DATA FILE HANDLING

A file in itself is a bunch of bytes stored on some storage device like hard disk, thumb drive etc.

TYPES OF FILE

TEXT FILE

1) A text file stores information in ASCII or unicode characters

2) each line of text is terminated, (delimited) with a special character known as EOL

BINARY FILES

1) A binary file is just a file that contains information in the same format in which the information
is held in memory i.e the file content that is returened to you is raw.
2) There is no delimiter for a line
3) No translation occurs in binary file
4) Binary files are faster and easier for a program to read and write than are text files.
5) Binary files are the best way to store program information.
CSV FILES

1) CSV is a simple file format used to store tabular data, such as a spreadsheet or database.
2) CSV stands for "comma-separated values“.
3) A comma-separated values file is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values.
4) Each line of the file is a data record. Each record consists of one or more fields, separated by
commas. The use of the comma as a field separator is the source of the name for this file format

Steps to process a FILE

OPEN THE FILE------> PROCESSING THE FILE------>CLOSE THE FILE

OPENING FILES

Using open Function

open() function is used to open a file

Syntax:
file variable/file handle=open(file_name,access mode)
Examples
Programming example description
F= open('abc.txt,'w') this statement opens abc.txt in write mode.file abc.txt will
exist in same folder as python file

39
 F= open('D:\\Computer\\abc.txt’) change the location of file then we have to mention complete
file path with file name . don t forget to mention double slash
in file path
F= open(r'D:\Computer\abc.txt,'w') if you don’t want to use // then use r in front of file
Note : if file mode is not mentioned in open function then default file mode i.e 'r' is used
2)Use of With Clause
Syntax:
with open(“file name”,access mode) as file object
example with open(“book.txt”,’r’) as f

NOTE: no need to close the file explicitly if we are using with clause
CLOSING FILES
close() : the close() method of a file object flushes any unwritten information and close the file object
after which no more writing can be done.
SYNTAX: fileobject.close()

FILE MODE
It defines how the file will be accessed

Text File Binary Description Notes

Mode File
Mode
‘r’ ‘rb’ Read only File must exist already ,otherwise python raises I/O
error
‘w’ ‘wb’ Write only *If the file does not exist ,file is created.
*If the file exists, python will truncate existing data and
overwrite in tne file. So this mode must be used with
caution.
‘a’ ‘ab’ append *File is in write only mode.
*if the file exists, the data in the file is retained and new
data being written will be appended to the end.
*if the file does not exist ,python will create a new file.
‘r+’ ‘r+b’ or Read and *File must exist otherwise error is raised.
‘rb+’ write *Both reading and writing operations can take place.
‘w+’ ‘w+b’ Write and *File is created if doesn’t exist.
or read *If the file exists, file is truncated(past data is lost).
‘wb+’ *Both reading and writing operations can take place.
‘a+’ ‘a+b’ Write and *File is created if does not exist.
or read *If file exists, files existing data is retained ; new data
‘ab+’ is appended.
*Both reading and writing operations can take place.
TEXT FILE HANDLING
Methods to read data from files
S.N Method Syntax Description
O.
1 Read() <filehandle>.read( [n] ) Reads at most n bytes
If no n is specified, reads the entire file.

40
 Returns the read bytes in the form of a string
In [11]:file 1=open(“E:\\mydata\\info.txt”)
In [12]:readInfo=file1.read(15)
In [13]:print(readInfo)#prints firt 15 #characters of
file
In [14]:type(readInfo)
Out[14]:str
2 Readline( ) <filehandle>.readline([n]) Reads a line of input ;if in is specified reads at most
n bytes.
Returns the read bytes in the form string ending
with in(line)character or returns a blank string if
no more bytes are left for reading in the file.
In [20]:file1 = open(“E:\\mydata\\info.txt”)
In [20]: readInfo =file1.readline()
In [22]:print (readInfo)
3 readlines() <filehandle>.readlines() Read all lines and returns them in a list
In [23]:file1 =open(“E:\\mydata\\info text”)
In [24]:readInfo =file1.readlines()
In [25]:print (readInfo)
In [26]:type (readInfo)
Out[26]:list
Writing data into files

