DURABILITYOFGREENCONCRETEWITHRECYCLED
AGGREGATE AND TIRE RUBBER WASTES
ASEMINAR REPORT
Submitted by
HASSAN FATHIL S
REG.NO:2301011202
Inpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsfortheawardof
DIPLOMA
IN
CIVILENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING
GOVERNMENTPOLTECHNICCOLLEGE,PALAKKAD
JULY 2025
DECLARATION
I undersigned hereby declare that the Seminar report 2024-2025 on ‘DURABILITY OF
GREENCONCRETEWITHRECYCLEDAGGREGATEANDTIRERUBBER
WASTES’,submittedforpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsfortheawardofDiplomain
Civil Engineering of the Government Polytechnic College, Palakkad is a bonafide work doneby
me under supervision of Mrs.GREESHMA K , Lecturer in Civil Engineering . This submission
represents my ideasin my own words and whereideas or wordsof others have
beenincluded,Ihaveadequatelyandaccuratelycitedandreferencedtheoriginalsources. I also declare
that I have adhered to ethics of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or
fabricated any data or idea or fact or source in my submission. I understand
thatanyviolationoftheabovewillbeacausefordisciplinaryactionbytheinstituteand/or the University
and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been
properlycitedorfromwhomproperpermissionhasnotbeenobtained. Thisreporthasnot been
previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or similar title of any other
University.
Place NameofStudent
Date Signature
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PALAKKAD
DEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
Certify that the report entitled“DURABILITY OF GREEN CONCRETE WITH
RECYCLED AGGREGATE AND TIRERUBBERWASTES”isanauthenticreportof thework
donebySURJITH T (REGNO:2201010281)thirdyear CivilEngineering students,
GovernmentPolytechnic College,Palakkadinpartial fulfillmentoftherequirement of the award of
Diploma in Civil Engineering under the Board of Technical Education, during the year 2024 -
2025.
REG.NO.:2201010281
Place: Palakkad
Date:
Guidedby,
Smt.SANDRAMOHANP Smt.GREESHMA K
HEADOFDEPARTMENT LECTURERINCIVILENGINEERING
InternalExaminer ExternalExaminer
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In performing my seminar ,whichwas asuccessfulone ,Ihad totakethe help and guideline of
some respected persons . First of all , I am grateful to God who gave me sound mind and sound
health to accomplish my seminar .
I Extremely thankful to the Head of civil engineering department, Mrs.SANDRA MOHAN P
Forhervaluablesupportandencouragementthroughoutmyseminar.Iwouldliketothank my guide ,
Mrs . GREESHMA Kfor her support and help from the topic selection to the completion of my
seminar . Her willingness to motivate me contributed tremendously to my seminar. I also thank
her for showing me some examples and some techniques in the organization that was related to
the topic of my seminar. Finally , I thank my parents, friendsand all my well wishes
whohadtosupportedmedirectly and indirectly during the course of my seminar .
i
ABSTRACT
Allovertheworldbillionsoftiresarebeindigscardedandburiedrepresentinga
seriousecologicalthreat.Uptonowasmallpartisrecycledandmillionsoftiresarejust
stockpiled,landfilledorburied.Thispaperpresentsresultsaboutthepropertiesandthe
durabilityofgreenconcretecontainsrecycledconcreteasacoarseaggregatewithpartial
replacementofsandbytirerubberwastesforpavementuse.Ternarycementioussystem,
Silicafume,FlyashandCementKilnDustareusedaspartialreplacementofcementby weight. Each
one replaced 10% of cement weight to give a total replacement of 30%. The
durabilityperformancewasassessedbymeansofwaterabsorption,chlorideionpermeability
at28and90days,andresistancetosulphuricacid attackat1,7,14 and28days.Alsotothe
compressionbehaviorsforthetestedspecimensat7,14,28and90daysweredetected.The
resultsshowtheexistenceofternarycementitioussystem,silicaflyashandCementKiln Dust
minimizes the strength loss associated to the use of rubber waste. In this way, up to 10%
rubbercontentand30%ternarycementioussystemanadequatestrengthclassvalue(30MPa),asrequire
dforawiderangeofcommonstructuraluses,canbereachedboththrough
naturalaggregateconcreteandrecycledaggregateconcrete.Resultsalsoshowthat,itispossible to use
rubber waste up to 15% and still maintain a high resistance to acid attack. Themixes with
10%silicafume, 10% fly ash and 10% Cement Kiln Dust show a higher
resistancetosulphuricacidattackthanthereferencemixindependentlyoftherubberwastecontent.
