GROUP 5

Members:
Perez, Kirby Jane
Peggy, Lovely Joy
Pantallano, Amancio
Peñanueva, Cris Jade
Pacunla, Levilyn
Pangaral, Lelian

Modern and Contemporary

Art
What is Modern Art?

•Period that began in the 1880's and lasted until 1960's.

•Focused on surrealism rather than depicted life as perceived by the church or influential in society.

•Denotes the styles and philosophy of the art produced during that era.

•The devotion of artist to a strict narrative was often illustrated in their figurative works.

•Artist were committed to developing a language of their own original but representative.

•It tends to find the pure idea of art.

"Movement" means a group of people dedicated to a certain style of painting or creating

art.

SEVERAL MOVEMENTS THAT WERE CAUGHT IN

BETWEEN THE SUCCESSION OF MODERN ART

Impressionism (c.1870-1890)

•lmpressionism is the name given to a colorful style of painting

in France at the end of the 19th century. The Impressionists
searched for a more exact analysis of the effects of color and
light in nature. They sought to capture the atmosphere of a
particular time of day or the effects of different weather
conditions. They often worked outdoors and applied their paint
in small brightly colored strokes which meant sacrificing much
of the outline and detail of their subject.

Among the most important impressionist painters were Claude

Monet, Pierre Auguste RenoirEdgar Degas, Camille Pissarro,
Alfred Sisley and Henri de Toulouse Lautrec..

CLAUDE MONET (1840-1926)

Rouen Cathedral in Full Sunlight',
1893-94 (oil on canvas)
Post Impressionism (c.1885-1905)

•Post Impressionism was not a particular style of painting. It

was the collective title given to the works of a few independent
artists at the end of the 19th century. The Post Impressionists
rebelled against the limitations of Impressionism to develop a
range of personal styles that influenced the development of
art in the 20th century.

The major artists associated with Post Impressionism were

Paul CézannePaul GauguinVincent Van Gogh and Georges
Seurat.

VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853-90)

'Café Terrace at Night, 1888 (oil
on canvas)

Fauvism (1905-1910)

•Fauvism was a joyful style of painting that delighted in using

outrageously bold colors. It was developed in France at the
beginning of 20th century by Henri Matisse and André Derain.
The artists who painted in this style were known as 'Les
Fauves' (the wild beasts).

Fauves' believed that color should be used its highest pitch to

express the artist's feelings about a subjectrather than simply
to describe what it looks like.

HENRI MATISSE (1869-1954)

'The Open Window, Collioure',
1905 (oil on canvas)

Cubism (1905-1910)

•Cubism was invented around 1907 in Paris by Pablo Picasso

and Georges Braque. It was the first abstract style of modern
art. Cubist paintings ignore the traditions of perspective
drawing and show you many views of a subject at one time.
The Cubists believed that the traditions of Western art had
become exhausted and to revitalize their work, they drew on
the expressive energy of art from other cultures, particularly
African art.

Other notable artists associated with Cubism were Juan Gris,

Fernand LegerRobert Delaunay, Albert GleizesJean
Metzinger, Louis Marcoussis and Marie Laurencin.

PABLO PICASSO (1881-1973)

'Ambroise Vollard', 1915 (oil on
canvas)
 Abstract Art (c. 1907 onwards)

•Abstract Art is a generic term that describes two different

methods of abstraction: semi abstraction' and 'pure
abstraction. The word 'abstractmeans to withdraw part of
something in order to consider it separately. In Abstract art
that something' is one or more of the visual elements of a
subject its line, shape, tone, patterntexture, or form.

Notable artists of abstract arts are George Braque, Robert

Delaunay, Sonia Delaunay, Léopold Survage.

GEORGES BRAQUE (1882-1963

'Violin and Pitcher, 1910 (oil on
canvas)

Futurism (1909-1914)
•Futurism was a revolutionary Italian movement that
celebrated modernity. The Futurist vision was outlined in a
series of manifestos that attacked the long tradition of Italian
art in favour of a new avant-garde. They glorified
industrialization, technology, and transport along with the
speed, noise and energy of urban life.

