Mathematics repetition for Systems Engineering

and Process Control

Maria Karlsson

2005

The courses Systems Engineering and Process Control both require math from
high school and from the courses in analysis and linear algebra. We know that
some students find this course to be hard since they might not have used that
math in quite a while.
Here we show some examples of the calculations we expect you to be able to
handle during the course, and if you do not feel confident on some topic here you
should practice it to allow you to follow along with lectures and exercises properly.

Quadratic equations

1. Solve the equation x2 − x + 4 = 0

2. Solve the equation 3x2 + 2x + 1 = 0

Partial fraction decomposition

3. Do a partial fraction decomposition of the following function

1
f ( x) =
( x + 1)( x + 2)
that is, rewrite f ( x) on the form
a b
f ( x) = +
x+1 x+2
where a and b are constants.

4. Do a partial fraction decomposition of the function

3x + 11
f ( x) =
( x + 1)( x − 3)( x + 2)

5. Do a partial fraction decomposition of the function

2
f ( x) =
x2 + 3x + 2

Matrices

6 a. Calculate the matrix product of A and B.

−1 0  1 −2 
   
A· B= ·

  
 
4 −5

3 2

1
 b. Calculate the matrix product of A and B.

−1 
   
A· B=  · 1 2

 
3

c. Calculate the matrix product of A and B.

   4 
A · B = −1 0  · 
  

−5
 

7. Calculate the determinant of the matrix.

−2 4 
 
A=

 

1 0

8. Invert the matrix A

 
1 2
A=
 
 
3 4

9 a. Calculate the eigenvalues of the matrix

 
1 2
A=

 

3 4

b. Calculate the eigenvalues of the matrix

−1 0 0 
 

 
A= 0 4 0 

 
 

 
0 0 −2

10a. Following system of equations are given

5x1 + 3x2 = 7
2x1 − x2 = 0

Write this on the form Ax = B, where A is a matrix, B is a vector and x has

the form
 
 x1 
x=
  
x2

b. Write the system of equations

x1 + x3 = 0
x2 − x3 = 1
x1 + x2 = 2

on the form Ax = B.

2
Taylor series expansion

11a. Do a Taylor series expansion of the function f ( x) = x2 at x = 2 up to the first

order terms.
√
b. Do a Taylor series expansion of the function f ( x, u) = 5 3x + sin(u) at x = 3,
u = π up to the first order terms.

Complex numbers

12a. Find the real part Re( z) and imaginary part Im( z) of the complex number

z = −2 + 3i

b. Plot the number z = 2 + 4i in the complex plane.

c. Plot the number z = −1 + i in the complex plane and mark in the plot what
the absolute value and argument are.

d. Calculate absolute value p zp and argument arg( z) for the number z = −1 + i.

e. Write the number z = −1 + i on polar form.

f. Find the real part and imaginary part of the number z = 3eπi

13a. Calculate p eωi p, where ω is a real number.

b. Calculate arg( eωi ), where ω is a real number.

c. Calculate p − 2(−1 + 2i)(−4 − 3i)p

d. Calculate arg(−2(−1 + 2i)(−4 − 3i))

2e−5i (2−i)2
e. Calculate p 2i+3 p
1 2
2e−5i (2−i)2
f. Calculate arg 2i+3