COMMUNICATION

STRATEGIES 3

Jun Liu Tracy Davis Susanne Rizzo

COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES 3

Jun Liu

Tracy Davis
Susanne Rizzo

CENGAGE
Learning
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CENGAGE
Learning

Communication Strategies 3
Jun Liu, Tracy Davis, and Susanne Rizzo

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ISBN-13: 978-981-265-914-9
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FOREWORD

Learners are often able to strike up a conversation in English, but after a few minutes, they soon get
tongue-tied when the conversation moves beyond the surface level. I firmly believe that to overcome
this, students should concentrate on reaching a reasonably high level of communicative competence
as quickly as possible. Once this is attained, learners will have elevated themselves from language

leamers to language users and will then be in a better position to build on this knowledge. They will
also be better prepared to deal with the range of exams that many of them now face, including CET 4.
IELTS, or TOEFL.

Only by getting into the substance of communication can we move beyond formulaic English and
become language users. This textbook series is designed to enable you to be excellent strategic
language users. It is my hope that you will enjoy using the book to further your communication
strategies and become excellent users of English in real communication.

Jun Liu
Professor and Head of English Department
University of Arizona

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to thank my co-authors of this book, Tracy Davis and Suzanne Rizzo, for their great
collaboration and enthusiastic work while teaching English at Shantou University. I am indebted to
everyone at Cengage Learning, in particular, Paul Tan, Andrew Robinson, Andrew Jessop, and Hoi
Kin Chiu, for their trust, encouragement, and great assistance in the process of the book production.

I would also like to thank the professionals who have offered invaluable comments and suggestions
during the development of the course, in particular:

Chen Lijiang - Associate Professor, Shanghai International Studies University

Fan Xiangtao - Associate Professor, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Gac Dexin - Associate Professor, Shandong Liyi Normal University
Jia Zhongheng - Associate Professor, Tong Ji University
Li Zhiling - Professor, Shandong Agricultural University
Quan Jianqiang - Vice-Dean of English Department, East China Normal University
Tao Qing Professor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
-

War Hua Dean of English Department, Shanghai University

-

Wei Xiangqing Professor, Nanjing University

-

Zhang Yi Dean of English Department, East China Normal University

-

Zorg Ruikun - Professor, Shanghai Xing Jian College

Jun Liu

Foreword & Acknowledgement 03

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE UNIT THEME POINTS OF VIEW PERSONALIZATION

06 1 Dress Code People DO judge a book I can't stand it when...

by its cover. I felt out of place when...

I just can't believe that.

12 2 Video Games Gaming is such a waste I spend too much time....

of time. ...is a great way to relax.
...is what makes me feel better.

18 3 Advertising Advertising is everywhere. I'm not really interested in...

I'm sick of....
I don't like how...

24 4 International Testing athletes goes too I can't believe how...

Competitions far. Maybe there needs to be...

We use technology to...
Mobile Phones
30 5 I can't live without my I enjoy the fact that...
mobile phone. My phone is how I...
I think it's so rude when...
Manners and I'm worried I'll offend
36 6 I'm really nervous about...
Etiquette people. I'd feel terrible if...
I don't want to come across as...

42 7 Volunteering I've got more important I don't have time to...

things to do. I would really like to help...

It might be a good idea to...
48 8 Health and Nature Natural products aren't I get great satisfaction in knowing...
worth the extra cost. If consumers...
I can't stand the way...
54 9 Extreme Sports Extreme sports are too There's nothing like...
dangerous. I'd rather be... than just about anything else.

60 Free Education
10 What are the strings? I heard that...
What I want to see...
I hope that...
66 11 Multiple Schools should value I am struggling with...
Intelligences multiple intelligences. I am good at...
I may as well make the best of..
72 12 Gender Roles Men and women are not If I were.... I wouldn't...

equal. The fact is, men and women...

I think if..

78 13 Dating Online dating is not real. I'm not really fond of...
..is not my idea of a good time.
I hate to admit it, but...

