INTRODUCTION

The rapid growth of digital health records, clinical trials, and drug safety
reports has created a huge volume of drug-related data. Extracting useful insights
from these datasets is vital for improving patient safety, optimizing treatments, and
speeding up drug discovery. However, manual analysis methods are often too slow
and limited to handle the scale and complexity of this information.

This project uses machine learning to analyze large drug datasets and
uncover patterns that support better healthcare decisions. It examines data such as
dosages, patient demographics, medical histories, and clinical notes to predict drug
effectiveness, detect side effects, and recommend safe, effective treatment options.

For hospitals, it helps reduce medication errors, improve planning, and

enhance safety. For pharmacists, it supports accurate drug selection, safe
combinations, and faster decisions. For patients, it means more personalized
treatments, fewer side effects, and greater confidence in their care. The workflow
covers data cleaning, feature selection, model training, and evaluation, with results
that can be integrated into healthcare systems for real-time, data-driven
recommendations.

MOTIVATION
Over time, I’ve observed that hospitals, pharmacists, and patients often face
challenges in choosing the right medication and avoiding harmful side effects.
Patients sometimes experience unexpected drug reactions or receive prescriptions
that are not the most effective for their specific condition. Pharmacists, while
aiming to provide the safest and most suitable drugs, may not have access to
detailed patient history or real-time drug interaction alerts. Hospitals, too, must
process large amounts of prescription and treatment data, making it difficult to spot
patterns that could improve patient safety and care. Without advanced tools to
analyze and interpret this information, opportunities to prevent adverse effects,
recommend better treatments, and improve healthcare outcomes are often missed.

This project is motivated by the need to use machine learning to turn raw
drug data into actionable insights, helping hospitals make safer decisions,
pharmacists provide better guidance, and patients receive treatments that work best
for them.
 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
As the amount of drug-related data from hospitals, pharmacies, and clinical
research continues to grow, it becomes harder to process and interpret this
information using traditional methods. Hospitals often struggle to quickly detect
patterns in prescription data that could prevent medication errors or improve
treatment effectiveness. Pharmacists, while aiming to provide the safest and most
appropriate drugs, may lack timely insights into potential drug–drug interactions,
patient-specific risks, or the most effective treatment options based on past cases.
Patients, in turn, may be prescribed drugs that are less effective for their unique
needs or that cause preventable side effects.

Currently, there is no simple, automated system that uses advanced data

analysis to connect hospitals, pharmacists, and patients in making well-informed
drug decisions. Without such a system, valuable data remains underutilized, and
opportunities to improve patient safety, treatment outcomes, and overall healthcare
efficiency are lost.

This project aims to solve that problem by applying machine learning to

mine large drug datasets, uncover hidden patterns, and generate actionable insights.
This can help hospitals reduce errors, pharmacists select safer and more effective
medications, and patients receive personalized treatments that match their needs.

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This project covers the design, development, and implementation of a

machine learning–based system for mining and analyzing large drug datasets. It
addresses the needs of hospitals, pharmacists, and patients by processing structured
and unstructured drug-related data to identify patterns, predict drug effectiveness,
and detect potential side effects. The system will support drug selection, safety
checks, and treatment optimization by generating actionable insights from data
sources such as patient demographics, medical histories, prescription records, and
clinical notes.

The project focuses on creating a workflow that includes data cleaning,

feature selection, model training, and performance evaluation, with an emphasis on
accuracy, reliability, and security. The final solution will be designed for
integration into hospital and pharmacy software, providing real-time
recommendations to improve patient care, enhance pharmacist decision-making,
and reduce medication risks. Attention will also be given to usability and
accessibility so that the system can be effectively used across different healthcare
settings.

