LESSON 02: LANGUAGE OF
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
RELATION (R)
• Relationsabound in daily life. People are related to each
other in many ways as parents and children, teachers
and students, employers and employees, and many
others. In business things that are brought are related to
their cost and the amount paid is related to the number
of things brought.
RELATION (R)
•A relation is a representation of the relationship between
two sets of quantities or things, the domain and range.
• DOMAIN - the set of all x-values
• RANGE - the set of all y-values.
•A relation is also a set of ordered pair (x, y).
EXAMPLE:
R = {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
RELATION (R)
• The
elements of the domain can be imagined
as input to a machine that applies a rule of
these inputs to generate one or more outputs.
RELATION (R) as a SUBSET
• Consider the Cartesian product 𝐴 × 𝐵 = {(x, y)| x ∈ 𝐴, y ∈ 𝐵} of
two sets 𝐴 and 𝐵. A relation R from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is a subset of 𝐴×𝐵.
• Foreach pair x ∈ 𝐴 and y ∈ 𝐵, exactly one of the following is
true:
- (x, y) ∈ 𝑅; we say “x is related to y” written xRy
- (x, y) ∉ 𝑅; we say “x is not related to y”.
Examples:
1. A = {1, 2, 3) B = {4, 5}
RELATION (R) as a SUBSET
2. Let A = {1, 2} and B = {1, 2, 3} and define a relation R
from A to B as follows: Given any (x, y) ∈ AxB, (x, y) ∈ R
𝑥−𝑦
means that is an integer.
2
a. State explicitly which ordered pairs are in AxB and which are
in R.
b. Is 1 R 3? Is 2 R 3? Is 2 R 2?
c. What are the domain and range of R?
RELATION (R)
• Relations can be represented in many ways:
1. Set of Ordered Pairs
2. Tabular Form/Table of Values
3. Mapping Diagram
4. Graphing
FUNCTION
•Aspecial type of relation between a set of inputs having
one output each.
EXAMPLES:
A = {(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)}
B = {(-2, 1), (-3, 2), (-4, 6), (-5, 6)}
TYPES OF RELATION
1. One-to-one/Injective 2. One-to-many
Domain Range Domain Range
1 3
5 4
6 7
RELATION AND FUNCTION
3. Many-to-one 4. Many-to-many
Domain Range Domain Range
1 3 1 3
5 5 4
6 4 6 7
RELATION AND FUNCTION
Identify if the following relation is a function or not.
1. One-to-one - Function
2. One-to-many – Not Function
3. Many-to-one - Not Function
4. Many-to-many – Not Function
Therefore, ALL FUNCTIONS ARE RELATIONS but NOT
ALL RELATIONS ARE FUNCTIONS.
ACTIVITY
Identify if the following relation is one-to-one, one-to-
many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. Then, identify
if it is a function or not.
1. A taxi driver and his plate number.
2. A student and his ID number.
3. A library and books.
4. Your wallet and its content.
5. Husband and wife.
6. A block section and their class schedule
ACTIVITY
7. Six students were sampled from a classroom and their heights and
weights were collected. The following relation represented the data
sample such that x is the height of the student in inches and y is the
weight of the students in pounds: (50, 90), (62, 102), (55, 98), (60,
109), (60, 102), (52, 93). Write this relation as a table.