S. NO Name Syntax Description

1 Write() <filehandle>.write(str1) Write string str1 to file referenced
by<filehandle>
2 Writelines() <filehandle>.writelines (L) Writes all strings in list L as lines to file
referenced by <filehandle>

RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE PATH

1) the os module provides functions for working with files and directories ('os' stands for operating
system). os.getcwd returns the name of the current directory
import os

cwd=os.getcwd()

print(cwd)#cwd is current working directory

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 2) A string like cwd that identifies a file is called path. A relative path starts from the current
directory whereas an absolute path starts from the topmost directory in file system.

examples

f=open(‘test.txt’,r) \\test.txt is the relative path

f=open’(E:\project\myfolder\data.txt’,r) E:\project\myfolder\data.txt is absolute path

SETTING OFFSETS IN A FILE:

To access the data in random fashion then we use seek () and tell () Method.

tell (): It returns an integer that specifies the current position of the file object in the file.
fileobject.tell()

seek(): It is used to position the file object at a particular position in a file. fileobject.seek(offset [,
reference point]) where offset is the number of bytes by which the file object is to be moved and
reference point indicating the starting position of the file object. Values of reference point as 0-
beginning of the file, 1- current position of the file, 2- end of file.

QUESTIONS
(1 mark questions)
Q1 what is the difference between 'w' and 'a' modes?
Q2 BINARY file is unreadable and open and close through a function only so what are the
advantages of using binary file
Q3 Which of the following functions changes the position of file pointer and returns its new
position?
A. a.)flush()
B. b. tell()
C. c. seek()
D. d. offset()
Q4 which of the following function returns a list datatype

A. d=f.read()
B. d=f.read(10)
C. d=f.readline()
D. d=f.readlines()
Q5 how many file objects would you need to manage the following situations :
(a) to process four files sequentially
(b) To process two sorted files into third file
Q6 The correct syntax of seek() is:

42
 A. file_object.seek(offset [, reference_point])
B. seek(offset [, reference_point])
C. seek(offset, file_object)
D. seek.file_object(offset)
Q7 What will be the output of the following statement in python? (fh is a file handle)
fh.seek(-30,2)

Options:- It will place the file pointer:-

A. at 30th byte ahead of current current file pointer position
B. at 30 bytes behind from end-of file
C. at 30th byte from the beginning of the file
D. at 5 bytes behind from end-of file .
Q8 Which Python function is used to open a text file for reading?

A. open("file.txt", "w")
B. open("file.txt", "r")
C. read("file.txt")
D. write("file.txt")
Q 9 text file student.txt is stored in the storage device. Identify the correct option out of the
following options to open the file in read mode.
i. myfile = open('student.txt','rb')
ii. myfile = open('student.txt','w')
iii. myfile = open('student.txt','r')
iv. myfile = open('student.txt')
A. a. only i
B. b. both i and iv
C. c. both iii and iv
D. d. both i and iii
Q 10 Raman wants to open the file abc.txt for writing the content stored in a folder name sample
of his computer d drive help raman to tell the correct code for opening the file
A. myfile=open(“d:\\sample.txt\\abc”,’w’)
B. myfile=open(“d:\\sample\\abc.txt”,’w’)
C. myfile=open(“d:\\sample\abc.txt”,’w’)
D. all of the above
(2 mark questions)
Q1 write a single loop to display all the contents of a text file file1.txt after removing leading and
trailing WHITESPACES
Q2 what is the output of the following code fragment? explain
out=open('output.txt','w')
out.write('hello,world!\n')
out.write('how are you')
out.close()
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 open('output.txt').read()
Q3 read the code given below and answer the questions
f1=open('main.txt','w')
f1.write('bye')
f1.close()
if the file contains 'GOOD' before execution, what will be the content of the file after execution of
the code
Q4 observe the following code and answer the follow
f1=open("mydata","a")
______#blank1
f1.close()
(i)what type of file is mydata
(ii) Fill in the blank1 with statement to write "abc" in the file "mydata"
Q5 A given text file data.txt contains :
Line1\n
\n
line3
Line 4
\n
line6
Q6.What would be the output of following code?
f1=open('data.txt')
L=f1.readlines()
print(L[0])
print(L[2])
print(L[5])
print(L[1])
print(L[4])
print(L[3])
Q6 In which of the following file modes the existing data of the file will not be lost?
i) rb
ii) w
iii) a+b
iv) wb+
v)r+
vi)ab
vii) w+b
viii)wb