Themixeswithrubberwasteandternarycementioussystemwasalowerresistanceto sulphuric acid
attack than the reference mix.
ii
CONTENTS
Contents PageNo.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLEOFCONTENTS iii
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL 1
CHAPTER2 LITERATUREREVIEW 2
CHAPTER3 PRINCIPLE 4
CHAPTER4 WHATISGREENCONCRETEWITHRECYCLED 5
AGGREGATEANDRUBBERWASTE
CHAPTER5 MANUFACTURINGPROCESS 6
CHAPTER6 THEBENEFITSANDCONSIDERATIONOF
RECYCLEDAGGREGATEINCONCRETE
6.1BENEFITSOFRECYCLEDAGGREGATEIN 7
CONCRETE
6.2ADVANTAGEOFRUBBERWASTEIN 7
CONCRETE
6.3DURABILITYOFGREENCONCRETE 8
CHAPTER7 APPLICATIONOFRECYCLEDAGGREGATEAND 9
RUBBERWSATEINGREENCONCRETE
CHAPTER8 MERITSANDDEMERITSOFGREENCONCRETE
WITHRECYCLEDAGGREGATEINCONCRETE
8.1MERITSOFGREENCONCRETE 10
8.2DEMERITSOFGREENCONCRETE 11
CHAPTER9 CONCLUSION 12
REFERENCES 13
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SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1:GENERAL
Green concrete is an innovative and sustainable building material that incorporates
recycledmaterials,suchasrecycledaggregatesandtirerubberwaste,toreduce environmental impact.
By utilizing these recycled components, green concrete not only minimizes the depletion of
natural resources but also helps in managing waste effectively. Despite its eco-friendly
composition, green concrete offers performance characteristics comparable to traditional
concrete, making it a viable and responsible choice for modern construction projects. This
approach aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainability in the construction industry,
promoting a greener and more sustainable future.
DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
CHAPTER 2
LITERATUREREVIEW
Zhang T et.al (2013), Investigation on polymer-rubber aggregate modified porous
concrete. Construction and Building Materials.
"Investigation on polymer-rubber aggregate modified porous concrete"
explorestheenhancementofporousconcreteusingpolymerandrubberaggregates. The
research found that incorporating these materials significantly improved the mechanical
properties, such as compressive and flexural strength, and increased the durability of the
concrete, particularly its resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and water permeability.
Additionally, the use of rubber waste addresses environmental
concernsbyprovidingasustainablesolutionfortyredisposal.Thestudyconcludesthat
polymer-rubberaggregatemodifiedporousconcreteisaviable,eco-friendly alternative to
traditional porous concrete, suitable for applications like pavements and drainage
systems.
Pacheco-Torgal F et.al (2012), Properties and durability of concrete containing
polymeric wastes (tire rubber and polyethylene terephthalate bottles): Anoverview.
Construction and Building Materials
The study focused on the impact of these materials on the properties and
durability of the resulting concrete. The authors reviewed various experimentalfindings,
highlighting both the benefits and challenges associated with using these
recycledmaterials.Theresearchindicatedthatwhiletheinclusionofpolymeric
wastescouldenhancecertainpropertiesofconcrete,such astoughnessandresistance to
cracking, it might also pose challenges related to workability and long-termdurability.
This overview contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable construction
practices, emphasizing the potential of recycled polymeric wastes to improve the
environmental footprint of concrete production.
Alamo-Nole L. A et.al (2011), Sorption study of toluene and xylene in aqueous
solutions by recycled tires crumb rubber. Journal of Hazardous Materials
The research focused on the effectiveness of this material in removing
hazardousorganiccompounds,specificallytolueneandxylene,fromaqueous
solutions.Thefindingsdemonstratedthatcrumbrubbercouldserveasanefficient
DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
sorbent for these contaminants, highlighting its potential application in environmental
remediation efforts. This study contributes to the broader understanding of howrecycled
materials can be repurposed to address environmental challenges, aligningwith the
principles of sustainability and waste management..
DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
CHAPTER3
PRINCIPLE
The principle of using recycled aggregate and rubber tyre waste in green concrete revolves
aroundsustainabilityandresourceefficiency.Byincorporatingthesematerials,thedemand for natural
aggregates is reduced, conserving natural resources and minimizing environmental degradation
caused by quarrying and mining activities. This practice also helps in diverting waste materials
like rubber tyres from landfills, thereby reducing the environmental impact associated with
waste disposal. The production of recycled aggregates typically requires less energy compared
to the extraction and processing of virgin materials, contributing to overall energy savings in the
construction industry. Utilizing waste materials in concrete helps in
reducingthecarbonfootprintofconstructionactivities,asitlowerstheneedfornew
materialsandreducesgreenhousegasemissionsassociatedwiththeirproduction. Additionally,
recycled materials are often more cost-effective than new materials, leading to potential cost
savings in construction projects, making green concrete an economically viable option for
sustainable construction. Rubberized concrete can offer improved flexibility, shock absorption,
and thermal and acoustic insulation properties, making it suitable for specific applications like
pavements, sports courts, and energy-efficient buildings. The use of recycled aggregates and
rubber waste in concrete promotes innovation in construction practices and
supportsthedevelopmentofsustainablebuildingmaterials,aligningwithglobal sustainability goals
and green building certifications. By adhering to these principles, the construction industry can
move towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices, contributing to the
overall goal of sustainable development.
DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
CHAPTER 4
WHATISGREENCONCRETEWITHRECYCLED AGGREGATE
AND RUBBER WASTE
Greenconcretewithrecycledaggregateandrubberwasteisaninnovative and
sustainable construction material designed to reduce environmental impact. This type of
concrete incorporates recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste, as well as
rubber waste from discarded tires, into its mix. By utilizing these waste materials,
greenconcretenotonlydivertssignificantamountsofwastefromlandfillsbutalsoreducesthe
needforvirginrawmaterials,therebyconservingnaturalresources.Additionally,the inclusion of
rubber waste enhances the concrete's flexibility and durability, making it more resistant to
cracking and wear. Overall, green concrete with recycled aggregate and rubberwaste represents
a significant step towards more eco-friendly and sustainable construction practices.
DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
CHAPTER 5
MANUFACTURINGPROCESS
The manufacturing process of green concrete containing recycled aggregate and
rubber waste begins with the collection of waste tire rubber and recycled aggregates from
construction and demolition waste. These materials are then cleaned and processed to remove
contaminantsand ensure uniformity insize. An optimized mix design is developed todetermine
the proportions of cement, recycled aggregates, rubber waste, water, and any necessary
additives. The materials are measured and batched according to this mix design and then
thoroughly combined in a concrete mixer. The mixed concrete is poured into molds and
subjected to compression casting techniques to compact the material and remove air voids,
enhancing its density and strength. The cast concrete is allowed to cure under controlled
conditions to achieve the desired strength and durability. Finally, quality control tests are
conducted on the cured concrete to ensure it meets the required performance standards,
including compressive strength, durability, and resistance to environmental factors.
DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
CHAPTER 6
THEBENEFITS ANDCONSIDERATIONOFRECYCLED
AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE
6.1 BENEFITSOFRECYCLEDAGGREGATEINCONCRETE
Recycled aggregate in concrete offers numerous benefits and considerations that make it an
attractive option for sustainable construction. One of the primary benefits is the reduction of
waste sent to landfills, as recycled aggregates are sourced from construction and demolition
debris. This not only helps in waste management but also conserves natural resources by
reducing the need for virgin aggregates. Additionally, using recycled aggregate can lower the
overall cost of concrete production, as these materials are often less expensive than new
aggregates. However, there are important considerations to keep in mind. The quality and
consistency of recycledaggregatescanvary,which mayaffectthestrengthand durability of the
concrete. Proper processing and quality control measures are essential to ensure that the
recycledaggregatesmeettherequiredstandards.Furthermore,thepresenceofcontaminants in
recycled materials can impact the performance of the concrete, necessitating thorough cleaning
and testing. Despite these challenges, the environmental and economic advantages
makerecycledaggregateavaluablecomponentinthepursuitofgreenerconstruction practices
6.2 ADVANTAGESOFRUBBERWASTEINCONCRETE
Rubber waste in concrete offers several advantages that contribute to both
environmental sustainability and improved material performance. Incorporating rubber waste,
typically sourced from discarded tires, into concrete mixes helps in reducing thevolume ofnon-
biodegradable waste in landfills, addressing a significant environmental concern. The
additionofrubberparticlesenhancestheflexibilityandtoughnessofconcrete,makingit more resistant
to cracking and deformation under stress. This improved durability can extendthe lifespan of
concrete structures, reducing the need for frequent repairs and replacements.