Futurism was founded in 1909 by the poet Filippo Tommas

Marinetti and embraced the arts in their widest sense. The
main figures associated with the movement were the
artistsUmberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, Gino Severini, the
musician Luigi Russolo and the architect Antonio Sant'Elia..
GIACOMO BALLA (1871-1959)
'The Rhythm of the Violinist'1912
(oil on canvas)

Dada (c. 1916-1922)

•Dada or Dadaism was a form of artistic anarchy bom out of

disgust for the social, political and cultural establishment of
the time which it held responsible for Europe's descent into
World War

Dadaism was an anti art stance as it was intent on destroying

the artistic values of the pastThe aim of Dada was to create a
climate in which art was alive to the moment and not
paralysed by the corrupted traditions of the established order..

Max Ernst, Marcel DuchampRaoul HausmannJean Arp and

Kurt Schwitters were among the best of the Dada artists.

RAOUL HAUSMANN (1886-

1971)
'Tatlin at Home', 1920 (collage)
Surrealism (c.1924-1939)
•Surrealism was the positive response to Dada's negativity.
The aim of Surrealism, as outlined in the First Surrealist
Manifesto of 1924was to liberate the artist's imagination by
tapping into the unconscious mind to discover a
'superiorreality - a 'sur-reality'. To achieve this the Surrealists
drew upon the Images of dreams, the effects of combining
disassociated images, and the technique of 'pure psychic
automatism', a spontaneous form of drawing without the
conscious control of the mind.

The movement broke up at the outbreak of war in 1939 when

several of the Surrealists left Europe for New York where they
had a formative influence on the development of Abstract
Expressionism.

The most influential of the Surrealist artists were Max Ernst,

RENÉ MAGRITTE (1898-1967) Joan Miró, Salvador Dali and René Magritte.
'Time Transfixed', 1938 (oil on
canvas)

Pop Art (1954-1970)

•Pop Art (1954-1970) - Pop Art was the art movement that
characterized a sense of optimism during the post war
consumer boom of the 1950's and 60's, It coincided with the
globalization of pop music and youth culture, personified by
Elvis and The Beatles.

Pop Art was brash, colorful, young, fun and hostile to the
artistic establishment. It included different styles of painting
and sculpture from various countries, but what they all had in
common was an interest in popular culture.

ANDY WARHOL (1928-1987)

'Campbell's Soup 1
(Tomato)'1968 (silkscreen on
canvas

Op Art (c.1962-1970)

•Op Art is short for 'optical artIt was an abstract style that
emerged in the 1960's based on the illusionistic effects of line,
shape, pattern and color.

Op Artists such as Victor Vasarely, Bridget Riley and Richard

Anuszkiewicz play with the perception of the viewer by
subverting the picture plane with ambiguous shapes, shifting
tones and dynamic color relationships.

BRIDGET RILEY (b.1931)

'Blaze'1962 (emulsion on
hardboard)
Minimalism (1960-1975)

•Minimalism was an attempt to discover the essence of art by

reducing the elements of a work to the basic considerations of
shape, surface and materials.

Minimalist art used hard-edged forms and geometric grid

structures. Color was simply used to define space or surface.

Frank Stella, Don Judd, Robert Morris, John McCracken and

Sol LeWitt were important contributors to Minimalism.

FRANK STELLA (b.1936)

'Brzozdowce I', 1973 (relief
assemblage)

What is Contemporary Art?