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 ix)w+
Q7 what would be the data types of variables data in following statements?
i) Data=f.read( )
ii) Data=f.read(10)
iii) Data=f.readline()
iv)Data=f.readlines()

Q8 Suppose a file name test1.txt store alphabets in it then what is the output of the following code

f1=open("test1.txt")
size=len(f1.read())
print(f1.read(5))
(3 marks questions)
Q 1 Write a user defined function in python that displays the number of lines starting with 'H' in
the file para.txt
Q2 write a function countmy() in python to read the text file "DATA.TXT" and count the number of
times "my" occurs in the file. For example if the file DATA.TXT contains-"This is my website. I
have diaplayed my preference in the CHOICE section ".-the countmy() function should display
the output as:"my occurs 2 times".
Q3 write a method in python to read lines from a text file DIARY.TXT and display those lines which
start with the alphabets P.
Q4 write a method in python to read lines from a text file MYNOTES.TXT and display those lines
which start with alphabets 'K'
Q5 write a program to display all the records in a file along with line/record number.
Q6 write a program that copies a text file "source.txt" onto "target.txt" barring the lines starting
with @ sign.
Answers
(1 mark questions)
Ans 1 w mode opens a file for writing only. it overwrites if file already exist but 'a mode appends
the existing file from end. It does not overwrites the file
Ans 2 binary file are easier and faster than text file.binary files are also used to store binary data
such as images, video files, audio files.
Ans3 c) seek()
Ans4 d) f.readlines()
Ans 5 a)4 b)3
Ans 6 a)
Ans 7 b)
Ans 8 b)
Ans 9 C)
Ans 10 b)
(2 marks questions)

Ans 1 for line in open(“file1.txt”):

print(line.strip())

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Ans 2 The output will be

Hello,world!

How are you?

The first line of code is opening the file in write mode,the next two line writes text t file .the last
line opens the file and from that reference reads the file content.file() performs the same functions
as open().Thus,the file(“output.txt”)will give the references to open the file on which read() is
applied.

Ans 3 The file would now contains “Bye”only because when an existing file is openend in write
mode .it truncates the existing data in file .

Ans 4 i)Text file

ii)File.write(“abc”)

Ans5Line1

Line3

Line 6

Line 4

Ans6 ab and a+b mode

Ans 7 a)string b)string c)string d)list

Ans 8 No Output

Explanation: the f1.read() of line 2 will read entire content of file and place the file pointer at the
end of file. for f1.read(5) it will return nothing as there are no bytes to be read from EOF
and,thus,print statement prints nothing.

