CONNECTIVE DEVICES (Từ nối)

PART 1. GRAMMAR
 Structure (Cấu trúc chung)
RESULT EMPHASIS ADDITION
(Kết quả) (Nhấn mạnh) (Bổ sung)
As a result Undoubtedly In addition / Additionally
As a consequence (of) Obviously/Clearly In addition to this
Therefore Indeed Furthermore
Thus Particularly / in particular Also
Consequently Especially Too
Hence Importantly As well as
For this reason Absolutely / Definitely Besides
Without a doubt Moreover
Never Not only...but also
Above all Apart from this

REASON ILLUSTRATION SUMMARY

(Nguyên nhân) (Đưa ví dụ) (Tóm lại)
Because of For example / For instance In conclusion
With this in mind Such as To summarise
In fact Including Altogether
Due to/Owing to Namely In short
In this case To sum up
Like In summary
To demonstrate/ To clarify Briefly
To conclude

COMPARISON ORDER CONTRAST

(So sánh) (Trình tự) (Tương phản)
Similarly First/ firstly Unlike
Equally First and foremost Nevertheless
Likewise Second/secondly On the other hand
Just as Third/thirdly On the contrary Nonetheless
Just like Then Despite / In spite of
 Similar to Finally In contrast (to)
Same as At this time While
Compare /compare(d) to Following / Previously Whereas
In the same way Before / After Alternatively
Correspondingly Subsequently Conversely
Above all Contrary to
Lastly and most importantly However
Last but not least