•Can be said to be the art that was developed after the 1960s and is still emerging.
•Driven by ideas and theorieswhat is and can be considered as art with the involvement of T.V.
photography, cinema, etc.
•Has some social impact. Moreover, contemporary artists had significant freedom and liberty to
experiment with all styles.
•We can find it in some modern decoration and interior design Architecture.
•Also called Postmodernist Art

SEVERAL MOVEMENTS YHAT WERE CAUGHT IN

BETWEEN THE SUCCESSION OF
CONTEMPORARY ART

Word Art/Word Painting (1960s onwards)

•Word Art was a brand new form of painting or sculpture

which used text-based imagery. It was associated with artists
like Robert Indiana (b.1928), Jasper Johns (b.1930)On
Kawara (1932-2014), Barbara Kruger (b.1945) and
Christopher Wool (b.1955).

Robert Indiana, LOVE1967,

Screenprint
Conceptualism (1960s onwards)
•Conceptual art is a postmodernist art movement founded on
the principle that art is a 'concept' rather than a material
[Link] art has the ability to deliver ideas quite
powerfully; hence it has served as a popular vehicle for socio-
political comment.
- An illustration of this issue is the large collection of shoes in
the Holocaust Museum in Washington, DC, which belonged to
Nazi concentration camp victims. It has been suggested that
this has the characteristics of a Conceptual artwork, because
walking past the huge pile of shoes helps us to comprehend
the terrifying reality of the gas chambers. Indeed it does, but
frankly it doesn't turn the shoes into a work of art, or indeed
any type of artistic statement. It is a political or historical
statement.
Jenny Holzer, untitled, projection.
Important exponents of Conceptualism include Sol LeWitt,
Joseph Beuys, Felix Gonzales-Torres, Eva Hesse, Jenny
Holzer, Joseph Kosuth, Barbara Kruger, Jean Tinguely and
Lawrence Weiner.

Performance (1960s onwards)

•Performance is generally supposed to be characterized by its
"live" nature the fact that the artist communicates directly with
the audience and its impact, whether amusing or
shockingmust be memorable. Performance now includes
events and "happenings by visual artists, poets, musicians,
film makers, video artists and so on.

In 2010 at MoMA, Abramovic engaged in an extended

performance called, The Artist is Present. The work was
inspired by her belief that stretching the length of a
performance beyond expectations serves to alter our
perception of time and foster a deeper engagement in the
experienceSeated silently at a wooden table across from an
Marina Abramović. The Artist is
empty chair, she waited as people took turns sitting in the
Present. 2009
chair and locking eyes with her. Over the course of nearly
three months, for eight hours a day, she met the gaze of
1,000 strangers, many of whom were moved to tears.
Installation (1960s onwards)
•Installation art is a new art form which came to attention in
the USA during the 1960s, although the idea dates back to the
Surrealist exhibitions created by Marcel Duchamp and others,
when works of art were arranged to form a complex and
compelling environment.

Large-scale, installation art makes use of a host of objects,

materials, conditions, and even light and aura components.
An installation typically occupies an entire space, like a room
or larger areaand consists o several different components.

Some well known installation artists are Allan Kaprow, Yayoi

Kusama, and Dale Chihuly.
Exhibition view, Yayoi Kusama,
Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery (11 April-4
May 2002)
Photo-Realist Art (Hyperrealism) (1960s, 1970s)

•Photorealism was a style of painting that appeared in the late

1960s, in which subjects (people or urban scenes) are painted
in a highly detailed manner, resembling photographs.
Drawings and paintings are so immaculate in their precision
that starts to look like it is photo without a direct reference to
the artist who created it.

Painstaking attention to detail is aimed, without asserting the

artist personal style. The real focus is on the precision and
detail achieved by the artist, and its impact on the viewer.

Chuck Close, Big Self-Portrait,

acrylic on canvas

Earthworks (Land or Environmental Art) (1960s, 1970s) -

Land artwhich emerged largely in the United States during the

1960s, uses or interacts with the landscape in order to create
artistic shapes or "events." Considered as a kind or spin-off of
installation

It is kind of human intervention into a specific landscape or

terrainIt typically re-fashions natural forms or enhances them
with man-made materials.