3 marks question
Ans.1
def count H ():
F = open (“para.txt” , “r” )
lines =0
l=f. readlines ()
for i in L:
if i [0]== ‘H’:
Lines +=1
print (“No. of lines are: “ , lines)
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Ans.2
def countmy ():
f=open (“DATA.txt” ,”r”)
count=0
x= f.read()
word =x.split ()
for i in word:
if (i == “my”):
count =count + 1
print (“my occurs” ,count, “times”)
Ans.3
def display ():
file=open(‘DIARY.txt ‘ , ‘r’)
lines= file.readline()
while line:
if line[0]== ‘p’ :
print(line)
line=file.readline ()
file.close()
Ans.4
def display ():
file=open(MYNOTES.TXT’ , ‘r’)
lines=file.readlines()
while line:
if line[0]==’K’ :
print(line)
line=file.readline()
file.close()
Ans5
f=open(“result.dat” , “r”)
count=0
rec=””
While True:
rec=f.readline (0)
if rec == “ “ :
break
count=count+1
print (count,rec)
f.close()
Ans.6
def filter (oldfile, newfile):
fin =open (oldfile, “r”)
fout= open (newfile, “w”)
while True:
text =fin.readline ()
if len(text)==0:
break
if text[0]== “@”:
continue
fout.write(text)
fin.close()
fout.close()
filter(“source.txt” , “target.txt”)
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 BINARY FILES IN PYTHON:
A Binary file stores the information in the form of a stream of bytes. A binary file stores the data in the
same way as stored in the memory. In Binary file there is no delimiter for a line. The file contents
returned by a binary file is raw i.e. with no translation, thus Binary files are faster than text files. To
work with binary files, you need to open them using specific file modes:

To open a binary file follow this syntax:

file = open(, mode)
For example:
f = open(“one.dat”,”rb”)
Binary File Modes:

• rb: Read a binary file. The file pointer is placed at the beginning of the file. This is the default
mode for reading.
• rb+: Read and write a binary file. The file pointer is placed at the beginning of the file.
• wb: Write to a binary file. This mode will overwrite the file if it exists, or create a new file if it
doesn't.
• wb+: Write and read a binary file. This mode will overwrite the file if it exists, or create a new
file if it doesn't.
• ab: Append to a binary file. The file pointer is at the end of the file if it exists. If the file does not
exist, it creates a new file for writing.
• ab+: Append and read a binary file. The file pointer is at the end of the file if it exists. If the file
does not exist, it creates a new file for writing.

Closing a Binary File

Always close a file after you're done using it to ensure that all resources are properly released. Use the
close() method:
Differences Between Binary Files and Text Files

1. Nature of Data

Binary Files: Store data in binary format (0s and 1s). The data is not human-readable and can represent various
types of data, including images, audio, and executable code.

Text Files: Store data in plain text format. The data is human-readable and consists of characters encoded in
formats such as ASCII or Unicode.

2. Usage

Binary Files: Used for data that is not meant to be read directly by humans, such as media files, compiled
programs, and data serialization.

Text Files: Used for data that needs to be read and edited by humans, such as source code, configuration files,
and documents.

3. Encoding

Binary Files: No specific encoding scheme; the interpretation of bytes depends on the file format.

Text Files: Use character encoding schemes like ASCII, UTF-8, or UTF-16 to represent text.

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Python objects (list, dictionary etc) have a specific structure which must be maintained while storing or
accessing them. Python provides a special module called pickle module for this.

PICKLING refers to the process of converting the structure(list/dictionary) to a byte of stream before
writing it to a file. The process to converts any kind of python objects (list, dict etc.) into byte streams (0s and
1s).

UNPICKLING is used to convert the byte stream back to the original structure while reading the
contents of the file.

pickle Module: -

Before reading or writing to a file, we have to import the pickle module.

Eg.
import pickle

pickle module has two main methods: dump() and load()

pickle.dump() – Thi method i u ed to write the object in the fi e which i opened in ‘wb’ or ‘ b’ i.e. write
binary or append binary access mode respectively.

Syntax :
pickle.dump(<structure>,<FileObject>)

Here, Structure can be list or dictionary.

FileObject is the file handle of file in which we have to write.

# Simple program to write a list data into a binary file

import pickle
fo = open("binary_file1.dat","wb")
Laptop = ["Dell","HP","ACER"]
pickle.dump(Laptop,fo)
fo.close()

pickle.load() – This method is used to read data from a file and return back into the structure (list/dictionary).

Syntax :
<structure> = pickle.load(<FileObject>)

Structure can be any sequence in Python such as list, dictionary etc. FileObject is the file handle of file in which
we have to write.