84 14 Parenting Should parents be I can't imagine...

punished for the actions Parents are supposed to teach their children...
of their kids? I'm clueless about

90 15 Natural Disasters Why rebuild there? You can't possibly plan for...
It just seems wrong to...
If I knew.... I wouldn't...
96 Unit 11 Activity
97 Unit 13 Activity
98 Patterns & Collocations

108 Featured Movies

111 About the Authors

04 Communication Strategies 3
 DISCUSSION STRATEGIES SPEECHES

Expressing negative comments It's not my favorite. New dress code

diplomatically It's not the most flattering.
You may want to reconsider...
Paraphrasing What you're saying is...? Debate

Let me get this straight, you mean...?

Okay, so you think that...?
Making direct and indirect Could you...? Take a stand
requests Wouldn't it be nice if...?
Someone really should...
Complaining You shouldn't... Interview a famous athlete
It isn't fair.

I'm sick and tired of...

Showing that you are listening Uh huh Here's what I'd say
Sounds good
You're kidding
Making requests Would you mind ing...? A lesson

Could you possibly...?

Would you (please)...?
Offering to help Can I help you? Ask for support
Would you like any help ing?
Let me give youu a hand.
Interrupting Can I (just) say... Staying healthy
Right and you know that...
I'm sorry, but...
Asking not to be interrupted Could I please finish? My own extreme sport
Hold on (a second), let me finish.
Wait, I'm almost done.
Conceding but disagreeing You have a point, but... Presentations
You may be right, but...
That may be true, but.
Strongly disagreeing That just isn't so. You are the teacher

I think you have it wrong.

I see it differently.
Support your opinions What about the... Interview on unfair treatment
I know for a fact...
You can't deny that...
Saying no nicely Sorry, I have other plans. Talk show
Thanks for asking, but...
Thanks, but I'm not (really) fond of...
Giving advice Maybe you should consider ing... Story telling
You could (always)....
I'm told that... is good.
Giving bad news I regret to inform you that... Weather report
Unfortunately...
I'm (really) sorry, but...

Table of Contents 05
 UNIT

Dress Code
Does what you wear really matter that much? We asked a group of young people, and here is
an extract from their conversation:

TARA: I think it matters a lot. People judge us based on first appearance and how we dress is a big part of creating a good
first impression. When I see someone walking down the street, I notice what they are wearing. How people dress
says a lot about them.

KEN: That's partly because it's drilled into us from such an early age! When I was in high school, the teachers used to tell
us our uniform was a symbol of the school's values and that it created a sense of unity and collective pride. I didn't
really care about that, but on the flip side, I do think having a uniform helped me as I didn't have to worry about what
to wear when I was getting ready, half asleep in the morning.
EVA: When I was at school, I didn't have to wear a uniform, but my school was still super strict about what we wore. They
used the same 'collective pride' argument and said the dress code helped students focus on their classes rather
than how they look. They also said it would help prepare us for the future because whether we like it or not, dress
codes are everywhere.
TARA: I agree with that last point. I mean there are dress codes for most situations even if they aren't written, right? My
appearance at work is important. If I don't keep to my company's dress code, I could lose my job.

TOMAS: That's crazy. I don't think there should be dress codes. It tells us that society values conformity, it says, 'Be like
everyone else.'I like to express myself through my clothes and show some kind of individuality. How I dress is part
of my identity. A dress code stifles our freedom and our ability to develop a sense of self.

KEN: Yes, but it does matter what we wear. It's about knowing what the expectations are, whether you're in an office or
at wedding or a funeral. We think about what to wear and how we look when we're out with friends, right? It's
a

about knowing what's appropriate in a given situation casual, formal, whatever. I mean, would you trust a doctor
-

dressed in scruffy clothes and showing a lot of tattoos?

TOMAS: But who determines what's appropriate? I have a small tattoo on my arm. At a job interview last week, someone told
me I'd have to cover it up if I wanted a job in sales. My tattoo has nothing to do with my ability to sell cars.