JOURNAL LIMITATION AND CONTRIBUTION

1. Yingqi Gu; Akshay Zalkikar; Mingming Liu; Lara Kelly; Amy Hall;
Kieran Daly; Tomas Ward (2021)
Title: Predicting medication adherence using ensemble learning and deep
learning models with large scale healthcare data
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98387-w
Summary: Uses ensemble learning and deep learning (notably LSTM) to
predict medication adherence from a large dataset of injectable medication
disposal events collected via a connected sharps bin. Achieved ~77% accuracy
and an AUC of 0.8390.
Limitation: Relies on hardware (connected sharps bin), limiting broader
accessibility.
My Contribution: My project will use a purely mobile-based solution without
extra hardware, making it more scalable and accessible, with direct pharmacist
communication.
2. Md Muntasir Zitu; Shijun Zhang; Dwight H Owen; Chienwei Chiang;
Lang Li (2023)
Title: Generalizability of machine learning methods in detecting adverse drug
events from clinical narratives in electronic medical records
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1218679
Summary: Compares SVM, CNN, BiLSTM, BERT, and ClinicalBERT for
detecting adverse drug events in clinical notes. ClinicalBERT showed superior
generalizability across different datasets (F-scores up to 0.78).
Limitation: Trained on limited data and only two corpora, which may limit
wider applicability.
My Contribution: My system will use larger, more diverse clinical data to
train models that generalize better across settings.
3. Qiaozhi Hu; Yuxian Chen; Dan Zou; Zhiyao He; Ting Xu (2024)
Title: Predicting adverse drug event using machine learning based on electronic
health records: a systematic review and meta-analysis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1497397
Summary: Meta-analysis of ML models (e.g., Random Forest, SVM,
XGBoost) predicting ADEs using EHR data. Reported an average AUC of
~0.807, accuracy 76%, sensitivity ~62%, specificity ~75%.
Limitation: Evaluation standards and preprocessing varied widely; lack of real-
 world implementation.
My Contribution: I will implement strict preprocessing, clearly report
methodologies, and aim for usability in real clinical workflows.
4. Marjan Zakeri; Sujit S. Sansgiry; Susan M. Abughosh
Title: Application of machine learning in predicting medication adherence
among patients with cardiovascular diseases
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/jmai-21-26
Summary: Systematic review targeting ML models for medication adherence
in patients with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. Common algorithms
included Random Forest, SVM, and neural networks. Reported accuracies
ranged from 0.53 to 0.97.
Limitation: No model was externally validated on independent datasets.
My Contribution: My project will include external validation to ensure
robustness and generalizability.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE

Aim
The aim of Mining Drug Dataset with Machine Learning is to leverage advanced
computational techniques to extract meaningful patterns, trends, and predictions
from large-scale drug-related datasets in order to enhance patient safety, improve
drug effectiveness, and support decision-making in healthcare and pharmaceutical
research.

Objectives

1. To collect, clean, and preprocess diverse drug-related datasets, including

clinical, pharmaceutical, and patient-reported data.
2. To apply supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning algorithms for
identifying patterns in drug usage, interactions, and adverse effects.
3. To develop predictive models for forecasting patient responses, drug
efficacy, and potential side effects.
4. To detect anomalies and rare adverse drug reactions for early risk
identification.
5. To visualize analytical results in an interpretable format for use by
healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers.
6. To evaluate and compare different machine learning models for accuracy,
efficiency, and scalability.
7. To provide data-driven recommendations for optimizing drug
administration, dosage, and patient adherence strategies.
 REFERENCE
1. Yingqi Gu; Akshay Zalkikar; Mingming Liu; Lara Kelly; Amy Hall; Kieran
Daly; Tomas Ward. Predicting medication adherence using ensemble
learning and deep learning models with large scale healthcare data. Sci Rep
2021;11:19288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98387-w
2. Md Muntasir Zitu; Shijun Zhang; Dwight H Owen; Chienwei Chiang; Lang
Li. Generalizability of machine learning methods in detecting adverse drug
events from clinical narratives in electronic medical records. Front
Pharmacol 2023;14:1218679. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1218679
3. Qiaozhi Hu; Yuxian Chen; Dan Zou; Zhiyao He; Ting Xu. Predicting
adverse drug event using machine learning based on electronic health
records: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol
2024;15:1497397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1497397
4. Marjan Zakeri; Sujit S Sansgiry; Susan M Abughosh. Application of
machine learning in predicting medication adherence among patients with
cardiovascular diseases. J Med Artif Intell 2022;5:4. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21037/jmai-21-26
5. Mitkova Z; Dimitrova E; Kazakova V; Gerasimov N; Gospodinov D;
Mitkov J; Pishev S; Petrova G. Measuring adherence in hypertensive
patients. Pilot study with self-efficacy for appropriate medication use scale
in Bulgaria. Medicina 2025;61:478. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61030478