# Program to read data from a binary file

fbin = open("binary_file1.dat","rb")
x=pickle.load(fbin)
print(x)
fbin.close()
# Simple program to write a dictionary data into a binary file
import pickle
f=open("my_bin1.bin","wb")
D1={3:'Maruti',2:'Honda',4:'Hundai',1:'BMW'}
pickle.dump(D1,f)
f.close()

49
f1=open("my_bin1.bin","rb")
D2=pickle.load(f1)
print(D2)
f.close()

#Write data to a Binary File:

import pickle
list =[ ] # empty list
while True:
roll = input("Enter student Roll No:")
sname=input("Enter student Name:")
student={"roll":roll,"name":sname} # create a dictionary
list.append(student) #add the dictionary as an element in the list
choice=input("Want to add more record(y/n):")
if(choice=='n'):
break
file=open("student.dat","wb") # open file in binary and write mode
pickle.dump(list, file)
file.close()
OUTPUT:
Enter student Roll No: 1201
Enter student Name: Anil
Want to add more record(y/n): y
Enter student Roll No: 1202
Enter student Name: Sunil
Want to add more record(y/n): n
Read data from a Binary File:
To read the data from a binary file, we have to use load() function
Example:
import pickle
file = open("student.dat", "rb")
list =pickle.load(file)
print(list)
file.close()
OUTPUT:
[{'roll':'1201','name':'Anil'},{'roll':'1202','name':'Sunil'}]

Update a record in Binary File:

def update():
name=input("Enter the name to be updated ")
newstu=[]
while True:
try:
stu=p.load(f)
for i in stu:
if i[1].lower()==name.lower():
rno=int(input("Enter the updated Roll number"))
s=[rno,name]
newstu.append(s)
else:
newstu.append(i)
except:
break
f.close()
f=open("student.dat","rb+")
update()
50
p.dump(newstu,f)
print(“Record updated”)
f.close()
OUTPUT:
Enter the name to be updated Sunil
Enter the updated Roll number 1204
Record updated
Delete a record from binary file:
import pickle
def deletestudent():
roll=input('Enter roll number whose record you want to delete:')
list = pickle.load(fw)
found=0
lst= []
for x in list:
if roll not in x['roll']:
lst.append(x)
else:
found=1
fw=open(“student.dat”,”rb+”)
delestudent()
pickle.dump(lst,fw)
fw.close()
if found==1:
print(“Record Deleted”)
else:
print(“Record not found”)
OUTPUT:
Enter roll number whose record you want to delete:1201
Record Deleted
QUESTION ANSWERS: SET 1

1 Which type of file does not have delimiters? 1

2 The process of converting the structure to a byte stream before writing to the file is 1
known as _________.

3 The process of converting byte stream back to the original structure is known as 1
_______

4 Raman open a file in readmode, but the file doe n’t exi t in the fo der. 1
Python raised an error for the code. What type of error will be shown?

5 The prefix ______ in front of a string makes it raw string that is no special meaning 1
attached to any character

6 Pickling is otherwise known as ________________ 1

7 CSV files are opened with __________argument to supress EOL translation 1

51
8 Which of the following statement is incorrect in the context of binary files? 1
a. Information is stored in the same format in which the information is held in memory.
b. No character translation takes place
c. Every line ends with a new line character
d. pickle module is used for reading and writing

9 What is EOFError? How can we handle EOFError in python 2

10 How text files and binary files are stored inside computer memory? 2

11 Name any two exceptions that occur while working with pickle module. 2

12 Wh t i the difference between writer object’ writerow() nd writerows() function? 2

13 Binary files are the best way to store program information. Discuss 3

Answers :