EVA: Yes, but you didn't get thejob, did you, which may just prove the point. Our appearance, especially how we dress,
is taken as a sign of respect; respect for ourselves, for our school, or employer. Like it or not, people judge us by
how we dress and take care of our appearance.

KEN: I have to say, if I was interviewing two people for the same job and one of them came to the interview in jeans anp
a T-shirt and the other came in a suit, I know who I'd be more likely to hire.

06 Unit 1
VOCABULARY
Here are some words that will be useful in this unit. How many do
you know? Work with apartner to figure out the meaning of any
words that you don't know.

appearance dress code judge

appropriate expectations respect for
casual freedom scruffy
collective identity stifle

comply with inappropriate symbol

conformity individuality uniform

What other words and phrases do you know related to the topic?

VOCABULARY ACTIVITIES

A. Fill in the blanks with words from the list above. Remember
to use the correct word form.

1. Some people feel by strict dress codes.

They want more to wear whatever they choose.
2. Other people feel uniforms are of unity.
3. Like it or not, other people often judge you by your
4. It's to wear jeans and a T-shirt to most job interviews.
5. Dress codes are everywhere. There are about what is acceptable in a situation
such as at an office or at a party, for example.
B. Work with a partner. Make a list of adjectives you use to answer the
following questions. Quick Fact
Mexico In elementary
1. Think about different activities you do. What the expectations for
-

are
and middle school,
how you dress in those situations? students have to wear

2. What do you or people you know wear to express their individuality? uniforms, but not in
high school.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Think about different situations and what is appropriate to wear in each of them.
Fill in your ideas. Then work with a partner and compare your ideas.

AT SCHOOL

AT WORK A FAMILY DINNER

AT HOMЕ

DRESS CODE
A FIRST
OTHER
DATE

Dress Code 07
POINTS OF VIEW People DO judge a book by its cover.

PRE-LISTENING QUESTIONS
1. From the title, "People DO judge a book by its cover" what do you think the characters will
talk about?

2. What do the clothes we wear say about us?

SITUATION: Amy had a bad experience

at a shop recently.
Amy I needed to buy a gift last weekend so I went

shopping at that fancy new boutique. But no

one would help me. I'm sure it's because of
the way I was dressed; I had just come from
my yoga class and I was still in my gym
clothes.

Kim They probably thought you couldn't afford

anything in the store. Didn't you feel out of
place?

Amy Not at first, but I did start to feel really

uncomfortable when they ignored me. Still, I can't believe that they would judge me from what I
was wearing. I think that kind of discrimination based on first impressions is so silly.
Kim I know, but people size you up pretty quickly from what you wear. Once, my father invited me to
a party at his company. He said it was casual so I wore shorts and a T-shirt. When I got there,
everyone was wearing smart shirts and pants orskirts. My idea of casual and theirs were quite
different. I got a lot of stares and my father was embarrassed. I just wanted to leave. It made
me really self-conscious.

Amy I guess you're right, but...

Kim Speaking of first impressions, you're not going to wear your red dress tonight, are you?
Amy I was planning to. Why?

Kim Well, you may want to reconsider.

Amy Why? I really like that dress; it's my favorite.

Kim Yeah, well, it's okay for a nightclub, but maybe it's just a little too short and too tight for tonight's
party. There'll be a lot of important people there.

Amy I like it and I feel good in it. I'm wearing it.

Kim Have it your way, but I'm sure everyone else will be dressed more conservatively.
Quick Fact
Japan -The nurmber of
students, who like shool
uniforms is on the rie as
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
uniforms have becime

1. Why was Amy so upset? more fashionaibl.

2.What happened when she went to the party with her father?
3. Why does Kim think Amy's dress is unsuitable?

Work with a partner. Compare your answers.

08 Unit 1
PRACTICE AND DISCUSSION
PERSONALIZATION
Complete these sentences with your own ideas.
I can't stand it when...

I felt out of place when...

