The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Year Event
1707 Act of Union in the United Kingdom.
1797 Napoleon invaded Italy; Napoleonic wars begin.
1789 The French Revolution occurred.
1804 Napoleonic Code introduced.
1815 Fall of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna took place.
1821 Greek War of Independence.
1830 July Uprising of French.
1832 Treaty of Constantinople.
1834 The Zollverein, or customs union, was created by Prussia.
1848 Revolutions in Europe.
1859–1870 Unification of Germany.
1871 Kaiser William I proclaimed German Emperor.
1905 Slav nationalism gathers force in the Habsburg and Ottoman
Empires.
Nationalism in India
Year Event
1870s Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote Vande Mataram and created the
image of Bharat Mata.
1905 Painting of Bharat Mata developed by Abanindranath Tagore.
1914–1918 First World War.
1917 Gandhi took up the cause of indigo workers of Champaran.
1921 Gandhiji designed a tricolour Swaraj flag. Non-cooperation – Khilafat
Movement began. Chauri Chaura incident. Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the
Non-cooperation Movement.
1920 At Nagpur, Congress adopted the Non-cooperation programme. Oudh
Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru. Calcutta session
marked the beginning of the Non-cooperation Movement.
1919 Rowlatt Act passed. Formation of Khilafat Committee. Jallianwala Bagh
Massacre (13 April).
1918 Gandhi organised a Satyagraha in Ahmedabad for cotton mill workers.
1917 Gandhi organised a Satyagraha to support the peasants of Kheda, Gujarat.
1924 Alluri Sitaram Raju was captured and executed.
1859–1870 Unification of Italy.
1929 At Lahore, Congress demanded Purna Swaraj. A vague offer by Lord Irwin
of ‘dominion status’.
1930 The Salt March reached Dandi, Gandhi ji violated the salt law. Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar established depressed classes association.
1932 Poona Pact between Gandhiji and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Civil Disobedience
Re-launched
The Making of a Global World
Year Event
15th Century CE Existence of Silk Route.
1870 Live animals were transported from America to Europe until
the 1870s.
1880 In late 1880s, rinderpest arrived in Africa.
1885 Carving up of Africa by big European powers in Berlin.
1921 Abolition of migration of indentured labour.
1920s Mass production became a characteristic feature of the US
economy.
1914–1918 The First World War began.
1890s Fast spread of cattle plague or rinderpest in Africa.
1929 By 1929, the world would be plunged into a depression such
as it had never experienced before.
1929 to mid-1932 The Great Depression began.
1935 Modest economic recovery underway in most industrial
countries.
1939–1944 Second World War.
The Age of Industrialisation
Year Event
1730s The earliest factories in England were set up.
1764 Spinning Jenny devised by James Hargreaves.
1781 James Watt improved and patented the steam engine
produced by Newcomen.
1840s Expansion of railways in England.
1860s Elgin mill (woollen) was started in Kanpur.
1862 Another jute mill came up in Bengal.
1855 First jute mill established in Bengal.
1854 Establishment of the first cotton mill in Bombay.
1874 First spinning and weaving mill of Madras began its
production.
1900 Dawn of the century was written.
1917 Seth Hukumchand set up the first Indian jute mill in
Calcutta.
1912 J. N. Tata set up the first iron and steel works in India at
Jamshedpur.
Print Culture and the Modern World
Year Event
AD 768–770 Hand-printing technology was introduced into Japan from China
by the Buddhist missionaries.
AD 868 The oldest Japanese book, The Diamond Sutra, was printed.
1295 Marco Polo returned to Italy.
1517 Martin Luther wrote 95 theses criticizing many of the practices and
rituals of the Roman Catholic churches.
1579 First Tamil book was written in Cochin.
1835 Governor–General Bentinck revised press laws because of petitions
by editors of English and vernacular newspapers.
1822 Two Persian newspapers were published, ‘Jam-i-Jahan Nama’ and
‘Shamsul Akbar’. Gujarati newspaper, Bombay Samachar was
published.
1821 Sambad Kaumudi began to be published by Ram Mohan Roy.
1810 The Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas came out from Calcutta.
1780 James Augustus Hickey began to edit the Bengal Gazette, a weekly
magazine.
1713 The first Malayalam book was printed.
1710 Dutch Protestant Missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts.
1867 The Deoband Seminary was founded. It published thousands of
‘fatwas’.
1871 Gulamgiri was published.
1876 Rashsundari Debi wrote her autobiography Amar Jiban in Bengali.
1877 The ‘Statesman’ newspaper was founded.
1878 The Vernacular Press Act.
1880s The Naval Kishore Press at Lucknow and the Shri Venkateshwar
Press in Bombay published numerous religious texts in
vernaculars.
1907 Punjab revolutionaries were deported, Bal Gangadhar Tilak wrote
with great sympathy about them in his ‘Kesari’.
