MATHEMATICS
(LEVEL 2)
BENJ GABBIEL M. SANTIAGO
LEANA MARIE E. SANTOS
Shape Formula for Variables
Area
Triangle ½×b×h h = height of triangle
b = base on which height is
measured.
Triangle (whose length of sides are √[s(s – a)(s – b) a, b, c are the length of the
known) (s – c)] sides of the triangle.
Heron’s s is the semi-perimeter of the
Formula triangle.
where s = (a +
b + c)/2
Equilateral Triangle (√ 3/4 ) a2 a is the length of the sides.
Isosceles Triangle ¼ b√(4a2 – b2) a is the length of equal sides.
b is the length of the unequal
side.
Right Isosceles Triangle a2/2 a is the length of equal sides.
½ bc sin A
Triangle (length of two sides and a, b, and c are the lengths of
½ ab sin C
angle between them is given) the sides.
½ ca sin B
A, B, and C are measures of
angles of the triangle.
Question 1: Find the area of a triangle whose altitude and base are 12 cm
and 7 cm, respectively.
Solution:
Base of triangle = 7 cm
Height of triangle = 12 cm
Area of triangle = ½ × base × height
= ½ × 7 × 12 = 42 cm2.
Question 2: Find the area of the triangle whose height is 34 cm and the
base is 1/4th the length of the height.
Solution:
Height of the triangle = 34 cm
Base of the triangle = 34 × ¼ = 8.5 cm
Area of the triangle = ½ × 34 × 8.5 = 144.5 cm2.
Question 3: Find the height of the triangle whose base is two-thirds of its
height and area is 225 cm2.
Solution:
Let x be the height of the triangle, and then 2x/3 will be the base of the triangle.
Area of triangle = 225 cm2
⇒ ½ × x × 2x/3 = 225
⇒ x2 = 225 × 3
⇒ x = √(225 × 3)
⇒ x = 15√3 cm.
Question 4: Find the area of a triangle whose length of each side is 3
inches, 5 inches and 4 inches.
Solution:
We shall use Heron’s formula to find the area of the triangle.
Let a = 3 inches, b = 5 inches, c = 4 inches
The semi perimeter of a triangle, s = (a + b + c)/2 = (3 + 4 + 5)/2 = 12/2 = 6
inches.
Area of triangle = √[s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)]
= √[6 × (6 – 3) × (6 – 4) × (6 – 5)]
= √[6 × 3 × 2 × 1]
= √36 = 6 sq. inches.
Question 5: A right triangle is inscribed inside a circle of radius 5 cm such
that one the perpendicular sides of the triangle is the diameter of the circle
and the other perpendicular side is 2/5th the radius of the circle. Find the
area of the triangle.
Solution:
Radius of circle = 5 cm
Diameter of the triangle = 10 cm
Length of one perpendicular side of triangle = 10 cm
Length of the other perpendicular side = ⅖ × 5 = 2 cm
Area of the triangle = ½ × 10 × 2 = 10 cm2.
Question 6: Find the area of the triangle whose perimeter is 170 cm and
sides are in ratio 1:2:3.
Solution:
Let the length of the sides of triangle be x, 2x and 3x.
Perimeter of triangle = 150 cm
⇒ x + 2x + 3x = 150
⇒ 6x = 150
⇒ x = 25 cm
Then the sides of the triangle are 25 cm, 50 cm and 75 cm.
Let a = 25 cm, b = 50 cm, c = 75 cm and s = 150/2 = 75 cm
Area of triangle = √[s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)] = √[75 × 50 × 25 × 0] = 0
Since the area is 0, therefore points on the plane are linear.
Question 7: Find the area of triangle whose length of two sides are 5 cm
and 7 cm and angle between them is 30o.
Solution:
Length of sides of triangle are 5 cm and 7 cm.
Angle between the sides = 30o
Area of triangle = ½ × 5 × 7 × sin 30o
= ½ × 35 × ½ = 8.75 cm2
Question 8: Find the sides of an equilateral triangle whose area is 9√3 cm 2.
Solution:
Let ‘a’ be the side of the equilateral triangle.
Area of an equilateral triangle = 9√3 cm2
⇒ (√3/4) a2 = 9√3
⇒ a2 = (9√3 × 4)/√3
⇒ a2 = 36
⇒ a = 6 cm.
Question 9: A triangle is inscribed within a circle of diameter 17 cm. If one
of the sides of the triangle is the diameter of the circle and another side is
15 cm, find the area of the triangle.
Solution:
According to the question, the triangle is made within the semi-circular part of the
circle. We know that the angle of a semi-circle is always 90o.
Hence the given triangle is a right-angled triangle whose hypotenuse is 17 cm,
and one of the perpendicular sides is 15 cm. Let the length of the other
perpendicular side be x, then by Pythagoras theorem,
x = √(172 – 152) = √(289 – 225) = √64 = 8 cm.
Area of triangle = ½ × 8 × 15 = 60 cm2.
Area of Similar Triangles:
If two triangles are similar, then the ratio of their areas is proportional to the
square of ratios of their corresponding sides.
If △ABC is similar to △DEF, then
AreaofΔABCAreaofΔDEF=(ABDE)2=(BCEF)2=(CAFD)2
Question 10: If △ABC ~ △PQR such that area of △ABC is 256 cm2, area of
△PQR is 169 cm2 and BC = 32 cm, find the length of QR.
Solution:
We know that if two triangles are similar, then the ratio of their areas is
proportional to the square of ratios of their corresponding sides.
AreaofΔABCAreaofΔPQR=(BCQR)2
⇒256169=322QR2
⇒1613=32QR
⇒QR=32×1316=26cm
Therefore, QR = 26 cm.
Question 11: If △ABC ~ △MNO such that Area of △ABC = 3△MNO and AB
= 9 cm, find the length of MN.
Solution:
We know that if two triangles are similar, then the ratio of their areas is
proportional to the square of ratios of their corresponding sides.
AreaofΔABCAreaofΔMNO=(ABMN)2
Now,
AreaofΔABCAreaofΔMNO=3
⇒3=AB2MN2
⇒3=ABMN=9MN
⇒MN=93=33
∴ MN = 3√3 cm.
Example 1:
Evaluate 23×59
Solution: Product of rational numbers= (Product of numerators)/(Product of
denominators)
(2/3) x (5/9) = (2×5)/(3×9) = 10/27
Example 2:
Evaluate 314×3
Solution: To find the product convert the mixed fraction into an improper
fraction and then multiply.
314=(3×4)+14
=134
Now multiplying the terms, we have:
134×3=13×34=394
Example 3: Find 5/6 of 12
Solution: 5/6 of 12 means,
56×12=5×126=10When
a fraction is multiplied by another
fraction then the resultant is____
When a fraction is multiplied by another fraction then the resultant is a fraction.
Q2
What is the value of ½ × 7/3?
½ × 7/3 = (1×7)/(2×3) = 7/6
Q3
What is the value of 8/5 × 12/5?
8/5 × 12/5 = (8×12)/(5×5) = 96/25.
Q4
What is the value of 2 × 1/8?
2 × ⅛ = (2×1)/8 = 2/8 = 1/4.
Q5
What will be the value of 8 × 2/9?
8 × 2/9 = (8×2)/9 = 16/9
