Biochemistry Spotters
Aarushi Bhardwaj
1. Glass pipette
● to transport a measured
volume of liquid
● 2ml, 5ml, 10ml
● presume tip as 1ml
2. Funnel
● plastic
● used to transfer liquids into
containers that have narrow
mouth
● can also be used a filter, when
filter paper is used with it
3. Borosilicated test tube
● heat resistant
● 13ml
● used for performing experiments
4. Plastic rack
● to keep test tubes
5. Test tube holder
● wood and metal
● has lock and key
6. Borosilicated conical flask
● graduated
● heat resistant
● used for experiments
● put it in a stand
with a mesh and
spirit lamp below
7. Borosil glass beaker
● hold, mix and heat reagents
● 50ml, 100ml, 80ml, 200ml,
500ml, 1000ml, 2000ml
8. Glass measuring cylinder
● 25ml, 50ml, 100ml, 1000ml
● A graduated cylinder / cylinder
measuring / mixing cylinder is
used to measure the volume of
a liquids, chemicals or solutions
9. Paper chromatography
● substances are distributed
between a stationary phase and
a mobile phase. When a coloured
sample is placed on a filter
paper, the colours separate
from the sample by placing one
end of the paper in a solvent
10. Litmus paper
● test both for neutral
● red to blue ( basic)
● blue to red ( acidic)
11. Spatula
● steel
● used to take reagent and mix in
test tube
12. Urinometer
● works on principle of
buoyancy/ upward thrust
● used to measure specific
gravity of urine
● add 0. 001 to 16° ( move
every 3°)
● if temp. < ( every 3°) =
- 0. 001
● if temp. > ( every 3°) =
+ 0. 001
13. Glass cuvette
● take the absorbance/ optical
density ( OD) in colorimeter
● fix it on the mark
14. Plastic dropper
● to measure and transport small
amount of reagent or sample
● eg- benedict' s test
15. Glass bottle to store reagent
16. Albuminometer
● use overnight and see
sedimentation in morning
● borosilicated
● test tube with cork ( red)
17. pH meter
● principle - measures pH onthe
basis of concentration of H+
ions
● measure pH of fluids
● make solution of particular pH
● has AgCl in
electrode
18. Colorimeter
● principle- based on Beer-
Lambert' s Law ; when a
monochromatic light passes
through an absorbing medium
the absorbance is directly
proportional to the
concentration of the medium
and the path length
19. Vortex shaker
● to mix small amount of liquids
quickly in circular motion
20. Semi auto analyser
● samples and reagents are mixed
and read manually
● based on colorimetry principle
21. Water bath
● the temp. of water is
maintained at a constant level.
● boiling point of water - 100°C
● it is used to incubate samples
over a period of time at a
constant temp.
22. Glucose tolerance test curves
23. Plasma protein electrophoresis
●A - albumin
●B - alpha 1
●C - alpha 2
●D - Beta globulins
●E - Gamma globulins
● diagnosis - multiple myeloma
( cancer of plasma cells)
● tumor marker - bence jone' s
proteins
● abnormal band between beta
globulins and gamma globulins
Sulphur powder
( light yellow)
Benedicts reagent ( dark blue)
Picric acid
( dark yellow)
Biuret reagent ( light blue)
Thankyou
