if he wants to make a profit of 15%?
 (a)Rs 2500 (b)Rs 2990 (c)Rs 3220 (d) Rs 3500

[Link] selling 12 oranges for Rs 60 a man losses 25%. The number of oranges he has to
sell for Rs 100 so as to gain 25% is?

(a) 9 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 15

DIFFERENCE BASED QUESTIONS

10.A loss of 20% is made by selling an article. Had it been sold for Rs 240 more, there
would have been a profit of 10%. What would be the selling price of the article if it is sold
at 25% profit?

(A) 960 (B)1060 (C) 1000 (D)1080

11..A watch is sold at a profit of 25%.Had it been sold for Rs120 less than,there would
have been loss of 15% ,what is the cost price in rupees ?

(a) 350 (b) 300 (c) 120 (d) 150

12.A person sold an article at a loss of 18%. Had He sold it for Rs 960 more, he would
have gained 12%. If the article is sold for Rs 3840 then how much is the profit percentage?

(a)15% (b)24% (c)20% (d)21%

[Link] article was sold at 5% profit. Had it been Purchase at 10% less and sold at 270
more There would have been profit of 20%. Find C.P. Of article ?

(a) 9000 (b) 4500 (c) 1350 (d) 2700

14.A person sells an article at 10% profit. If he Buys it at 10% less rate and sells at 350
moreThan the profit will be 30%. What is the cost Price?

(a) 5000 (b) 6000 (c) 7000 (d) 8000

15.A person sells an article at a profit of 13%. If He had purchased it for 20% less and sold
it For 56 less, he would have gained 40%. What Is the original cost price of the article?

(a) 5500 (b) 5600 (c) 2800 (d) 2750

16.A man sells his goods at 25% profit. Had he Purchased it for 900 less and sold it for
900 Less then he would gain 5% more profit. Find The initial cost price?

(a) 5400 (b) 5600 (c) 5550 (d) 4050

 PROFIT/LOSS ON CP/SP OF AN ARTICLE
[Link] the cost price of 70 articles is equal to the Selling price of 40 articles, what will be
the Profit percentage?

(a)75% (b) 60% (c) 70% (d) 80%

[Link] the cost price of 20 oranges is equal to selling Price of 25 oranges, then the loss
percentage Is ?

(a) 20%. (b) 25%. (C) 30%. (d) 40%

[Link] selling 8 items, a shopkeeper makes a profit Equal to the selling price of 2 items.
What is The profit percentage of the shopkeeper?

(a)33.33% (b) 10% (c) 25% (d)16.66%

QUESTIONS BASED ON PROFIT/LOSS ON SELLING PRICE

[Link] a person calculates his profit % on Selling Price and according to him, his profit is
20%.Find his actual profit %.

(a) 25% (b) 20% (c) 33.33% (d) 50%

[Link] cost price of an article is Rs. 2800. Profit As a percentage of selling price is 20
[Link] is the actual profit (in Rs.)?

(a) 616 (b) 700 (C) 504 (d) 560

[Link] selling an article for ` 800 , a person loses 20% of its selling price. At what price
should He sell it to gain 25% on its cost price ?

(a)1280. (b) 1152 (c) 1250 (d) 1200

QUESTIONS BASED ON NUMBER OF ARTICLE

[Link] oranges are bought at 11 for `10 and sold at10 for `11, what is the gain or loss
percentage?

(a)11%profit. (b) 11%loss

(c)21%profit (d)21%loss
[Link] are bought at 25 for Rs 250 and sold At 30 for Rs 390. What is the profit/loss
Percentage in this transaction?

(a) 25% profit. (b) 25%loss

(c) 30% profit. (d) 30%loss

QUESTIONS BASED ON WHEN SP IS SAME

25.A person sold two cars for Rs.24,000 each. On One, he gained 20% while on the other
he lost 20%. Find the percentage of his gain or loss.

(a) 0% (b) 44%profit (c) 4%loss (d) 4%profit

[Link] horses were sold at ` 360 each. First was Sold at 25% profit and second at 25%
loss. Find The over all loss % ?

QUESTIONS BASED ON WHEN CP IS SAME

[Link] articles were bought for the same price. One was sold at 40% profit and the other
was sold at 30% loss. Find the overall percentage of profit/loss made?

(a) 10% profit. (b). 10% loss.

(c) 5%loss. (d) 5% profit

[Link] cost price of two articles is the same. One is sold at 10% profit and the other is
sold at 10% loss. What is the effective profit/loss percentage ?

(a) 1% profit (b) 0% loss

(C) 0%profit. (d) 1%loss

29.A man bought three articles for 3,000 each. He sold the articles respectively At 10%
profit, 5% profit and 15% loss. The total Percentage profit/loss he earned is?

(a) 1% loss. (b) 10% profit

. (c) 10 %loss (d) No profit No loss

QUESTIONS BASED ON DISHONEST SHOPKEEPER

30. Mohan sells fruits at their cost price but uses A weight of 800 gm in place of 1 kg. What
is His profit percentage?

(a) 20% (b) 25% (c) 30% (d) 35%

31.A dishonest dealer decided to sell his goods At cost price, but uses a weight of 750
grams For a kilogram weight. His gain percent is?