PURPOSE GENERALISATION RESTATEMENT

(Mục đích) (Khái quát) (Nói lại)
In order to/So that In general / Generally In other words
Overall To put it differently
For the most part
On the whole
PART 2. PRACTICE
A. CONSTRUCTED-RESPONSE (Tự luận)
Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps with one of the connective devices in the box below.
whereas (x2) besides therefore due to finally
so that nonetheless in order to because of in general
1. She does her best at work, _____________ most of her colleagues are very lazy.
2. Some professionals post their work on the Net _____________ people all over the world can have access
to it.
3. She wanted to apply for a job in Australia. _____________ she studied English hard.
4. Applicants for this job should speak at least two other European languages _____________ German.
5. She arrives early every day _____________ help her coworkers.
6. _____________ the rise of unemployment, families have worse living conditions.
7. Our company is doing well. _____________, we aren't going to expand, _____________ the financial problems
we are facing.
8. Taxes have gone up every year, _____________ our salaries have gone down.
9. _____________, Korean food is hot and spicy.
10. _____________, I would like to show you some facts about healthy eating.
Exercise 2: Fill in the gaps with one of the connective devices in the box below.
owing to therefore so that then
to sum up for example first on the contrary
 in order to in particular whereas finally
1. My brother is working hard _____________ get his university degree.
2. My sister loves skiing _____________ I hate it.
3. Some roofs were damaged _____________ the strong wind.
4. Lucy copied my cheesecake recipe _____________ she could make it for her family.
5. Peter is so nice and _____________ everybody likes to work with him.
6. Mary is the kindest person I’ve ever met. _____________ her husband seems to be very mean.
7. In New York, _____________ we can visit The Empire state Building, _____________ we can go to Ground
Zero, _____________ we can go to the MoMA museum.
8. _____________, there are two main ways to solve the problem.
9. Many countries, _____________, Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.
10. My sister loves science fiction _____________.
Exercise 3: Fill in the gaps with one of the connective devices in the box below.
indeed similarly unlike furthermore overall
namely besides in short in other words undoubtedly
1. _____________ going to the gym twice a week, she rides her bike on Saturdays.
2. This hotel is very comfortable. _____________, it’s in a great location.
3. I have to say that most of the essays are good _____________.
4. _____________ most people in the office, I do not come to work by car.
5. _____________, public interest in folk music has declined.
6. _____________, the report says that more money should be spent on education.
7. Women must do the housework. _____________, men have to do too.
8. _____________, it has been a successful year of our company.
9. Jane was invited to Larry’s party. _____________, we can meet her there.
10. There’re two world’s most spoken languages, _____________, Chinese and English.
Exercise 4: Join the following sentences using the words in the brackets.
1. We have installed an alarm. We want to prevent thieves from breaking in. (so as to)
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2. He couldn’t participate in the marathon. Patrick broke his leg last week. (as a result)
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3. Buy some salmon, Pete. I want to prepare our favourite dish. (so that)
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4. His sister is mad about sport. Paul enjoys painting. (whereas)
__________________________________________________________________________
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5. My brother didn’t study hard last term. He failed some exams. (therefore)
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6. We couldn’t go swimming. The weather was bad. (owing to)
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7. She always lied. Nobody believed what Linda said. (as a result).
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8. Tony was absent from his office for many days. He’s been fired by the boss. (consequently)
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9. It snowed heavily last night. Schools were closed. (because of)
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10. I gave Sue my phone number. She could text me. (so that)
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11. We missed the last bus. We had to walk home. (therefore)
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12. I forgot my appointment. I had made a note of it. (nevertheless)
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13. Bob gave her a nice birthday present. He also invited Tina to a romantic dinner. (besides)
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14. The manager was holding an important meeting. I tried to contact him. (however)
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15. Alan didn’t get the job. He did quite well at the interview. (nevertheless)
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B. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (Trắc nghiệm)
Exercise 1: Circle the correct answer.
1. _____________ Pete had promised to phone us, he forgot.
A. Since B. Although C. However D. Moreover
2. Carol always does her best _____________ help other people.
A. so that B. in order to C. as for D. so
3. _____________ the thick fog, lots of cars were held up on the motorway.
A. Because of B. Since C. But D. Despite
4. The interview to the candidate was a failure _____________ the interviewee couldn’t answer any
questions.
A. as a result B. because of C. despite D. because
5. Dan has to make an appointment with Dr Black _____________ he’s got a bad cold.
A. owing to B. however C. as D. because of
6. You won’t pass the exam _____________ you do your best.
A. provided that B. if C. as long as D. unless
7. Mary bought that black dress _____________ its high price.
A. despite of B. in spite C. in spite of D. because of
8. The new Director runs the company quite efficiently. _____________, he’s really nice to the employees.
A. Besides B. On the contrary C. So D. As well as
9. My car was broken, _____________ I was late for the meeting yesterday.
A. whereas B. so C. because D. as
10. You’d better wear warm clothes _____________ it gets colder tonight.
A. in order to B. in case of C. in case D. in case to
11. _____________ the company made a profit, the workers weren’t given a pay rise.
A. However B. Also C. Even though D. Moreover
12. Peter had stomachache _____________ the awful soup.
A. due to B. because C. because of D. but
13. _____________ the storm, most domestic flights were delayed.
A. Because B. Owing to C. Although D. Despite of
14. I bought some tomatoes _____________ my mother can make a good salad.
A. in order to B. for C. so that D. due to
15. Mites doesn’t earn a lot. _____________, he goes on holiday every year.
A. Although B. Nevertheless C. While D. As a result
16. John likes flying, _____________ his wife hates it.
A. since B. so that C. despite D. whereas
17. Marry usually brings some bread _____________ she’s hungry.
A. unless B. in case C. in spite of D. in order to
18. You’d better be quick _____________ we aren’t late for the party.
A. as B. so as to C. so that D. because
19. _____________ complaining about the faulty goods, we didn’t get a refund.
A. Although B. Despite C. Owing to D. Since
20. Everybody got shocked _____________ the bomb explosion.
A. in spite of B. due to C. despite D. because
21. The bomb exploded. _____________, nobody was killed.
A. However B. Since C. So D. In spite of
22. Dave is such a talented boy. He can speak four languages. _____________, he plays the piano beautifully.
A. However B. Moreover C. But D. Owing to
23. Most people go jogging _____________ keep fit.
A. so that B. so as to C. in order not to D. due to
24. My sister loves painting _____________ my brother prefers taking photos.
A. because B. due to C. while D. since
25. Peter is always on a diet. _____________, his sister can eat whatever she Likes without putting on weight.
A. So B. As a result C. Because of D. On the contrary
Exercise 2: Choose the correct option.
1. I’ll lend you my car provided that / in case you promise to drive carefully.
2. Pam took a day off in order to I so that she could go to the dentist.
3. Since I Even though I asked Sue for help, she refused to help me.
4. Sally works really hard at school. On the whole / On the contrary, her brother is the laziest student
I’ve ever known.
5. We packed some thick clothes in case / unless it got cold in the mountains.
6. Though / Due to his illness, Dr Thoms advised Tom to take some pills.
7. Peter didn’t sleep well last night. Nevertheless / Therefore, he looked fresh and in shape this morning.
8. Laura doesn’t study hard enough. As a result / Nevertheless, she failed her final exam.
9. I like pop music in particular / for example.
10. To sum up / In general, there’re four main points you have to remember in the lesson today.
11. Like / As other girls, Nancy loves shopping.
12. Dan plays the flute and the piano. However / Moreover, he writes songs.
13. Some skiers didn’t stop skiing despite / because of the heavy snow.
14. We are busy at home, first / overall we must vacuum, thirdly / then we have to dust the furniture
and clean the windows, in conclusion / finally we must mow the lawn too.
15. Offices can easily become more environmentally-friendly. For example I Such as, using recycled
paper.
C. ERROR CORRECTION (Sửa lỗi sai)
Exercise 1: Look at the following sentences. If It is correct, put a ✓. If it is wrong, correct it.
1. Bring an umbrella with you in case it rains tomorrow. __________
2. In my opinion, there are three main kinds of pollution, for instance air __________
pollution, water pollution and soil pollution.
3. I like travelling by underground, even though it gets pretty crowded during __________
rush hours.
4. It was a windy and rainy night. Therefore, I decided to go out. __________
5. That house isn’t big enough for US. As a result, it’s too expensive. __________
6. The weather was terrible. However, we decided to delay our trip. __________
7. We all felt tired in addition to the hot weather. __________
8. In conclude, we have to join hands to build up a better society. __________
9. Due to the wonderful main meal, we also had a delicious pudding. __________
10. Susan likes eating chocolate, thus her sister doesn’t. __________
Exercise 2: Find and correct the mistake in each of the following sentences.
1. I’ve known Henry for years. However, I know him well enough.
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2. First, cut out the pictures, finally paste them into your book.
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3. I would like to learn Chinese. In addition, I don’t know anyone who can teach me.
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4. You mustn’t forget to buy some stamps. Thus, make sure you send to the right address.
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5. You can have neither tea or coffee for breakfast. What would you like?
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6. I arrived late for the performance since a traffic jam on the motorway.
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7. The candidate didn’t meet the necessary requirements. In these words, he failed.
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8. I’m not tired at all. Besides, I’m feeling full of energy.
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9. He likes all kinds of sports, namely skiing, hockey and volleyball.
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10. As a consequence the train cancellation, I missed my appointment.
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