Sample Answers
1. Binary files
2. Pickling
3. Unpickling
4. FileNotFoundError
5. r
6. Serialization.
7. Newline
8. Every line ends with a new line character
9.EOFError is raised when one of the built-in functions input() or raw_input() hits an end-of-file
condition (EOF) without reading any data. We can overcome this issue by using try and except
keywords in Python, called Exception Handling.
10.A text file stores information in the form of a stream of ASCII or Unicode characters based on the
default state of programming languages. Binary file store information as stream of bytes .
11. Pickle.PicklingError and pickle.Unpickling Error
1 . writer.writerow(row) Write the row p r meter to the writer’ fi e object, form tted ccording to
de imiter defined in writer function. writerow (row ) Write mu tip e row ( equence) to the writer’
file object.
13. .Binary files store the information in the form of a stream of bytes similar to the format a computer
memory holds data. Also there is no delimiter for a line and no translations occur in binary files. Thus
binary files are faster and easier for a program to read and write. So the best method for a data or
program information is to store it as binary files.

52
 QUESTION ANSWERS: SET 2
1 Write Python statements to open a binary file "student.dat" in both read & write 1
mode.

2 Which of the following statement is true? 1

a. pickling creates an object from a sequence of bytes
b. pickling is used for object serialization
c. pickling is used for object deserialization
d. pickling is used to manage all types of files in Python
3 Read the following Python code carefully and answers the question given afterthe 1
code
import pickle
#open file in binary mode for writing.
with open('emp.dat', '____') as outfile: #Line 1
#Store data in list
employee = [101,'Simran',20000]
_________________ #Line 2
Fill in the blank in line 1 to open file in binary mode for append data to the file. Fill in
the blank in line 2 to pickle the list and write to file

4 Raghav is trying to write a tuple t = (1,2,3,4,5) on a binary file test.bin. 1

Consider the following code written by him.
import pickle
t = (1,2,3,4,5)
myfile = open("test.bin",'wb')
pickle._________ #Statement 1
myfile.close()
Identify the missing code in Statement 1.
a. dump(myfile,t)
b. dump(t, myfile)
c. write(t,myfile)
d. load(myfile,t)
5 omputer tore every fi e co ection of ……… 1
a)strings
b)Bytes
c)characters
d)object
e)none of the above
6 The default file-open mode i ……….. 1
53
 a)r
b)a
c)w
d)w+
e)none of the above
7 Which of the following file mode open a file for reading and writing both in the binary 1
file?
a) r
b) rb
c) rb+
d) rwb
8 The _____ file mode is used to handle binary file for reading. 1
a)rb
b)wb
c)r+
d)wb+
e)None of the above
9 Which of the following file mode opens a file for reading and writing both as well as 1
overwrite the existing file if the file exists otherwise creates a new file?
a) w
b) wb+
c) wb
d) rwb
10 ___ module is used to store data into an python objects with their structure. 1
a)csv
b)pickle
c)os
d)numpy
11 What are the two types of data files? Give examples for each. 2

12 What is pickling and unpickling of data? 2

13 What is aBinary File? Give examples 2

14 How can you delete a file? Write a pseudocode to delete a file 2

15 Write a function to read name and roll no from a binary file. 2

16 Amritya Seth is a programmer, who has recently been given a task to write a python 5
code to perform the following binary file operations with the help of two user defined
functions/modules:

a. AddStudents() to create a binary file called STUDENT.DAT containing student

information – roll number, name and marks (out of 100) of each student.

b. GetStudents() to display the name and percentage of those students who have a
percentage greater than 75. In case there is no student having percentage > 75 the
function displays an appropriate message. The function should also display the average
percent. He has succeeded in writing partial code and has missed out certain
54
statements, so he has left certain queries in comment lines. You as an expert of Python
have to provide the missing statements and other related queries based on the
following code of Amritya Answer any four questions (out of five) from the below
mentioned questions.