(a) 33.33% (b) 25%. (C) 50% (d) 35%

AVERAGE PROFIT / LOSS BASED QUESTIONS

32.A Shopkeeper buys two bicycles for Rs. 750. He sells first bicycle at a profit of 22% And
the second bicycle at a loss of 8%. What is the SP of first bicycle if in the Whole transaction
there is no profit no loss?

(a)Rs176. (b)Rs198. (c)Rs220 (d)Rs240

33.A trader has 600kgs of rice , a part of which he sells at 15% profit and the remaining
quantity at 20% loss. On the whole , he incurs an overall loss of 6% .What is the quantity
of rice he sold at 20% loss?

(a)Rs540 (b)Rs360. (c)Rs240 (d)Rs 480

MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS

[Link] a book is sold at 300% profit , then ratio Of cost price to the selling price is ?

(a) 1:3 (b) 1:4. (c) 1:5 (d) 1:2

[Link] ratio of cost price and selling price is 10:11. Find the gain percent?

(a) 10% (b) 20% (c) 30% (d) NOT

[Link] profit earned by selling an article for Rs 832 is equal to the loss incurred when the
Article is sold for Rs 448. What will be the Cost price of the article ?

(a) 576 (b) 600 (c)640 (d) NOT

 DEPARTMENT OF TRAINING & PLACEMENT

DISCOUNT

Discount ;- Discount is the reduction in the price of goods or services offered by

shopkeepers at the marked price .

Discount Formula ;-
D = MRP – SP

D% = (D/MRP)*100

MRP = SP + P

SP = CP + P & MRP – D

CP (100 + P%) = MRP (100 – L%)

CP : MRP = 100-L% : 100+P%

QUESTIONS BASED ON DISCOUNT

[Link] of the following is a single discount equivalent to successive discounts of 20%
and 10%?

(a)30% (b)25% (c) 28% (d) 32%

[Link] of the following is a single discount equivalent to successive discounts of

40%,30% and 10% ?

(a) 80% (b) 62.2% (c) 92% (d) 75%

3.A shopkeeper gives 3 items free on purchase of 12 items. So what % discount does he
give to the customer?
 (a)_25% (b) 20% (c) 33.33% (d) 40%

[Link] bought a calculator after getting a discount of 30% on the listed price. If she
does not get the discount, she will have to pay Rs.82.50 extra. At what cost did she buy
the calculator?

(a).192.5 (b) 275 (c) 117.85 (d) NOT

5.A shopkeeper marks the marked price of an article 50% more than the cost price. If
the buyer gives a discount of 30%, then Find the profit percentage?

(a)10% (b) 5% (c) 8% (d) 15%

6.A shopkeeper fixes the selling price of his goods at 20% above the cost price. If he
gives 30% discount as well, what is the total loss?

(a) 8% (b) 12% (c) 15% (d) 16%

7.A shopkeeper makes a profit of 20% even after allowing a discount of 10% on the
marked price of his goods. For how much would the article be bought whose marked
price is Rs 600 ?

(a)450 (b) 440 (c) 458 (d)540

[Link] cost of manufacturing an article was Rs 900. The trader wants to make a profit of
25% even after allowing a discount of 10% on it. How much should he determine the
marked price of that article?

(a)1500 (b) 1250 (c) 1125 (d) 1200

9.A trader gives a discount of 5% to his customers. The cost price of an item is Rs 38,
then how much should the trader price it that he gains 25% on the cost price?

(a)50 (b) 25 (c) 75 (d) 12.5

[Link] marked price on an item was Rs 2000/- but the shopkeeper offered a double
discount of 20% and 15%. How much did he finally sell the item for?

(a) 640 (b) 1300 (c) 1360 (d) 1600

[Link] marked price on an item was Rs 25000/- but the shopkeeper offered a double
discount of 20% and 30%. How much did he finally sell the item for?

(a) 15000 (b) 14000 (c) 12000 (d) 12500

[Link] marked price of a chair was Rs 12,800/-. The shopkeeper was offering it for a
discount of 20% but on further bargaining agreed to offer a successive discount and
finally sold the chair for Rs 9,216/- What was the second discount offered by him?

(a) 5% (b) 10% (c) 20% (d)25%

[Link] the single equivalent discount of 10%, 15% and 20%?

(a) 38.8% (b)45% (c) 61.2% (d)NOT

[Link] shopkeeper keeper was offering two successive discounts of 15% and 10% on
an item while the second one is offering flat 25% discount on the same item. Which
shopkeeper should I buy the item from?

(a). First Shopkeeper (b). Second Shopkeeper

(c). Any of them; both are same (d). Data Insufficient

[Link] will be the difference between single discount of 30% on Rs. 2000 and 2
successive discounts of 15% and 15%?

(a) Rs 0 (b) rs 10 (c) Rs 45 (d) Rs 150