Moreover,rubberized concrete exhibitsbettershock absorptionand soundinsulation
properties,makingitsuitableforapplicationsinareaswithhighimpactloadsornoise
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SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
reduction requirements. Overall, the use of rubber waste in concrete not only promotesrecycling
and waste management but also results in a more resilient and versatile construction material.
6.3 DURABILITYOFGREENCONCRETE
Green concrete, designed with sustainability in mind, offers impressive durability
that can rival or even surpass traditional concrete. This type of concrete incorporates eco-
friendlymaterialssuchasrecycledaggregates,industrialby-productslikeflyashandslag, and
alternative binders, which contribute to its enhanced performance characteristics. The useof
these materials often results in a denser microstructure, reducing the permeability of the
concreteandmakingitmoreresistanttoenvironmentalfactorssuchasmoistureingress, freeze-thaw
cycles, and chemical attacks. Additionally, green concrete can exhibit improved resistance to
cracking and shrinkage due to the inclusion of supplementary cementitious
materialsthatenhanceitsmechanicalproperties. Thelong-termdurabilityofgreenconcrete not only
ensures the longevity of structures but also reduces maintenance costs and the environmental
impact associated with frequent repairs and replacements. By combining
sustainabilitywithrobustperformance,greenconcreterepresentsasignificantadvancement in the
constructionindustry’s efforts to build more resilient and eco-friendly infrastructure.
DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
CHAPTER 7
APPLICATION OFRECYCLED AGGREGATEANDRUBBER
WASTE IN GREEN CONCRETE
The application of recycled aggregate and rubber waste in green concrete is an
innovative approach that aligns with sustainable construction practices. This method finds
extensive use in various sectors, including road construction, where it enhances the flexibility
andshockabsorptionofpavementsandsidewalks,andprovidesstablebaselayers.In
buildingconstruction,greenconcreteisutilizedinnon-structuralelementslikepartition walls,
facades, and flooring, contributing to reduced environmental impact and improved thermal and
acoustic insulation. Precast concrete products such as blocks, pavers, curbs, and gutters benefit
from the inclusion of recycled materials, promoting sustainable urban development.
Landscaping and outdoor furniture, including benches, planters, and retaining walls,
alsoleveragethedurabilityandaestheticappealofgreenconcrete.Industrial applications see its use in
durable flooring and sound barriers, while marine and coastal
structuresbenefitfromitsresistancetoharshenvironmentalconditions.Recreational facilities like
sports courts and skate parks utilize rubberized concrete for its safety and resilience.
Additionally, environmental projects such as erosion control and stormwater management
systems employ green concrete to enhance performance and sustainability.Overall,
incorporating recycled aggregate and rubber waste into concrete not only supports
environmentalgoals but alsoimprovesthefunctionality andlongevityofconcretestructures.
DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
CHAPTER8
MERITS ANDDEMERITS OFGREENCONCRETEWITH
RECYCLED AGGREGATE AND RUBBER WASTE
8.1 MERITSOFGREENCONCRETE
• Environmental Benefits: Incorporating recycled aggregates and rubber tire wastehelps
in reducing the amount of construction and demolition waste that ends up in landfills.
This practice promotes recycling and waste management, contributing to a circular
economy.
• Resource Conservation: Utilizing recycled materials reduces the demand for natural
aggregates, thereby conserving natural resources and minimizing the environmental
impact associated with quarrying and mining activities.