Ijust can't believe that...

People size you up pretty quickly from....

Now share your sentences with a classmate.

DISCUSSION STRATEGIES -

Expressing negative comments diplomatically

Listed below are ways negative feelings about what someone is wearing without
to express

hurting the other person's feelings. Can you think of other ways that you may have heard?

It's not my favorite. It's not the most flattering.

It's unique. It's different.
Quick Fact
What an interesting outfit. You will definitely stand out. China - Uniforms

You may want to reconsider... are usually supplied

by the school if
I don't think anyone else has the same one/one like it. required.

Discussion Strategy in Action

Listen to the conversations. Does the person like what he/she is shown? What discussion strategy
phrase does the speaker use?
Conversation The speaker The speaker says:

1. Tim likes/doesn't like his new shirt

Anne likes/doesn't like Tim's blue shirt

2. Jack likes/doesn't like Tom's new suit

3. Rita likes/doesn't like Carol's dress

4. Tim likes/doesn't like his

Jack likes/doesn't like

Discussion Practice
Some of the people where you work are dressed inappropriately for the following situations.
Convince them to conform to the company's dress code using the discussion strategies above.

1. They are meeting important customers today.

2. There is a staff party today. Staff can wear what they want as long as it still looks professional.
Visitors from another company will be there.
3. They are wearing clothes similar to the company uniform, but in different colors.
Dress Code 09
FURTHER ACTIVITIES
ROLE PLAY
Work with a partner. Look at the situations below. Decide your roles.
Create dialogs using the discussion strategies.

1. You and your partner are going to a formal party Brainstorming:

and you think his/her outfit is all wrong.
In what situations would you
2. You and your best friend are shopping for clothes discuss someone's clothing or
for job. Your friend shows you an outfit.
a new
appearance?

You think it's all wrong for an office job.

Is it ever better not to say
3. You receive an expensive, red leather jacket that anything?
you don't like from your friend.

ACTIVITY

Look at the following pictures. Decide what occasion the people are dressed for and why.
Discuss your choices with your classmates. Do you agree?

SPEECHES - New dress code

You work for a high tech company. The company has been discussing changing the dress code. Some
people feel a more casual dress code will help people feel more creative and think it will boost the
company's image. Other people disagree and are concerned about looking too casual, especially the
sales representatives.

Work with a partner. Come up with a dress code for the company.
Then present it to your classmates. Questions to consider:
Quick Fact
Kenya Uniforms are
• What are examples of appropriate and inappropriate "casual" dress?
-

required in government
• Should all employees have the same dress code? schools.

Should the dress code be the same every day?

Should there be any penalties for not complying with a dress code?

• Should the dress code include things such as hair style, tattoos etc?

10 Unit 1
CONSOLIDATION AND RECYCLING
BUILDING VOCABULARY

Look at the list of words below. Work with a partner. Complete the chart
with the appropriate forms of each word. Check, using your dictionary.
Some words may not have all forms.

appearance symbol unity

regulation conformity stifle

Do the same for other new vocabulary words found in this unit.

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE

individual, individuality, individualize individual

individualism

Write using each word form in the chart.

sentences

Work with a partner to compare your sentences.

Quick Fact
WRITING
Russia - Up until the early
1990s, all school children were
required to wear a similar

"Dress for uniform. Now, most schools do

"You are what you "Clothes make a
not have uniforms. Those that
wear" success" person" do, make them unique to the
individual school.

Consider the above expressions then write to explain whether you think
that what you wear is important, whether you think other people judge
you by what you wear, and whether it matters to you.

Support your ideas. Then work with a partner. Exchange texts and comment on each other's ideas.

REFLECTION
1. What purpose do dress codes play in society?
2. You have probably seen someone dressed inappropriately for a situation.
How did you feel and what did you do?
3. Describe an experience where you have felt uncomfortable/self-conscious because of the
way you were dressed.

Dress Code 11