import pickle
def AddStudents():
____________ #1 statement to open the binary file to write data
while True:
Rno = int(input("Rno :"))
Name = input("Name : ")
Percent = float(input("Percent :"))
L = [Rno, Name, Percent]
____________ #2 statement to write the list Linto the file
Choice = input("enter more (y/n): ")
if Choice in "nN":
break
F.close()
def GetStudents():
Total=0
Countrec=0
Countabove75=0
with open("STUDENT.DAT","rb") as F:
while True:
try:
____________ #3 statement to readfrom the file
Countrec+=1
Total+=R[2]
if R[2] > 75:
print(R[1], " has percent =",R[2])
Countabove75+=1
except:
break

55
 if Countabove75==0:
print("There is no student who has percentage more than 75")
average=Total/Countrec print("average percent of class = ",average)
AddStudents()
GetStudents()
1. Wh ch f h f w g c mm s s s h f “ D .DA ” f
writing only in binary format? (marked as #1 in the Python code)
a. F= open("STUDENT.DAT",'wb')
b. F= open("STUDENT.DAT",'w')
c. F= open("STUDENT.DAT",'wb+')
d. F= open("STUDENT.DAT",'w+')
2. Which of the following commands is used to write the list L into the binary file,
STUDENT.DAT? (marked as #2 in the Python code)
a. pickle.write(L,f)
b. pickle.write(f, L)
c. pickle.dump(L,F) d.
f=pickle.dump(L)
3. Which of the following commands is used to read each record from the binary file
STUDENT.DAT? (marked as #3 in the Python code)
a. R = pickle.load(F)
b. pickle.read(r,f)
c. r= pickle.read(f)
d. pickle.load(r,f)
4. Which of the following statement(s) are correct regarding the file access modes?
. ‘r+’ open fi e for both re ding nd writing. Fi e object point to it beginning.
b. ‘w+’ open fi e for both writing nd re ding. Add t the end of the exi ting fi e if it
exists and creates a new one if it does not exist.
c. ‘wb’ open fi e for re ding nd writing in bin ry form t. Overwrite the fi e if it
exists and creates a new one if it does not exist.
d. ‘ ’ open fi e for ppending. The fi e pointer i t the t rt of the fi e if the fi e
exists
5. Which of the following statements correctly explain the function of seek()
method?
a. tells the current position within the file.
b. determines if you can move the file position or not.

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 c. indicates that the next read or write occurs from that position in a file.
d. moves the current file position to a given specified position

17 Compare Text files, Binary Files and CSV files. 5

ANSWERS
1.file = open("student.dat", "rb+")
2.pickling is used for object serialization
3.a) ab b)pickle.dump(employee,outfile)
4. dump(t, myfile)
5. b
6.a
7.c
8.c
9.b
10 b
11. c

12. There are two types of files: Text Files- A file whose contents can be viewed using a text editor is
called a text file. A text file is simply a sequence of ASCII or Unicode characters. Python programs,
contents written in text editors are some of the example of text files. Binary Files-A binary file stores
the data in the same way as as stored in the memory. The .exe files, mp3 file, image files, word
document re ome of theex mp e of bin ry fi e . We c n’t re d bin ry fi e u ing text editor
13. Pickling is the process of transforming data or an object in memory (RAM) to a stream of bytes
called byte streams. These byte streams in a binary file can then be stored in a disk or in a database or
sent through a network.
Unpickling is the inverse of pickling process where a byte stream is converted back to Python object
14. A binary file is a file whose content is in a binary format consisting of a series of sequential bytes,
each of which is eight bits in length.Binary Files contain raw data so are not in human readable format.
It can be read by using some special tool or program.
Document files: .pdf, .doc, .xls etc.
Image files: .png, .jpg, .gif, .bmp etc.
Video files: .mp4, .3gp, .mkv, .avi etc.
Audio files: .mp3, .wav, .mka, .aac etc.
Database files: .mdb, .accde, .frm, .sqlite etc.
Archive files: .zip, .rar, .iso, .7z etc.
Executable files: .exe, .dll, .class etc

15. To delete a file, import the OS module, and run its os.remove() function. import os
os.remove("demofile.txt")
16. I. a) II. c) III. a) IV. a) V.d)
17. Do Yourself

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