• Cost Efficiency: Recycled aggregates and rubber tire waste are often less expensive
than virgin materials. This cost-saving can be significant, especially in large-scale
construction projects.
• Improved Durability: The inclusion of rubber particles in concrete enhances its
flexibility and toughness, making it more resistant to cracking and deformation under
stress. This can extend the lifespan of concrete structures and reduce maintenancecosts.
• EnhancedPerformance:Recycledaggregatescanimprovethemechanical properties of
concrete, such as compressive strength and durability. Rubberized
concretealsoexhibitsbettershockabsorptionandsoundinsulationproperties, making it
suitable for specific applications like roadways and buildings in noisy environments.
• Sustainability: The use of these materials supports sustainable construction practices
by reducing the carbon footprint associated with the production and transportation of
traditional concrete materials.
• Innovation in Construction: The integration of recycled aggregates and rubber tire
waste encourages innovation in the construction industry, leading to the developmentof
new materials and techniques that can further enhance the performance and
sustainability of concrete.
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DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
8.2 DEMERITSOFGREENCONCRETE
• VariableQuality:Thequalityofrecycledaggregatescanvarysignificantly depending on the
source and processing methods. This variability can affect the consistency and
performance of the concrete.
• Lower Strength: In some cases, concrete made with recycled aggregates may exhibit
lowercompressivestrengthcomparedtoconventionalconcrete.Thiscanlimititsuse in high-
strength applications.
• Contaminants:Recycledaggregatesmaycontainimpuritiessuchasdirt,gypsum, and other
contaminants that can adversely affect the properties of the concrete. Proper cleaning
and processing are essential to mitigate this issue.
• Workability Issues: The inclusion of rubber tire waste can affect the workability of
concrete, making it more difficult to mix, place, and finish. Adjustments to the mix
design and the useofadmixtures may be necessary to achieve the desired workability.
• Durability Concerns: While rubberized concrete can be more flexible, it may also be
moresusceptibletolong-termdurabilityissuessuchasdegradationunderUV exposure and
chemical attacks. Ensuring the long-term performance of such concrete requires careful
consideration of the environmental conditions.
• LimitedStructuralApplications:Duetopotentialreductionsinstrengthand stiffness,
concrete containing recycled aggregates and rubber tire waste may not be suitable for all
structural applications, particularly those requiring high load-bearing capacity.
• Economic Factors: Although recycled materials can be cost-effective, the initial
investment in processing facilities and quality control measures can be high.
Additionally, the transportation costs of recycled materials can offset some of the cost
savings.
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DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
CHAPTER 9 :
CONCLUSION
The use of recycled aggregate and rubber tyre waste in green concrete represents
asignificantadvancementtowardssustainableconstructionpractices.Byintegratingthese waste
materials, the construction industry can effectively reduce its reliance on natural
resources,lowerenergyconsumption,andminimizeenvironmentaldegradation.This
approachnotonlyhelpsinmanaging wastemoreefficientlybutalso contributestoreducing the carbon
footprint of construction activities. Additionally, the economic benefits of usingcost-effective
recycled materials make green concrete a viable option for various construction projects. The
enhanced properties of rubberized concrete, such as improved flexibility and
insulation,furtherexpanditsapplicationpotential.Overall,theadoptionofrecycled aggregate and
rubber tyre waste in green concrete aligns with global sustainability goals, promoting innovation
and supporting the development of environmentally friendly building materials.
Thispracticeisacrucialsteptowards achievingamoresustainableandresilient built environment.
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DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
SEMINAR REPORT 2025-2026
REFERENCES
[1.] Shen. W Shan, L Zhang, T M Cai Z and ShiH (2013).Investigation on polymer- rubber
aggregate modified porous concrete.Construction and Building Materials, 38, 667- 674.
[2.] Pacheco-Torgal F, Ding Y and Jalali S (2012). Properties and durability of concrete
containing polymeric wastes (tire rubber and polyethylene terephthalate bottles): An
overview. Construction and Building Materials, 30, 714-724.
[3.] Alamo-Nole L.A, Perales-Perez O and Roman-Velazquez F R (2011).
Sorption study of toluene and xylene in aqueous solutions by recycled tires
crumb rubber. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185(1), 107-11.
13
DEPARTNMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,PALAKKAD