It is different from environmental art in a sense that it does not

focus on the subject but rather on landscape manipulation and
the materials used taken directly from the ground or
vegetation..
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty,
1970

Arte Povera (1966-71)

Arte Povera was an anti-commercial style of art that was

concerned mainly witl the physical qualities of the materials
used. The latter typically consists of ordinary or otherwise
worthless things, such as scraps of newspapers, old clothes,
earth, metal fragments and so on, although in practice quite
elaborate and expensive materials are sometimes used.

Arte Povera was initiated by a group of avant-garde artists in

Mario Merz, Igloo di Giap (Giap's Italy, whose members included: Piero Manzoni (1933-63),
Igloo), 1968, metal structure, wire Mario Merz (1925-2003), Michelangelo Pistoletto (b.1933) and
meshbags of clay soil, neon, batteries, others.
accumulators
 Contemporary Realism

Contemporary Realism encompasses all post-1970 painters

and sculptors who focus on representational art, where the
object is to portray the "real" rather than the ideal.

Contemporary Realists deliberately rejected abstract. art,

choosing instead to depict down-to-earth subjects in a
straightforward naturalistic manner

It is an American style of painting which emerged in the late

1960s and early 1970sin the works of a variety of artistssuch
as Philip PearlsteinNeil Wellilver and William Bailey.

Doug Webb, "Rise of the Nasty

Women" 2018acrylic on linen

Street Art 1980

Artworks created are not traditional in format but are informed

by the illustrative, painterly and print techniques and even a
variety of media.

Most commanly found in the public sphere, various people

who have access to them have formed the impression and
perception of the artworks themselves.

Shepard Fairey, Obey, Berlin This art is unsanctioned and do not enjoy the invigilated
environments of museums and galleries.

Deconstructivist Design (1985-2010)

Deconstructivism is an "anti-geometric" form of 20th century

architecture that first appeared in the late 1980s, in California
and Europe. Greatly facilitated by computer software
developed by the aerospace industrydeconstructivist
architecture espouses a non-rectilinear approach to design
which often distorts the exterior of a structure.

Deconstructivism was pioneered by the Canadian-American

Frank O. Gehry (b.1929), one of the most innovative
American architects of the postmodern era.

Vlado Milunić and Frank Gehry,

Nationale Nederlanden Building
(Prague), 1996
 Body Art (1990s)

During the late 1960s a type of performance art appeared

called Body artin which the artist's own body became the
"canvas", so to speak, for a passive work of art, or which then
"performs" in a shocking way. The most typical forms of
passive body art are body painting, tattoos, nail art, piercings,
face painting, brandings or implants.

A leading body painter is the New Zealander Joanne Gair (b.

1958). Celebrated for her trompe-l'oeil body painting and
make-up artistry, she is best known for one of her artistic
female nudesentitled "Demi Moore's Birthday Suit" which
appeared on the front cover of Vanity Fair magazine in August
1992.
2005 Joanne Gair/PQ Blackewell

Projection Art (21st Century)

Also known as Projection mapping, or video mapping, or
spatial augmented reality is the height of postmodernist
artistry. Using computerized projection technology it needs
only a surface (like a building, church facadetree, and so on)
upon which to project the finished product. Any imagery can
be mapped onto the receiving surface and the effects can be
spectacular it can literally transform an outside or indoor
space, while at the same time telling a story and creating an
optical feast.

Famous projection artists include Paolo Buroni, Clement

Alex & Paolo BuroniAsisi, Briend, Ross AshtonJennifer Steinkamp, Andy McKeown and
projection. Felice Varini, to name but a few.

Computer Art (21st Century)

Computer art typically refers to any form of graphic art or

digital imagery which is produced with the aid of a computeror
any types of art in which the role of the computer is
emphasized.

Pioneers of this type of art include Harold Cohen, Ronald

Davis, George Grie, Jean-Pierre Hebert, Bela Julesz, Olga
Kisseleva, John Lansdown, Maughan Mason, Manfred Mohr
and Joseph Nechvatal.

Milton Glaser Poster for musician Bob

Dylan, 1967, via [Link]